Abstract:
:Microelectrode recordings were made from 5-10 micron dia axons of adult rat spinal cord in vitro. Action potentials in response to electrical stimulation were recorded intracellularly and electrical characteristics of the axons were examined by injecting current pulses through a bridge circuit. All action potentials larger in amplitude than 80 mV were followed by depolarizing afterpotentials, similar to those recorded in peripheral axons [Barrett and Barrett (1982) J. Physiol., Lond. 323, 117-144]. The afterpotential could be described as the sum of three exponential components, the time constants of which (tau 1, tau 2 and tau 3) were 25.2 +/- 5.6, 3.1 +/- 0.8 and 0.8 +/0 0.3 ms, respectively, at 25 degrees C and a membrane potential of -80 mV. The maximal amplitudes of the afterpotential components, obtained by extrapolating to the peak of the action potential, were 3.8 +/- 1.0, 6.4 +/- 5.2 and 21.7 +/- 9.8 mV, for action potential amplitudes of 102 +/- 11 mV. The amplitude of the longest component of the afterpotential decreased with depolarization and increased with hyperpolarization at the recording site. The amplitude decreased markedly with increase of temperature to physiological levels, in conjunction with the expected decrease in action potential duration. Similar afterpotential components were present in the response of the axon to injected hyperpolarizing current pulses. The observations are consistent with the suggestion [Barrett and Barrett (1982) J. Physiol., Lond. 323, 117-144] that the afterpotential results from charging of the axolemmal capacitance by current passing through the myelin sheath during the action potential. They are inconsistent with a number of calculations of electrical characteristics of peripheral axons derived from voltage clamp experiments in isolated fibers. It is argued that the electrical resistance of the myelin lamellae is relatively low, though within the range calculated for other glial membranes. This suggestion is found more compatible with the available morphological data than the alternative proposal that a leakage pathway under the myelin sheath might be responsible for the afterpotential [Barrett and Barrett (1982) J. Physiol., Lond. 323, 117-144]. The significance of this organization for the function of myelinated axons and the electrical basis of the afterpotential are examined further in the accompanying paper [Blight (1985) Neuroscience 15, 13-31].
journal_name
Neurosciencejournal_title
Neuroscienceauthors
Blight AR,Someya Sdoi
10.1016/0306-4522(85)90118-6subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1985-05-01 00:00:00pages
1-12issue
1eissn
0306-4522issn
1873-7544pii
0306-4522(85)90118-6journal_volume
15pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NEUROSCIENCE文献大全abstract::Prenatal exposure to high-fat diet (HFD) might predispose offspring to develop metabolic and mental disorders later in life. Insight into the molecular and behavioral consequences of maternal HFD on offspring is sparse but may involve both neuroinflammation and a dysregulated neuroendocrine stress axis. Thus, the aim ...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.07.014
更新日期:2018-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Evidence suggests the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is involved in Alcohol Use Disorders (AUDs), which might be mediated by an imbalance of glucocorticoid receptor (GR), GRα and GRβ, activity. GRβ antagonizes the GRα isoform to cause glucocorticoid (GC) resistance. In the present study, we aimed to investi...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.04.033
更新日期:2020-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::It has been hypothesized [Colpaert, F.C., 1994. In: Briley, M., Marien, M. (Eds.), Noradrenergic Mechanisms in Parkinson's Disease. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 225-254] that a deficiency in the noradrenergic system originating from the locus coeruleus is a decisive factor in the progression of central neurodegenera...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00406-2
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cholinergic neurons of the striatum play a crucial role in controlling output from this region. Their firing is under the control of a relatively limited glutamatergic input, deriving principally from the thalamus. Glutamate transmission is effected via three major subtypes of receptors, including those with affinity ...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.09.035
更新日期:2007-12-12 00:00:00
abstract::In the past 15 years the classical view that astrocytes play a relatively passive role in brain function has been overturned and it has become increasingly clear that signaling between neurons and astrocytes may play a crucial role in the information processing that the brain carries out. This new view stems from two ...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.03.039
更新日期:2009-01-12 00:00:00
abstract::The study of architectonic differentiation in the cortex is advanced by the articulation of objective definitions based on clear features of the cortical architecture. We adopted areal density profiles as a means of sampling the cortex. On the profiles, we isolated and quantified the density of individual cortical lay...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.01.036
更新日期:2009-03-31 00:00:00
abstract::In a natural acoustic environment, sound stimuli often occur in a contextual acoustic stream. The aim of the present study was to determine how the frequency tuning of auditory cortical neurons is affected by an acoustic context. A forward masking paradigm was used to determine the frequency receptive fields of rat au...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.05.047
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protection of CNS white matter tracts in brain and spinal cord is essential for maximizing clinical recovery from disorders such as stroke or spinal cord injury. Central myelinated axons are damaged by anoxia/ischemia in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner. Leakage of Na+ into the axoplasm through Na+ channels causes Ca2+ overl...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-4522(95)00430-0
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The membrane properties and receptor-mediated responses of rat dorsal raphe nucleus neurons were measured using intracellular recording techniques in a slice preparation. After each experiment, the recorded neuron was filled with neurobiotin and immunohistochemically identified as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-immunoposi...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00584-5
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of excitatory amino acid antagonists on extracellular field potentials in the olfactory bulb produced by lateral olfactory tract stimulation were analysed in vivo. The compounds tested D-2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate, L-(+)2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate, gamma-D-glutamylglycine, L-glutamic acid diethylester and...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-4522(86)90020-5
更新日期:1986-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the brain of young (two weeks old) rats, angiotensin II receptors (AT2 receptors) are found in brain nuclei which receive and integrate direct visual input from the retina, the suprachiasmatic nuclei (containing only AT1 receptors), the lateral geniculate nuclei (containing AT2 receptors) and the superior colliculu...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-4522(94)90460-x
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In rodents, chronic intermittent ethanol vapor exposure (CIE) produces alcohol dependence, alters the structure and activity of pyramidal neurons and decreases the number of oligodendroglial progenitors in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). In this study, adult Wistar rats were exposed to seven weeks of CIE and were...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.02.043
更新日期:2015-05-07 00:00:00
abstract::Compensatory counter-rotations of the eyes provoked by head turns are commonly attributed to the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). A recent study in guinea pigs demonstrates, however, that this assumption is not always valid. During voluntary head turns, guinea pigs make highly accurate compensatory eye movements that oc...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.12.032
更新日期:2013-04-16 00:00:00
abstract::Whereas activation of α1-adrenoceptors (α1-ARs) modulates glutamatergic transmission, the roles of α1-ARs in GABAergic transmission in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) are elusive. Here, we examined the effects of the α1-AR agonist phenylephrine (Phe) on GABAergic transmission onto pyramidal neurons in the deep lay...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.04.070
更新日期:2015-08-06 00:00:00
abstract::Progesterone (PROG) shows neuroprotective effects in numerous lesion models, including a mouse model of Parkinson's disease (PD) induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). However, the possible beneficial effects of PROG on the behavioral and neurochemical impairments incurred in the hemiparkinson...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.08.043
更新日期:2011-11-24 00:00:00
abstract::To better understand the function of the Wnt pathway in the developing telencephalon, we analyzed neocortical development in low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) 6 mutants. LRP6 mutant mice are hypomorphic for the canonical Wnt signaling pathway and have hypoplasia of the developing neocortex. While ...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.07.007
更新日期:2006-11-03 00:00:00
abstract::Previous work had shown that nicotinic antagonists resulted in a marked up-regulation of alpha-bungarotoxin sites in chromaffin cells in culture. The present experiments were done to determine the intracellular mechanism(s) whereby nicotinic antagonists might mediate their effects on these receptors. Chromaffin cells ...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-4522(90)90153-u
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous experiments with wheatgerm agglutinin, an inhibitor of ionotropic quisqualate receptor desensitization, suggest that desensitization regulates quisqualate receptor-mediated synaptic transmission and excitotoxicity. Using whole-cell recordings from cultured postnatal rat hippocampal neurons, we have examined t...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-4522(93)90179-j
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cerebral ischemia is the most common cause of stroke with high morbidity, disability and mortality. Sirtuin-2 (Sirt2), a vitally important NAD+-dependent deacetylase which has been widely researched in central nervous system diseases, has also been identified as a promising treatment target using its specific inhibito...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.01.040
更新日期:2018-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Aging causes various functional changes, including cognitive impairment and inflammatory responses in the brain. Transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2), a Ca2+-permeable channel expressed abundantly in immune cells, exacerbates inflammatory responses. Previously, we reported that TRPM2 on resident microglia...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.04.012
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The rat brain and spinal cord have been mapped for Type II glucocorticoid receptor-like immunoreactivity in neurons and glia, using a monoclonal antibody, BUGR2, which recognizes an epitope close to the DNA-binding domain of the rat Type II receptor. The study revealed a widespread distribution of Type II-like immunor...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-4522(90)90244-x
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 belong to a family of highly conserved pattern recognition receptors and are well-known upstream sensors of signaling pathways of innate immunity. TLR2 and TLR4 upregulation is thought to be associated with poor outcome in stroke patients. We currently show that transient focal isc...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.01.014
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Flies acquire information about self-rotation via Coriolis forces detected by their moving halteres. Information processing in the haltere system was analysed by exploiting the method of simulating rotational stimuli by vibrating the fly's body and simultaneously observing compensatory head and wing reactions. Althoug...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-4522(94)90068-x
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Astrocytes perform several functions that are essential for normal neuronal activity. They play a critical role in neuronal survival during ischemia and other degenerative injuries and also modulate neuronal recovery by influencing neurite outgrowth. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of astroc...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.07.045
更新日期:2012-10-25 00:00:00
abstract::It has previously been reported that the avian H5N1 type of influenza A virus can be detected in neurons and astrocytes of human brains in autopsy cases. However, the underlying neuropathogenicity remains unexplored. In this study, we used differentiated human astrocytic and neuronal cell lines as models to examine th...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.04.013
更新日期:2010-07-14 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigated amphetamine-induced striatal dopamine release after intraventricular unilateral fetal mesencephalic grafts in otherwise intact rats. Dopamine was monitored in vivo by differential pulse voltammetry. In grafted animals, amphetamine-induced dopamine release was decreased compared to sham-grafted,...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(97)00236-4
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autophagy plays an essential role in neurodevelopment, axonal guidance, neuropathic pain remission, and neuronal survival. Inhibiting the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway can induce the occurrence of autophagy. In this study, we initially detected the effect of probucol on autophagy after spinal ...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.05.019
更新日期:2016-08-04 00:00:00
abstract::The morphochemical disposition of the adenylate cyclase-linked dopamine receptor (D1 type) in the rat striatum has been assessed at various time points after a neurotoxic lesion of the dopaminergic afferent pathway to the caudate nucleus. D1 receptor binding sites in the caudate nucleus were determined by in vitro aut...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-4522(89)90119-x
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cholinergic and glutamatergic cells in the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus are a principal source of excitatory input to midbrain dopamine neurons projecting to the striatum. Disruption of these brainstem inputs has been shown to respectively enhance and reduce psychostimulant and opiate self-administration in rats...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00595-4
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) are the final integrative units of the cerebellar network. The strongest single afferent to the DCN is formed by GABAergic Purkinje neuron axons whose synapses constitute the majority of all synapses in the DCN, with their action strongly regulating the intrinsic activity of their targ...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.07.060
更新日期:2008-10-15 00:00:00