Abstract：
:Reproductive surrogacy can be altruistic or commercial, each with complex ethical considerations that are complicated by heterogeneity in governing laws across jurisdictions. Surrogacy in Ireland is relatively new and largely unregulated, so this review aims to elucidate its current regulatory status and associated ethical issues. AIMS: On reproductive surrogacy from an Irish legal perspective, to: 1. Illustrate the lack of established legislation 2. Describe draft statute 3. Demonstrate the inadequacy of current non-statutory regulation 4. Examine European and Irish Constitutional Law 5. Exhibit challenges in case law for parenthood: i. The lack of recognition of intent to conceive compared to non-Irish jurisdictions ii. The lack of recognition of international surrogacy iii. The lack of procedures to transfer legal parenthood iv. The legal/medical/religious/socioeconomic consequences of 5] i, ii, iii On reproductive surrogacy from an Irish ethical perspective, to: 6. Analyse ethical issues in altruistic surrogacy 7. Evaluate ethical issues specific to commercial surrogacy: i. Financial and emotional exploitation ii. Commodification of children and women's bodies iii. Child welfare iv. Healthcare inequality CONCLUSION: Irish reproductive surrogacy exists in a legislative vacuum and is poorly governed by non-statutory regulation. However, Ireland is free to draft laws aligned with modern societal views on reproduction, which is especially relevant given the recent legalisation of same-sex marriage. Ethically, carrying mothers and children are vulnerable, particularly in commercial arrangements, with significant financial disparities between commissioning and surrogate parties. Altruistic arrangements can be a boon to Irish society if supported by public education and appropriate legal frameworks.
journal_name
Ir J Med Scijournal_title
Irish journal of medical scienceauthors
Gracias CSdoi
10.1007/s11845-020-02402-4subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-10-31 00:00:00eissn
0021-1265issn
1863-4362pii
10.1007/s11845-020-02402-4pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Ossifying fibromyxoid tumour of soft parts (OFMT) is a recently described soft tissue tumour. Although rare it deserves recognition as a locally invasive but essentially benign neoplasm. Prior to its description in 1989 by Enzinger, ossifying fibromyxoid tumours of soft parts were classified as a wide variety of lesio...
journal_title：Irish journal of medical science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02943588
更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Constrictor responses of the isolated perfused rabbit ear artery to electrical stimulation and to intraluminally applied noradrenaline and histamine have been studied before and after addition to the perfusate of the anticholinesterases neostigmine and physostigmine. 2. Both neostigmine (6×10(-5)-2.4×10(-4) mol/l) ...
journal_title：Irish journal of medical science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02939056
更新日期：1975-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Injuries to the cervical spine (C-spine) are among the most serious in rugby and are well documented. Front-row players are particularly at risk due to repetitive high-intensity collisions in the scrum. AIM:This study evaluates degenerative changes of the C-spine and associated symptomatology in front-row r...
journal_title：Irish journal of medical science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11845-009-0432-3
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:von Willebrand's disease (vWD) is the commonest inherited bleeding disorder in man with an estimated incidence of 1 per thousand of the population. Acquired von Willebrand's disease (AvWD) is rare with less than 70 cases reported. AvWD is usually associated with autoimmune or clonal proliferation disorders and whilst ...
journal_title：Irish journal of medical science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02937942
更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Despite Ireland's temperate maritime climate, it has the third highest rate of malignant melanoma in the European Union, indicating the need to recognise tanning practices as a risky behaviour, especially amongst those most at risk (the younger population). AIM:To explore the factors associated with deliber...
journal_title：Irish journal of medical science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11845-015-1389-z
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Multiple primary neoplasms, a common clinical entity, can be classified as synchronous or metachronous. Renal cell carcinoma, in particular, is associated with a high rate of multiple primary neoplasms. METHODS:We report a case of a 67-year-old Caucasian woman, who was admitted with history of bleeding per ...
journal_title：Irish journal of medical science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11845-009-0298-4
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Surgery for perforated peptic ulcer disease is one of the most common emergency procedures carried out in the western world. The role of postoperative empiric Helicobacter Pylori eradication therapy is controversial. METHODS:The clinical, operative and postoperative surveillance details of 84 consecutive pa...
journal_title：Irish journal of medical science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF03167950
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Circumcision is one of the world's most common operations. Series describing a new technique involving the use of fibrin-based glue have become more apparent in the literature. Here we outline the first 100 such cases for 62 children and 38 adults in our practice describing complications and learning curve. ...
journal_title：Irish journal of medical science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11845-010-0545-8
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous studies have shown that up to 40 per cent of patients have symptoms after cholecystectomy or laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). There are concerns, however, that these symptoms reflect those of the general population and are not a specific post-operative phenomenon. Abdominal symptoms of 212 patients followin...
journal_title：Irish journal of medical science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02937544
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Factors which can account for the poor correlation between whole blood and plasma Cyclosporine (CsA) levels in patients on CsA prophylaxis are evaluated. The study took account of the influence of plasma separation procedures, and the sample haematocrit on CsA distribution in the blood of renal transplant patients (n ...
journal_title：Irish journal of medical science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02993609
更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:We describe a case report and technique for using an ultrasound scanner and a linear transducer to guide serratus posterior superior (SPS) muscle injection. A 43-year-old female presented with chronic pain centered under the right upper portion of her scapula impacting her activities of daily living. METH...
journal_title：Irish journal of medical science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11845-015-1336-z
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nineteen patients underwent one stage surgical management of infected hip prostheses over a five year period. Thirteen were male and six were female. The mean age was 64 years (Range 49-82). The mean time interval between primary and revision surgery was 26 months (Range 6 months-16 years). One stage re-implantation w...
journal_title：Irish journal of medical science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02942793
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Little is known about the economic impact of diabetic foot ulceration in the Irish healthcare setting. AIM:Audit of diabetic foot ulcer admissions in St James's Hospital between April 2001 and March 2002. METHODS:Hospital charts were reviewed and costs were calculated on the length of patients' hospital st...
journal_title：Irish journal of medical science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02914564
更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The majority of patients presenting with oesophageal cancer have symptoms for more than three months and advanced disease at presentation. Most appear unaware of the significance of dysphagia as a symptom. Cancer awareness programmes focus on symptoms such as lumps and bleeding. AIM:To sample the level of p...
journal_title：Irish journal of medical science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF03167788
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Injecting drug use is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. This is the first longitudinal study of a community-based population of injecting drug users (IDUs) in the Republic of Ireland. AIM:To establish the natural history of IDUs in a deprived Dublin community. METHODS:Eighty-two IDUs (hero...
journal_title：Irish journal of medical science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11845-012-0814-9
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Wound botulism occurs as a consequence of inoculation of Clostridium botulinum spores into a wound. AIM:To describe such a case of wound botulism. RESULTS:A 23-year-old drug-injecting user presented with bulbar symptoms and progressive signs over a three-day period. The diagnosis of botulism was suspected ...
journal_title：Irish journal of medical science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02914502
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:In Europe, adverse drug reactions and drug interactions are the cause of considerable morbidity and mortality. In over 75s, hospital access due to adverse drug reactions can be as high as 1 in every 3. AIMS:To assess the quality of the prescribed polytherapies in the territory, in terms of the risk of drug ...
journal_title：Irish journal of medical science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11845-019-02148-8
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Pneumococcal disease, especially in its invasive form, is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, with the advent of vaccination, invasive disease is potentially avoidable. This study aimed to assess the documentation of pneumococcal vaccination status in elderly patients by health...
journal_title：Irish journal of medical science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11845-013-0919-9
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One hundred and forty-nine renal transplant patients attending 2 centres in Dublin were examined. Twelve patients (8.1%) were found to have cutaneous malignancy while dysplastic lesions (premalignant and/or malignant) were identified in 34 (22.8%). The prevalence of cutaneous malignancy in this study is substantially ...
journal_title：Irish journal of medical science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02983762
更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Traditionally, carboplatin dosage is based on the Calvert formula. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and creatinine clearance (CrCl) are often used interchangeably in this formula. The modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) equation is now routinely available to estimate GFR (eGFR). METHODS:We performe...
journal_title：Irish journal of medical science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11845-008-0250-z
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Although laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) is considered to be minimally invasive compared with open appendectomy (OA), there are few studies showing this in terms of cytokines and oxidative stress markers. AIM:LA and OA techniques have been compared in terms of different conditions such as operation time and ...
journal_title：Irish journal of medical science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11845-020-02317-0
更新日期：2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Although neck pain is common in patients with chronic rheumatic disorders, any change in the quality or severity of pain should be further investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS:We report two patients who recently presented with increasing neck pain on a background of chronic inflammatory arthritis. RESULTS...
journal_title：Irish journal of medical science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11845-008-0256-6
更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:A congenital diaphragmatic hernia (Bochdalek's hernia) rarely presents in adulthood. CASE PRESENTATION:We present the case of a 21-year-old woman with thrombocytopenia secondary to hypersplenism due to left-sided (sinistral) portal hypertension. This portal hypertension was caused by strangulation of the sp...
journal_title：Irish journal of medical science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11845-008-0140-4
更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Bibliometrics is the statistical analysis of written publications. Bibliometric analyses have been performed across a range of biomedical disciplines. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive qualitative and quantitative analysis of Irish urology and nephrology research and to analyse how this ...
journal_title：Irish journal of medical science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11845-016-1485-8
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Glycodelin plays an important role in normal and abnormal reproductive growth. The in vitro properties of glycodelin have been studied in K562 cells. The role of glycodelin in vivo in the peripheral circulation has not been determined. AIM:To determine if circulating leukocytes in normal subjects express th...
journal_title：Irish journal of medical science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11845-007-0019-9
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:We report the first case of cancer of the urachal remnant following repair of bladder exstrophy, in a renal transplant recipient. METHOD:A retrospective review of this clinical case and the associated literature were performed. CONCLUSION:This unusual case highlights two very rare entities. Bladder exstr...
journal_title：Irish journal of medical science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11845-009-0310-z
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Elective and emergent coronary interventions via transradial access (TRA) are been used increasingly as they carry a reduced risk of complications. Percutaneous coronary intervention via TRA may lead to radial artery spasms (RAS) that may result in prolonged procedure time, cross-over of access site, and other complic...
journal_title：Irish journal of medical science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11845-020-02203-9
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Rapid Access Prostate Clinics (RAPC) were introduced in Ireland by the National Cancer Control Programme bringing about expedited referral pathways and increased detection rates of prostate cancer. Lower Gleason (G) grade at diagnosis due to RAPC has been previously reported but grade at prostatectomy has ...
journal_title：Irish journal of medical science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11845-017-1583-2
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:There is no agreeing if rescue therapy can avoid short-term colectomy in patients treated for severe steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis. AIMS:The aim of our study was to identify predictors of response to infliximab and cyclosporine A. METHODS:In this cross-sectional study, 49 patients with severe ulcer...
journal_title：Irish journal of medical science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11845-017-1666-0
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Direct Antibiotic Sensitivity Testing (DST) is a rapid means of diagnosing urinary tract infection (UTI) and obtaining antibiotic sensitivity patterns of the infecting organisms. In this study 227 urine samples from general practice were analysed using this technique with those obtained using the standard laboratory m...
journal_title：Irish journal of medical science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02937439
更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00
