Abstract:
:The interaction between programmed cell death protein (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) is one of the main pathways used by some tumors to escape the immune response. In recent years, immunotherapies based on the use of antibodies against PD-1/PD-L1 have been postulated as a great promise for cancer treatment, increasing total survival compared to standard therapy in different tumors. Despite the hopefulness of these results, a significant percentage of patients do not respond to such therapy or will end up evolving toward a progressive disease. Besides their role in PD-L1 expression, altered protein kinases in tumor cells can limit the effectiveness of PD-1/PD-L1 blocking therapies at different levels. In this review, we describe the role of kinases that appear most frequently altered in tumor cells and that can be an impediment for the success of immunotherapies as well as the potential utility of protein kinase inhibitors to enhance the response to such treatments.
journal_name
Int J Mol Scijournal_title
International journal of molecular sciencesauthors
García-Aranda M,Redondo Mdoi
10.3390/ijms20092296subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-05-09 00:00:00issue
9issn
1422-0067pii
ijms20092296journal_volume
20pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Free fatty acids (FFAs) are cytotoxic to pancreatic islet β-cells and play a crucial role in the diabetes disease process. A recent study revealed a down-regulation of transcription factor 2 (TCF2) levels during FFA-mediated cytotoxicity in pancreatic β-cells. However, its function during this process and the underlyi...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms150813317
更新日期:2014-07-30 00:00:00
abstract::Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a difficult to treat disease due to the absence of the three unique receptors estrogen, progesterone and herceptin-2 (HER-2). To improve the current therapy and overcome the resistance of TNBC, there is unmet need to develop an effective targeted therapy. In this regard, one of ...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms19030838
更新日期:2018-03-13 00:00:00
abstract::The cause of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is still unknown, but there is growing evidence that environmental factors such as epigenetic changes can contribute to the disease etiology. The aim of this study was to identify newly hypermethylated genes in ulcerative colitis (UC) using a genome-wide DNA methylation ap...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms17081291
更新日期:2016-08-09 00:00:00
abstract::Two amantadine (ATD)-gardenamide A (GA) ligands have been designed and synthesized. The bonding of ATD with GA through a methylene carbonyl brigde (L1) enhances the neuroprotective effect against corticosterone (CORT)-induced impairments in PC12 cells; while the bonding through a succinyl brigde (L2) does not. L1 redu...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms160922795
更新日期:2015-09-21 00:00:00
abstract::Chondrocytes of the growth plate undergo apoptosis during the process of endochondral ossification, as well as during the progression of osteoarthritis. Although the regulation of this process is not completely understood, alterations in the precisely orchestrated programmed cell death during development can have cata...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms18030665
更新日期:2017-03-20 00:00:00
abstract::donor⁻acceptorDonor⁻acceptor⁻π⁻acceptor⁻donor (D1-A1-π-A2/A3-D2)-type small molecules, such TPA-MC-2 and TPA-MC-3, were designed and synthesized starting from donor-substituted alkynes (TPA-MC-1) via [2 + 2] cycloaddition-retroelectrocyclization reaction with tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) and 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimeth...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms20071621
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plants are able to synthesize all essential metabolites from minerals, water, and light to complete their life cycle. This plasticity comes at a high energy cost, and therefore, plants need to tightly allocate resources in order to control their economy. Being sessile, plants can only adapt to fluctuating environmenta...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms21082771
更新日期:2020-04-16 00:00:00
abstract::Genetic analysis of "InochinoIchi," an exceptionally large grain rice variety, was conducted through five continuous backcrosses with Koshihikari as a recurrent parent using the large grain F3 plant in Koshihikari × Inochinoichi as a nonrecurrent parent. Thorough the F2 and all BCnF2 generations, large, medium, and sm...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms20215442
更新日期:2019-10-31 00:00:00
abstract::To evaluate whether chronic cocaine abuse will increase cardiac Fas-dependent and mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathways, thirty-two male Wistar rats at 3-4 months of age were randomly divided into a vehicle-treated group (phosphate-buffered saline, PBS, 0.5 mL, SQ per day) and a cocaine-treated group (Cocaine, 10 ...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms15045988
更新日期:2014-04-09 00:00:00
abstract::Simultaneous imaging of multiple targets (SIMT) in opaque biological tissues is an important goal for molecular imaging in the future. Multi-color fluorescence imaging in deep tissues is a promising technology to reach this goal. In this work, we developed a dual-modality imaging system by combining our recently devel...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms18020323
更新日期:2017-02-04 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with atherogenic dyslipidemia. Our aim was firstly to investigate patterns of fatty acids (FA) composition through various stages of CKD, and secondly, to evaluate the effect of CKD-specific FA disturbances on the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism at a cellular ...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms20102470
更新日期:2019-05-18 00:00:00
abstract::The sugar beet monosomic addition line M14 is a unique germplasm that contains genetic materials from Beta vulgaris L. and Beta corolliflora Zoss, and shows tolerance to salt stress. Our study focuses on exploring the molecular mechanism of the salt tolerance of the sugar beet M14. In order to identify differentially ...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms18040847
更新日期:2017-04-18 00:00:00
abstract::Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is the second most frequent cancer in humans and it can be locally invasive and metastatic to distant sites. MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are endogenous, small, non-coding RNAs of 19-25 nucleotides in length, that are involved in regulating gene expression at a post-transcription...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms20092181
更新日期:2019-05-02 00:00:00
abstract::A correlation between gastrointestinal (GI) inflammation and gut hormones has reported that inflammatory stimuli including bacterial endotoxins, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 induces high levels of incretin hormone leading to glucose dysregulation. Although incretin hormones are immediately secreted...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms20102537
更新日期:2019-05-23 00:00:00
abstract::The TEAD family of transcription factors is necessary for developmental processes. The family members contain a TEA domain for the binding with DNA elements and a transactivation domain for the interaction with transcription coactivators. TEAD proteins are required for the participation of coactivators to transmit the...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms17010138
更新日期:2016-01-21 00:00:00
abstract::This study describes the simple synthesis of new (quinazolin-4-ylamino) methylphosphonates via microwave irradiation. Substituted-2-aminobenzonitrile reacted with 1,1-dimethoxy-N,N-dimethylmethanamine at a reflux condition to obtain N'-(substituted-2-cyanophenyl)-N,N-dimethylformamidine (1). The subsequent reaction of...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms13066730
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Modern antipsychotic drugs are employed increasingly in the treatment of mood disorders as well as psychoses, stimulating interest in their possible contributions to altering suicidal risk. Clozapine remains the only treatment with an FDA-recognized indication for reducing suicidal risk (in schizophrenia). We carried ...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms17101700
更新日期:2016-10-11 00:00:00
abstract::Psoriasis is widely regarded as a multifactorial condition which is caused by the interaction between inherited susceptibility alleles and environmental triggers. In the last decade, technological advances have enabled substantial progress in the understanding of disease genetics. Genome-wide association studies have ...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms18122526
更新日期:2017-11-25 00:00:00
abstract::Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a well-known carcinogen formed during the cooking process. Although BaP exposure has been implicated as one of the risk factors for lung cancer in animals and humans, there are only limited data on BaP-induced gastrointestinal cancer. Therefore, this study investigated the protective effects of...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms20225533
更新日期:2019-11-06 00:00:00
abstract::miRNAs are small noncoding RNAs capable of regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. A growing body of evidence demonstrated that let-7 family of miRNAs, as one of the highly conserved miRNAs, plays an important role in cell differentiation and development, as well as tumor suppressor function depe...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms151019119
更新日期:2014-10-21 00:00:00
abstract::Various strategies have been employed to speed tissue regeneration using bioactive molecules. Interestingly, platelet concentrates derived from a patient's own blood have been utilized as a regenerative strategy in recent years. In the present study, a novel liquid platelet formulation prepared without the use of anti...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms18020331
更新日期:2017-02-04 00:00:00
abstract::MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded, endogenous RNA molecules that play a significant role in the regulation of gene expression as well as cell development, differentiation, and function. Recent data suggest that these small molecules are responsible for the regulation of immune responses. Therefore, they may act a...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms21062076
更新日期:2020-03-18 00:00:00
abstract::Marine sponges remain representative of a unique source of renewable biological materials. The demosponges of the family Ianthellidae possess chitin-based skeletons with high biomimetic potential. These three-dimensional (3D) constructs can potentially be used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In this s...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms20205105
更新日期:2019-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Multifactorial metabolic diseases, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, are a major burden to modern societies, and frequently present with no clearly defined molecular biomarkers. Herein we used system medicine approaches to decipher signatures of liver fibrosis in mouse models with malfunction in genes from un...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms22020832
更新日期:2021-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::The term "pharmacological chaperone" was introduced 20 years ago. Since then the approach with this type of drug has been proposed for several diseases, lysosomal storage disorders representing the most popular targets. The hallmark of a pharmacological chaperone is its ability to bind a protein specifically and stabi...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms21020489
更新日期:2020-01-13 00:00:00
abstract::Specific breast cancer (BC) subtypes are associated with bad prognoses due to the absence of successful treatment plans. The triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype, with estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR) and human epidermal growth factor-2 (HER2) negative receptor status, is a clinical challenge for oncologists, ...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms21176337
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::RNA isolated from fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues is widely used in biomedical research and molecular pathology for diagnosis. In the present study, we have set-up a method based on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to investigate the effects of different fixatives on RNA. By the application of the pre...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms21207540
更新日期:2020-10-13 00:00:00
abstract::Amyloidosis refers to aggregates of protein that accumulate and are deposited as amyloid fibrils into plaques. When these are detected in organs, they are the main hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and other related diseases. Recent medical advances have shown that many precursors and proteins can ...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms21061978
更新日期:2020-03-13 00:00:00
abstract::Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumour in children and adolescents. Due to micrometastatic spread, radical surgery alone rarely results in cure. Introduction of combination chemotherapy in the 1970s, however, dramatically increased overall survival rates from 20% to approximately 70%. Unfortunat...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms21186885
更新日期:2020-09-19 00:00:00
abstract::Polo-like kinase 1, an important enzyme with diverse biological actions in cell mitosis, is a promising target for developing novel anticancer drugs. A combined molecular docking, structure-based pharmacophore modeling and three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) study was performed on ...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms12128713
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00