Abstract:
:A glycoprotein, termed amphiregulin (AR), inhibits growth of several human carcinoma cells in culture and stimulates proliferation of human fibroblasts and certain other tumor cells. It has been purified to apparent homogeneity from serum-free conditioned medium of MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cells that had been treated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. AR is a single-chain extremely hydrophilic glycoprotein containing cysteines in disulfide linkage(s) that are essential for biological activity; it is stable between pH 2 and pH 12 and after heating for 30 min at 56 degrees C but unstable at 100 degrees C. The apparent molecular weights of AR and N-Glycanase-treated AR are 14,000 and 15,000, respectively, as assessed by gel chromatography, and approximately 22,500 and approximately 14,000, respectively, as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Treatment of AR with N-Glycanase, O-Glycanase, or neuraminidase does not affect its activity. The pI of AR is approximately 7.8. The amino-terminal amino acid sequence of AR has been determined, and no significant sequence homology between AR and other proteins was found. The molecule thus appears to be a distinct growth regulatory protein.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Shoyab M,McDonald VL,Bradley JG,Todaro GJdoi
10.1073/pnas.85.17.6528subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1988-09-01 00:00:00pages
6528-32issue
17eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
85pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Escherichia coli is a model laboratory bacterium, a species that is widely distributed in the environment, as well as a mutualist and pathogen in its human hosts. As such, E. coli represents an attractive organism to study how environment impacts microbial genome structure and function. Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) mu...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0600938103
更新日期:2006-04-11 00:00:00
abstract::Current theoretical models of the commons assert that common-pool resources can only be managed sustainably with clearly defined boundaries around both communities and the resources that they use. In these theoretical models, open access inevitably leads to a tragedy of the commons. However, in many open-access system...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1812028115
更新日期:2018-12-18 00:00:00
abstract::Albatrosses (Diomedeidae) do not occur in the North Atlantic Ocean today except as vagrants, although five species were present in the early Pliocene. No fossil breeding sites of albatrosses were known previously. The timing of extinction of albatrosses in the North Atlantic was likewise unknown. Deposits that formed ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1934576100
更新日期:2003-10-28 00:00:00
abstract::The neotropical Heliconius butterflies are famous examples of Müllerian mimicry, due to the diverse array of shared, brightly colored wing patterns that advertise the butterflies' unpalatability. The parallel geographical variation in these patterns within several widespread species has been invoked to support the con...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.14.6491
更新日期:1994-07-05 00:00:00
abstract::By using a structure-based computer-assisted search, we have found a butyrophenone derivative that is a selective inhibitor of the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) protease. The computer program creates a negative image of the active site cavity using the crystal structure of the HIV-1 protease. This image was c...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.17.6644
更新日期:1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prompted by the increasing interest in networks in many fields, we present an attempt at unifying points of view and analyses of these objects coming from the social sciences, statistics, probability and physics communities. We apply our approach to the Newman-Girvan modularity, widely used for "community" detection, ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0907096106
更新日期:2009-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::T cells react to extremely small numbers of activating agonist peptides. Spatial organization of T-cell receptors (TCR) and their peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) ligands into microclusters is correlated with T-cell activation. Here we have designed an experimental strategy that enables control over the...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1018771108
更新日期:2011-05-31 00:00:00
abstract::There is a high mortality in patients with diabetes and severe pressure ulcers. For example, chronic pressure sores of the heels often lead to limb loss in diabetic patients. A major factor underlying this is reduced neovascularization caused by impaired activity of the transcription factor hypoxia inducible factor-1 ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1413445112
更新日期:2015-01-06 00:00:00
abstract::Light-grown, wild type Euglena gracilis contains two aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases for both phenylalanine and isoleucine. Only one of the two synthetases for each amino acid is found in isolated chloroplasts, as are the light-induced phenylalanine and isoleucine tRNAs. In each case the light-induced chloroplast tRNAs can...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.67.3.1207
更新日期:1970-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cytoplasmic RNA extracted from human tissue culture cells infected with adenovirus type 2 was used to program protein synthesis in a cell-free system derived from mammalian cells. Analysis of the protein product by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed ten adenovirus-specific polypeptides. Five of these were fur...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.71.7.2756
更新日期:1974-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A cyclophilin (CyP) purified to homogeneity from the polycentric anaerobic rumen fungus Orpinomyces sp. strain PC-2 had a molecular mass of 20.5 kDa and a pI of 8.1. The protein catalyzed the isomerization of the prolyl peptide bond of N-succinyl-Ala-Ala-(cis,trans)-Pro-Phe p-nitroanilide with a kcat/Km value of 9.3 x...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.7.2587
更新日期:1995-03-28 00:00:00
abstract::As sensors, wireless communication devices, personal health monitoring systems, and autonomous microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) become distributed and smaller, there is an increasing demand for miniaturized integrated power sources. Although thin-film batteries are well-suited for on-chip integration, their energ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1423889112
更新日期:2015-05-26 00:00:00
abstract::The human renin gene was isolated from a Charon 4A human genomic library and characterized. The gene spans about 11.7 kilobases and consists of 10 exons and 9 introns that map at points that could be variable surface loops of the enzyme. The complete coding regions, the 5'- and 3'-flanking regions, and the exon-intron...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.81.19.5999
更新日期:1984-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sulfonated gallium(III) corroles are intensely fluorescent macrocyclic compounds that spontaneously assemble with carrier proteins to undergo cell entry. We report in vivo imaging and therapeutic efficacy of a tumor-targeted corrole noncovalently assembled with a heregulin-modified protein directed at the human epider...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0901531106
更新日期:2009-04-14 00:00:00
abstract::N6-methyladenosine (m6A) represents one of the most common RNA modifications in eukaryotes. Specific m6A writer, eraser, and reader proteins have been identified. As an m6A eraser, ALKBH5 specifically removes m6A from target mRNAs and inactivation of Alkbh5 leads to male infertility in mice. However, the underlying mo...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1717794115
更新日期:2018-01-09 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper, Vafa's approach to the formulation of conformal field theories is combined with the formal calculus developed in Frenkel, Lepowsky, and Meurman's work on the vertex operator construction of the Monster to give a geometric definition of vertex operator algebras. The main result announced is the equivalen...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.88.22.9964
更新日期:1991-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::The Tap protein mediates the sequence nonspecific nuclear export of cellular mRNAs as well as the sequence-specific export of retroviral mRNAs bearing the constitutive transport element (CTE). Previously, the structures of individual Tap subdomains, including ribonucleoprotein and leucine-rich repeat domains, have bee...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.042698599
更新日期:2002-02-19 00:00:00
abstract::Cell mechanics plays a role in stem cell reprogramming and differentiation. To understand this process better, we created a genetically encoded optical probe, named actin-cpstFRET-actin (AcpA), to report forces in actin in living cells in real time. We showed that stemness was associated with increased force in actin....
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1411683111
更新日期:2014-12-09 00:00:00
abstract::We partially purified a preparation from Escherichia coli that proteolytically degrades the enzyme glutamine synthetase [L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming), EC 6.3.1.2]. The degradation is at least a two-step process. First, the glutamine synthetase undergoes an oxidative modification. This modification leads to...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.78.4.2120
更新日期:1981-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We developed a helper-dependent adenoviral vector for cystic fibrosis lung gene therapy. The vector expresses cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (Cftr) using control elements from cytokeratin 18. The vector expressed properly localized CFTR in cultured cells and in the airway epithelia of mice. Cftr R...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2436478100
更新日期:2003-12-23 00:00:00
abstract::Claspin is a homolog of Mrc1, a checkpoint protein required for the DNA replication checkpoint in yeast. In Xenopus, phosphorylated Claspin binds to xChk1 and regulates xChk1 activation in response to replication stress. In this study, we have shown that the human homolog of Claspin is required for resistance to multi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0401847101
更新日期:2004-04-27 00:00:00
abstract::Neuropeptide B (NPB) and neuropeptide W (NPW) have been recently identified as ligands for the G protein-coupled receptor (GPR) 7 and GPR8. The precise in vivo role of this neuropeptide-receptor pathway has not been fully demonstrated. In this paper, we report that NPB-deficient mice manifest a mild adult-onset obesit...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0503795102
更新日期:2005-07-12 00:00:00
abstract::In yeast meiosis, crossing-over between homologues is dependent upon double-strand breaks. We demonstrate that the occurrence of these breaks is independent of pairing between homologues by showing that they occur with normal frequency, timing, and position in the absence of a homologue. This observation supports mode...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.25.11934
更新日期:1994-12-06 00:00:00
abstract::A transcript generated by the distal part of the Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) gene was initially detected in cells where the full size 14-kilobase (kb) messenger RNA is not found at a significant level. This transcript, approximately 4.5 kb long, corresponds to the cysteine-rich and carboxyl-terminal domains of d...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.16.7506
更新日期:1992-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Plants require metals for essential functions ranging from respiration to photosynthesis. These metals also contribute to the nutritional value of plants for both humans and livestock. Additionally, plants have the ability to accumulate nonessential metals such as cadmium and lead, and this ability could be harnessed ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.210214197
更新日期:2000-10-24 00:00:00
abstract::A fundamental property of ecosystems is a tradeoff between the number and size of habitats: as the number of habitats within a fixed area increases, the average area per habitat must decrease. This tradeoff is termed the "area-heterogeneity tradeoff." Theoretical models suggest that the reduction in habitat sizes unde...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1911540117
更新日期:2020-03-03 00:00:00
abstract::Apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites are common DNA lesions that arise from spontaneous depurination or by base excision repair (BER) of modified bases. A biotin-containing aldehyde-reactive probe (ARP) [Kubo, K., Ide, H., Wallace, S. S. & Kow, Y. W. (1992) Biochemistry 31, 3703-3708] is used to measure AP sites in living...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.97.2.686
更新日期:2000-01-18 00:00:00
abstract::Serum provides growth factors that regulate and limit the growth of normal cells in tissue culture. Animal cells that are malignantly transformed usually exhibit diminished serum requirements for growth in culture. We have used a defined, serum-free medium to determine which of these growth factors becomes dispensable...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.76.8.3937
更新日期:1979-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of selected heme analogues on heme oxygenase activity in tissues and on human and rabbit bone marrow hematopoietic colony growth were examined. Zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) and zinc mesoporphyrin (ZnMP), at concentrations ranging between 1 and 20 microM, produced significant inhibition of human and rabbit bo...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.4.1432
更新日期:1997-02-18 00:00:00
abstract::Water freezing on solid surfaces is ubiquitous in nature. Even though icing/frosting impairs the performance and safety in many processes, its mechanism remains inadequately understood. Changing atmospheric conditions, surface properties, the complexity of icing physics, and the unorthodox behavior of water are the pr...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1206121109
更新日期:2012-10-02 00:00:00