Abstract：
:Pharmacological reinforcement has been identified as a major factor in the maintenance of cigarette smoking. Smokers seem to seek an individually characteristic level of nicotine intake and adjust their smoking parameters in order to obtain this dose. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in nicotine intake and to relate these differences to the physiological effects of smoking. The effects of smoking was investigated among 18 male smokers on a normal smoking day and after a period of deprivation. On the basis of the butt-nicotine analysis performed on the cigarettes smoked in the deprivation condition the sample was divided into high and low nicotine intake groups. Heart rate, skin conductance, respiratory activity before, during and after smoking were recorded. Smoking topography and typology was also measured. The results showed that the two groups were effected differentially by smoking and by deprivation. Although they differed in basal heart rate levels the two groups achieved similar levels with smoking. The results pointed out that nicotine dosage and constitutional make-up may interact in determining the physiological effects produced.
journal_name
Biol Psycholjournal_title
Biological psychologyauthors
Karanci NAdoi
10.1016/0301-0511(85)90051-1subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1985-08-01 00:00:00pages
27-42issue
1eissn
0301-0511issn
1873-6246journal_volume
21pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:This study examined the effects of standard laboratory stressors on cardiovascular measures before and after the consumption of a modest meal. A mental arithmetic task and a reaction time task were administered before and 2 h after a carbohydrate or a protein meal. A noncaloric placebo meal and a fasting condition wer...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/0301-0511(94)90049-3
更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Feature-based control processes guide attention towards objects with target features in visual search. While these processes are assumed to operate globally across the entire visual field, it remains controversial whether target-matching objects at task-irrelevant locations can be excluded from attentional selection, ...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.02.007
更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may exhibit chronic autonomic nervous system (ANS) hyperarousal (e.g., lower respiratory sinus arrhythmia and higher heart rate) compared to their typically developing peers, reflecting a chronic biological threat response. The sustained nature of this cardiac threat sug...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.05.004
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) has been correlated with lower susceptibility to anxiety and mood disturbance. Since coping styles have been shown to be a critical component of academic achievement, we aimed to assess the relationship between DHEA and coping mechanisms in college students. Participants were recruited an...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.05.003
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Subjects were tested in a cued reaction-time task wherein warning stimuli (S1) of 5-letter words or dot patterns inter-mixed across trials were briefly presented. After 2 sec a second stimulus (S2) of th same category as the S1 appeared and the subject pressed a key with the left or right hand. The right key was press...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0301-0511(84)90036-x
更新日期：1984-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been suggested that frontal brain asymmetry is associated with differences in basic emotional dimensions, particularly in activation of systems underlying avoidance-withdrawal behavior. We examined regional cerebral oxygenated hemoglobin (O2Hb) levels in human medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) using near-infrared...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsycho.2006.06.005
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Emotion and attention are key players in the modulation of pain perception. However, much less is known about the reverse influence of pain on attentional and especially emotional processes. To this end, we employed painful vs. non-painful pressure stimulation to examine effects on the processing of simultaneously pre...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.biopsycho.2012.03.019
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although reduced cortisol reactivity to stress and increased circulating testosterone level are hypothesized to be associated with higher levels of externalizing behavior, empirical findings are inconsistent. One factor that may account for the heterogeneity in these relationships is prenatal testosterone exposure. Th...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsycho.2015.09.013
更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Parsing strategies in temporarily ambiguous sentences were investigated in readers with different sentence memory capacities using event-related brain potentials (ERPs). Readers with a high memory span as well as readers with a low memory span were required to read subject and object relative sentences which were eith...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0301-0511(97)00033-1
更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study used a novel eye-gaze contingent attention training (ECAT) to test the prediction that attention regulation is involved in reappraisal and rumination. Sixty-six undergraduates were randomly assigned to either the control or the active training condition of the ECAT. Active ECAT comprised training in allocat...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.01.017
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of psychological stress and the Valsalva maneuver on short-term variations of intraocular pressure (IOP) were studied in 49 healthy adults. Psychological stress consisted of mental arithmetic tasks presented in counterbalanced order by computer and by the experimenter. Additionally, a standardized Valsalva...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0301-0511(99)00012-5
更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The electrophysiological correlates of error processing were investigated in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) using event-related potentials (ERP). Twelve patients with BPD and 12 healthy controls were additionally rated with the Barratt impulsiveness scale (BIS-10). Participants performed a Go/Nogo...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsycho.2005.08.006
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We review the evidence for a genetic basis of the cardiovascular and renal stress response. A bio-behavioral model of stress-induced hypertension is presented that explains how repeated exposure to stress in combination with genetic susceptibility might lead to the development of hypertension. In this model, we focus ...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0301-0511(02)00053-4
更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Studies that have attempted to determine the effects of aging on the brain neural sources of memory retrieval have reported two contrasting age effects: under-recruitment and over-recruitment of several prefrontal areas. However, the causes for these effects are still a matter of debate. In order to study the underlyi...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsycho.2009.06.003
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A growing body of research is demonstrating concordance between mother and child diurnal cortisol production. In the context of maternal history of depression, intergenerational concordance of cortisol production could contribute to hypercortisolemia in children of depressed mothers, which has been shown to increase r...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsycho.2015.03.019
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent findings suggest that adults suffering from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) display an atypical pattern of hemispheric asymmetry, assessed through the alpha band in resting-state electroencephalogram. In the context of the approach-withdrawal model of hemispheric asymmetry, this pattern has been...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsycho.2011.02.023
更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Biofeedback training of the sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) was carried out in three male and three female adolescent epileptics and in two normal controls. The patients represented a cross-section of epilepsies including grand mal, myoclonic, afocal and psychomotor types. Three of the cases were mentally retarded. 12-14 Hz...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0301-0511(75)90033-2
更新日期：1975-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Subjects with low/undetectable startle are usually excluded from startle studies but few reports not confounded by this factor, show reduced startle in healthy impulsive subjects, or clinical populations with disorders of affect and impulsivity but also in schizophrenia and its prodrome. We examined the relationship o...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.09.005
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous research has demonstrated that hypomania is associated with approach motivation and activity in the left prefrontal cortex (PFC). Other research has linked left motor cortex excitability to approach motivation, suggesting the existence of connections between the motor cortex and PFC. The present research exte...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsycho.2008.01.011
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Positive or negative feedback is usually used to maintain or shift a sorting rule in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Previous studies have demonstrated that negative feedback evokes a larger P3 than positive feedback. However, it is unclear whether the neural response is different for negative feedback appeari...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.107810
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study we measured event-related potentials (ERPs) and evoked heart rate (EHR) to investigate performance monitoring in 10-12-year-old children. The children received feedback on their performance while conducting a probabilistic learning task. Error-related ERP components time-locked to the response increased ...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsycho.2007.07.006
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Some experimental data demonstrate the existence of at least two different P300s distinguished by latency, topography and functional significance. These positive waves are preceded by a negative component which has been labelled N200. The purpose of this study was to analyze the modifications of these negative and pos...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0301-0511(81)90036-3
更新日期：1981-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In two experiments, large letters H or Z composed of small letters (also H or Z) were presented. Subjects had to make a two-choice motor response (e.g. H--left key, Z--right key). A cue presented 500 ms before the letter indicated which level (global or local) was relevant. In Experiment I, a third letter (T) sometime...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0301-0511(96)05236-2
更新日期：1997-06-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Blunted cardiovascular stress reactions may be a marker for poor behavioral regulation. The present study examined the association between heart rate reactivity and perseverance, operationalized as the failure to complete a subsequent follow-up assessment. The heart rate (using electrocardiography), cardiac output (us...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsycho.2015.06.001
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Heart rate perception was assessed in two sets of trials by having subjects set an intermittent visual pulse to match their heart rates. Just prior to matching subjects were required to either hyperventilate, hypoventilate or breathe normally to encourage a range of cardiac levels. Preceding each set of perception tri...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0301-0511(80)90053-8
更新日期：1980-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:College students learned a set of facts relating fictitious people and their occupations (e.g. 'Matthew is a lawyer'). Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded while they subsequently viewed a series of such statements presented in segments (e.g. 'Matthew/is a/dentist'). ERPs to occupations completing state...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0301-0511(85)90008-0
更新日期：1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cardiovascular reactivity and recovery were examined as predictors of blood pressure changes over 3 years. Blood pressure and heart rate readings were obtained from 73 men and women aged 18-20 years during cold pressor, mental arithmetic, tourniquet ischemia, cycle exercise and step exercise tasks. Regression analyses...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0301-0511(01)00105-3
更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:People with specific animal phobias react with increased autonomic activity when exposed to fear-relevant stimuli. The present study examined whether individuals having a less circumscribed fear (public speaking fear) also react with increased autonomic responses when exposed to fear-relevant i.e. social stimuli. A Hi...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0301-0511(86)90001-3
更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Even though it is known that sleep benefits declarative memory consolidation, the role of sleep in the storage of temporal sequences has rarely been examined. Thus we explored the influence of sleep on temporal order in an episodic memory task followed by sleep or sleep deprivation. Thirty-four healthy subjects (17 me...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.biopsycho.2012.05.012
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been demonstrated repeatedly that the evaluation of a face is not only influenced by the social message that is signaled by the face's emotional expression, but also by other social factors such as ethnicity or group membership. Studies in the field of startle research, however, have hitherto investigated only ...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.12.009
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
