Abstract:
:It has been demonstrated repeatedly that the evaluation of a face is not only influenced by the social message that is signaled by the face's emotional expression, but also by other social factors such as ethnicity or group membership. Studies in the field of startle research, however, have hitherto investigated only the effects of one of the two factors - that is, either emotional expression or group membership - on the startle response. Yet, we propose that the startle reflex is a sensitive marker for the interactive effect of both factors. Specifically, we predicted that group membership influences the social meaning signaled by an emotional expression, leading to an interactive effect. In two experiments, we examined the modulation of the startle response by happy, fearful, and angry expressions shown by ingroup and outgroup members. As predicted, an interaction between group membership and emotional expression emerged, such that happiness expressed by an ingroup member resulted in lower startle responses compared to the same expression shown by an outgroup member; the opposite pattern emerged for fearful and angry expressions. This effect was found in both experiments and independent of the exact stimulus materials employed, pointing to the generalizability of the effect.
journal_name
Biol Psycholjournal_title
Biological psychologyauthors
Paulus A,Renn K,Wentura Ddoi
10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.12.009subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-03-01 00:00:00pages
140-146eissn
0301-0511issn
1873-6246pii
S0301-0511(18)30479-4journal_volume
142pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Studies that have attempted to determine the effects of aging on the brain neural sources of memory retrieval have reported two contrasting age effects: under-recruitment and over-recruitment of several prefrontal areas. However, the causes for these effects are still a matter of debate. In order to study the underlyi...
journal_title:Biological psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2009.06.003
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Feature-based control processes guide attention towards objects with target features in visual search. While these processes are assumed to operate globally across the entire visual field, it remains controversial whether target-matching objects at task-irrelevant locations can be excluded from attentional selection, ...
journal_title:Biological psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.02.007
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A functional specialization in the prefrontal cortex along a dorsal-ventral gradient according to the type of processing in working memory, i.e. manipulation vs. maintenance, has been proposed based on previous neuroimaging studies. This seems particularly important for the further understanding of the functional arch...
journal_title:Biological psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.06.005
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::ERPs to visual language stimuli were recorded in normal children (7-18 years) and adults from Fpz, Fz, Cz, Pz, Oz, F3, F4, C3, C4, P3, P4, T3, T4, T5 and T6. An oddball paradigm was employed with letter discrimination and lexical decision tasks. N2 and P3 latencies decreased significantly with age, N2 until adolescenc...
journal_title:Biological psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0301-0511(88)90027-0
更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Social anxiety is thought to be maintained by biased attentional processing towards threatening information. Research has further shown that the experimental attenuation of this bias, through the implementation of attentional bias modification (ABM), may serve to reduce social anxiety vulnerability. However, the mecha...
journal_title:Biological psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2014.12.002
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Changes of EEG alpha asymmetry in terms of increased right versus left sided activity in prefrontal cortex are considered to index activation of the withdrawal/avoidance motivational system. The present study aimed to add evidence of the validity of individual differences in the EEG alpha asymmetry response and their ...
journal_title:Biological psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2014.09.001
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is argued that the latter part of usual human sleep is phenotypically adaptable (without 'sleep debt') to habitual shortening or lengthening, according to environmental influences of light, safety, food availability and socio-economic factors, but without increasing daytime sleepiness. Pluripotent brain mechanisms ...
journal_title:Biological psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.10.004
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Working memory scanning and motor response speeds were assessed in chronically sleep restricted participants using the Sternberg item recognition paradigm (SIRP). Twenty-two healthy volunteers (ages 21-30) living in a controlled hospital environment were allowed either 4h of sleep opportunity (50% of habitual sleep) o...
journal_title:Biological psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2005.11.002
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Subjects were tested in a cued reaction-time task wherein warning stimuli (S1) of 5-letter words or dot patterns inter-mixed across trials were briefly presented. After 2 sec a second stimulus (S2) of th same category as the S1 appeared and the subject pressed a key with the left or right hand. The right key was press...
journal_title:Biological psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0301-0511(84)90036-x
更新日期:1984-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by avoidance, emotional numbing, increased arousal and hypervigilance for threat following a trauma. Thirty-three veterans (19 with PTSD, 14 without PTSD) who had experienced combat trauma while on deployment in Iraq and/or Afghanistan completed an emotional faces...
journal_title:Biological psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.08.009
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The influence of night-shift work and noise on arousal and stress reactions have, to date, been investigated separately. The aim of this study was to compare their psychophysiological effects in combination. Twenty-four male student subjects continuously performed ten hours of visual display tasks per 24 h under highl...
journal_title:Biological psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0301-0511(95)05164-3
更新日期:1996-02-05 00:00:00
abstract::This study examined the effects of attachment styles on physiological responses during a perspective-taking task. Sixty-eight participants were selected according to attachment styles. Physiological responses were assessed using skin conductance responses (SCRs) in the three attachment groups (secure, insecure-anxious...
journal_title:Biological psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2020.107908
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plasma levels of catecholamines and pituitary adrenal hormones were measured in 20 min samples from eight subjects, in one control session and two experimental sessions, while they performed a short-term memory task under quiet of noise conditions. Performing the task led to significant increase in the plasma levels o...
journal_title:Biological psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0301-0511(80)90037-x
更新日期:1980-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mental chronometry, in which conclusions about human information processing are reached through measures of subjects' reaction time, has contributed substantially to studies of cognition and action. During the evolution of the chronometric paradigm, several key issues have emerged. The issues concern (a) the existence...
journal_title:Biological psychology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0301-0511(88)90013-0
更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two different emotion regulation strategies, cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression, are strongly associated with increased neural activity in the prefrontal cognitive control network. In this event-related fMRI study, we investigated whether individual differences in habitual reappraisal and suppression ten...
journal_title:Biological psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2012.03.005
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alterations in the stress response and endogenous pain regulation mechanisms may contribute directly and indirectly to maintenance of nicotine dependence and relapse. We examined the extent to which nicotine dependence alters endogenous pain regulatory systems, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis,...
journal_title:Biological psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2012.12.007
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the temperamental traits high-intensity pleasure (temperamental activation) and shyness (temperamental inhibition) in relation to autonomic function as measured by heart rate (HR), respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) in 938 10-13-year-old preadolescents from a populatio...
journal_title:Biological psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2009.02.002
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evidence suggests that individuals who are more obese may be more responsive to stress. Stress activates the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the adipose-tissue cytokine leptin stimulates SNS activity in animals. We examined the relationship between adiposity, leptin and physiological responses to acute laboratory...
journal_title:Biological psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.02.010
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Four experiments investigated Pearce and Hall's (1980) proposal that a decrease in the predictive accuracy of a stimulus restores stimulus associability as reflected by increased orienting and controlled processing. The experiments examined the effects of miscuing or omission on stimulus associability as assessed by s...
journal_title:Biological psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0301-0511(89)90093-8
更新日期:1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated whether the late posterior negativity (LPN) is a component linked to stimulus retrieval or rather to complex, higher-order stimulus evaluation processes or response preparation processes. Participants performed three separate tasks across separate sessions: an encoding task, a memory recognition task, ...
journal_title:Biological psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.01.016
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cortisol has been found to increase in response to social evaluative threat. However, little is known about the cortisol response to induced anger. Thus, in the present study, we investigated the cortisol response to anger induction and its effects on performance and explicit memory. A variant of the Montreal Stress I...
journal_title:Biological psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2012.05.006
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In reply to Verleger's commentary, I first clarify what the term "MRP overlap" implies; by means of a simple additive simulation it is shown that overlap between a stable P300 and a MRP that moves in time with reaction-time, may cause two types of artefacts--amplitude reduction and double peaking of P300. Following Ve...
journal_title:Biological psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0301-0511(88)90005-1
更新日期:1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study analyzes differences in blood pressure (BP) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) in relation to trait worry. 36 high worry and 21 low worry females were selected from scores on the Penn State Worry Questionnaire. Cardiovascular parameters were obtained during rest, a self-induced worry period, and defense refle...
journal_title:Biological psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.11.005
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We used the startle eye blink paradigm to investigate the processes underlying physiological responding to concealed information. Autonomic responding was measured together with eye blink responses to startle probes presented during mock crime and control pictures. Based upon 'orienting theory', greater startle modula...
journal_title:Biological psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2007.06.001
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous research suggests that prompting individuals to think on their own mortality affects their perception of painful somatic stimuli and related brain activity. Grounded on the assumption that reminders of mortality may recruit threat-defence mechanisms similar to the ones activated by painful nociceptive stimuli...
journal_title:Biological psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.08.055
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Effects of predictability of threat on potentiation of the startle reflex were investigated by presenting participants with predictable and unpredictable electric shocks. Shocks were presented either paired with a visual cue (paired condition) or unrelated to the presentation of the visual cues (unpaired condition). I...
journal_title:Biological psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2007.05.005
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigated the influence of trait anxiety on event-related potentials (ERPs) to fearful, happy, and neutral faces. Fearful faces, relative to neutral, elicited a range of effects in the low-trait anxiety (LTA) group: an enhanced visual P1 component, an early posterior negativity (EPN), and a sustained fro...
journal_title:Biological psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2007.10.003
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::As compared to negative affect, only a small number of studies have examined influences of positive affect on cardiovascular stress responses, of which only a few were concerned with cardiovascular recovery. In this study, heart rate, low- and high-frequency heart rate variability, blood pressure, and levels of subjec...
journal_title:Biological psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2009.11.008
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Trait extraversion has been theorized to emerge from functioning of the dopaminergic reward system. Recent evidence for this view shows that extraversion modulates the scalp-recorded Reward Positivity, a putative marker of dopaminergic signaling of reward-prediction-error. We attempt to replicate this association amid...
journal_title:Biological psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.107735
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A growing body of research is demonstrating concordance between mother and child diurnal cortisol production. In the context of maternal history of depression, intergenerational concordance of cortisol production could contribute to hypercortisolemia in children of depressed mothers, which has been shown to increase r...
journal_title:Biological psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2015.03.019
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00