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Metabolomics-based analysis of miniature flask contents identifies tobacco mixture use among the ancient Maya.

Abstract：

:A particular type of miniature ceramic vessel locally known as "veneneras" is occasionally found during archaeological excavations in the Maya Area. To date, only one study of a collection of such containers successfully identified organic residues through coupled chromatography-mass spectrometry methods. That study identified traces of nicotine likely associated with tobacco. Here we present a more complete picture by analyzing a suite of possible complementary ingredients in tobacco mixtures across a collection of 14 miniature vessels. The collection includes four different vessel forms and allows for the comparison of specimens which had previously formed part of museum exhibitions with recently excavated, untreated containers. Archaeological samples were compared with fresh as well as cured reference materials from two different species of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum and N. rustica). In addition, we sampled six more plants which are linked to mind-altering practices through Mesoamerican ethnohistoric or ethnographic records. Analyses were conducted using UPLC-MS metabolomics-based analytical techniques, which significantly expand the possible detection of chemical compounds compared to previous biomarker-focused studies. Results include the detection of more than 9000 residual chemical features. We trace, for the first time, the presence of Mexican marigold (Tagetes lucida) in presumptive polydrug mixtures.

journal_name

Sci Rep

journal_title

Scientific reports

authors

Zimmermann M,Brownstein KJ,Pantoja Díaz L,Ancona Aragón I,Hutson S,Kidder B,Tushingham S,Gang DR

doi

10.1038/s41598-021-81158-y

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2021-01-15 00:00:00

pages

1590

issue

1

issn

2045-2322

pii

10.1038/s41598-021-81158-y

journal_volume

11

pub_type

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