Abstract：
:Psychedelic and stimulating phenethylamines belong to the family of new psychoactive substances (NPS). The acute toxicity framework has begun to be investigated, while studies showing genotoxic potential are very limited or not available. Therefore, in order to fill this gap, the aim of the present work was to evaluate the genotoxicity by treating TK6 cells with 2C-H, 2C-I, 2C-B, 25B-NBOMe, and the popular 3,4-Methylenedioxymethylamphetamine (MDMA). On the basis of cytotoxicity and cytostasis results, we selected the concentrations (6.25-35 µM) to be used in genotoxicity analysis. We used the micronucleus (MN) as indicator of genetic damage and analyzed the MNi frequency fold increase by an automated flow cytometric protocol. All substances, except MDMA, resulted genotoxic; therefore, we evaluated reactive oxygen species (ROS) induction as a possible mechanism at the basis of the demonstrated genotoxicity. The obtained results showed a statistically significant increase in ROS levels for all genotoxic phenethylamines confirming this hypothesis. Our results highlight the importance of genotoxicity evaluation for a complete assessment of the risk associated also with NPS exposure. Indeed, the subjects who do not have hazardous behaviors or require hospitalization by using active but still "safe" doses could run into genotoxicity and in the well-known long-term effects associated.
journal_name
Int J Mol Scijournal_title
International journal of molecular sciencesauthors
Cocchi V,Gasperini S,Hrelia P,Tirri M,Marti M,Lenzi Mdoi
10.3390/ijms21249616subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-12-17 00:00:00issue
24issn
1422-0067pii
ijms21249616journal_volume
21pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Bacteria generate membrane vesicles, which are structures known as extracellular vesicles (EVs), reported to be involved in different pathogenic mechanisms, as it has been demonstrated that EVs participate in biofilm formation, cell-to-cell communication, bacteria-host interactions, and nutrients supply. EVs deliver n...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20215307
更新日期：2019-10-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Growing evidence supports a role of vitamin D (VD) in reproductive health. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) is expressed in the ovary, endometrium, and myometrium. The biological actions of VD in fertility and reproductive tissues have been investigated but mainly using animal models. Conversely, the molecular data addressing...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms19082320
更新日期：2018-08-08 00:00:00
abstract：:Kynurenine aminotransferase isozymes (KATs 1-4) are members of the pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme family, which catalyse the permanent conversion of l-kynurenine (l-KYN) to kynurenic acid (KYNA), a known neuroactive agent. As KATs are found in the mammalian brain and have key roles in the kynurenine pat...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms17060946
更新日期：2016-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Exceptionally long-lived individuals (ELLI) who are the focus of many healthy longevity studies around the globe are now being studied in Israel. The Israeli Multi-Ethnic Centenarian Study (IMECS) cohort is utilized here for assessment of various DNA methylation clocks. Thorough phenotypic characterization and whole b...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21020615
更新日期：2020-01-17 00:00:00
abstract：:The interaction between programmed cell death protein (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) is one of the main pathways used by some tumors to escape the immune response. In recent years, immunotherapies based on the use of antibodies against PD-1/PD-L1 have been postulated as a great promise for cancer treatment, increasing ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms20092296
更新日期：2019-05-09 00:00:00
abstract：:Redox active selenium (Se) compounds have gained substantial attention in the last decade as potential cancer therapeutic agents. Several Se compounds have shown high selectivity and sensitivity against malignant cells. The cytotoxic effects are exerted by their biologically active metabolites, with methylselenol (CH₃...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms19102849
更新日期：2018-09-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Defensins are small and rather ubiquitous cysteine-rich anti-microbial peptides. These proteins may act against pathogenic microorganisms either directly (by binding and disrupting membranes) or indirectly (as signaling molecules that participate in the organization of the cellular defense). Even though defensins are ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21249380
更新日期：2020-12-09 00:00:00
abstract：:Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor featuring rapid cell proliferation, treatment resistance, and tumor relapse. This is largely due to the coexistence of heterogeneous tumor cell populations with different grades of differentiation, and in particular, to a small subset ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms20153824
更新日期：2019-08-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered as promising therapeutic agents for neurodegenerative disorders because they can reduce underlying pathology and also repair damaged tissues. Regarding the delivery of MSCs into the brain, intravenous and intra-arterial routes may be less feasible than intraparenchymal and ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21041272
更新日期：2020-02-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Flower development is a vital developmental process in the life cycle of woody perennials, especially fruit trees. Herein, we used transcriptomic, proteomic, and hormone analyses to investigate the key candidate genes/proteins in loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) at the stages of flower bud differentiation (FBD), floral bu...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21145107
更新日期：2020-07-20 00:00:00
abstract：:The growth arrest-specific transcript 5 (GAS5) is a >200-nt lncRNA molecule that regulates several cellular functions, including proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis, across different types of human cancers. Here, we reviewed the current literature on the expression of GAS5 in leukemia, cervical, breast, ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms21207633
更新日期：2020-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Chlorogenic (CA) and rosmarinic (RA) acids are two natural bioactive hydroxycinnamic acids whose antioxidant properties can be modulated by the chelation of metal ions. In this work, the interactions of these two carboxylic phenols with calcium ions and the impact of such interactions on their antioxidant activity wer...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21144948
更新日期：2020-07-13 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Although it has been previously demonstrated that acute inflammation can promote the tumor growth of a sub-tumorigenic dose of melanoma cells through of 5-lipoxygenase inflammatory pathway and its product leukotriene B4, and also that the peritumoral treatment with eicosapentaenoic acid and its product, leuk...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20153765
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent comparative studies have indicated distinct expression profiles of short, non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) in various types of cancer, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In this study, we employed a hybrid approach using Drosophila melanogaster as well as OSCC cell lines to validate putative targets of...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21197232
更新日期：2020-09-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Rho family GTPases belong to the Ras GTPase superfamily and transduce intracellular signals known to regulate a variety of cellular processes, including cell polarity, morphogenesis, migration, apoptosis, vesicle trafficking, viral transport and cellular transformation. The three best-characterized Rho family members ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms14047089
更新日期：2013-03-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), with isoforms ranging from 139 to 173 amino acids, has long been implicated in the development and regulation of multiple tissues, including that of the skeleton, via paracrine and autocrine signaling. PTHrP is also known as a potent mediator of cancer-induced bone disease,...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms20112814
更新日期：2019-06-08 00:00:00
abstract：:Polyphenolic compounds contained in cherry extract (CE) are well known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Unfortunately, most of these natural compounds have low oral bioavailability, reducing their widespread use. Here, different concentrations of polyphenol-rich CE from Tuscany (Italy), encapsul...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20071759
更新日期：2019-04-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Salmonella typhimurium cells were subjected to pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment at 25 kV/cm for 0-4 ms to investigate the effect of PEF on the cytoplasmic membrane lipids and oxidative injury of cells. Results indicated that PEF treatment induced a decrease of membrane fluidity of Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhi...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms17081374
更新日期：2016-08-22 00:00:00
abstract：:Chitosan nanoparticles (CS NPs) showed promising results in drug, vaccine and gene delivery for the treatment of various diseases. The considerable attention towards CS was owning to its outstanding biological properties, however, the main challenge in the application of CS NPs was faced during their size-controlled s...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20246212
更新日期：2019-12-09 00:00:00
abstract：:Sortase A (SrtA) is a membrane-associated enzyme that anchors surface-exposed proteins to the cell wall envelope of Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus. As SrtA is essential for Gram-positive bacterial pathogenesis but dispensable for microbial growth or viability, SrtA is considered a favorable targe...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21228601
更新日期：2020-11-14 00:00:00
abstract：:Intravenous administration of high-dose ascorbic acid (AA) has been reported as a treatment for cancer patients. However, cancer patients with renal failure cannot receive this therapy because high-dose AA infusion can have side effects. To solve this problem, we evaluated the antitumor activity of a lipophilic stable...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms19020535
更新日期：2018-02-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been tremendous carriers in both experimental and translational science. These vesicles-formerly regarded as artifacts of in vitro research-have a heterogeneous population of vesicles derived from virtually all eukaryotic cells. EVs consist of a bilayer lipid structure with a diameter...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms20235995
更新日期：2019-11-28 00:00:00
abstract：:The proteome of zygotic embryos of Acer platanoides L. was analyzed via high-resolution 2D-SDS-PAGE and MS/MS in order to: (1) identify significant physiological processes associated with embryo development; and (2) identify changes in the proteome of the embryo associated with the acquisition of seed dormancy. Sevent...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms150610868
更新日期：2014-06-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) confers cardioprotection in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Despite intense research, the translation of RIC into clinical practice remains a challenge. This may, at least partly, be due to confounding factors that may modify the efficacy of RIC. The...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms20133246
更新日期：2019-07-02 00:00:00
abstract：:The regeneration of dental tissues is a still an unmet clinical need; in fact, no therapies have been completely successful in regenerating dental tissue complexes such as periodontium, which is also due to the lack of scaffolds that are able to guide and direct cell fate towards the reconstruction of different minera...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms19113604
更新日期：2018-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) is an emerging pathogen frequently associated with acute diarrhea in children and travelers to endemic regions. EAEC was found the most prevalent bacterial diarrheal pathogen from hospitalized Bolivian children less than five years of age with acute diarrhea from 2007 to 2010....
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21249543
更新日期：2020-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Thioredoxin fold proteins (TFPs) form a family of diverse proteins involved in thiol/disulfide exchange in cells from all domains of life. Leptospirillum spp. are bioleaching bacteria naturally exposed to extreme conditions like acidic pH and high concentrations of metals that can contribute to the generation of react...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21051880
更新日期：2020-03-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Five 6,6'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine ligands bearing N-arylmethaniminyl substituents in the 4- and 4'-positions were prepared by Schiff base condensation in which the aryl group is Ph (1), 4-tolyl (2), 4- t BuC6H4 (3), 4-MeOC6H4 (4), and 4-Me2NC6H4 (5). The homoleptic copper(I...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21051735
更新日期：2020-03-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Chaetomium globosum is frequently isolated in water-damaged buildings and produces two mycotoxins called chaetoglobosins A and C when cultured on building material. In this study, the influence of ambient pH on the growth of C. globosum was examined on an artificial medium. This fungus was capable of growth on potato ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms9122357
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glioblastoma (GBM) is an extremely aggressive tumor of the central nervous system, with a prognosis of 12-15 months and just 3-5% of survival over 5 years. This is mainly because most patients suffer recurrence after treatment that currently consists in maximal resection followed by radio- and chemotherapy with temozo...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms20112746
更新日期：2019-06-04 00:00:00
