Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Injecting drug use is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. This is the first longitudinal study of a community-based population of injecting drug users (IDUs) in the Republic of Ireland. AIM:To establish the natural history of IDUs in a deprived Dublin community. METHODS:Eighty-two IDUs (heroin) were recruited over the summer months of 1985. The prevalence of drug use in this district electoral area was established in 1985 and followed-up over a 25-year period with two formal interviews in 1995 and 2010. RESULTS:It is a descriptive study of a cohort of IDUs established in 1985 prior to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing being available. The majority of the cohort recruited included single, unemployed males aged 20 to 29 years, who had served a prison sentence. Fifty-one (63 %) of the cohort had died by 2010, of which 26 were attributed to HIV disease. The mean age of death was 35.9 years of age (standard deviation 4.1 years). Fifty-two (63 %) of the cohort tested positive for HIV and 58 (71 %) for hepatitis B between 1985 and 2010. The median survival time for those with a positive HIV status was 17 years (95 % CI 14.0-20.0) and for those with a positive hepatitis C status, 21 years (95 % CI 15.5-26.5). CONCLUSIONS:The lifestyle of IDUs, as demonstrated by the experience of this cohort, has hazardous consequences resulting in high levels of morbidity and mortality. A relatively stable picture of HIV associated with IDUs is now emerging in Ireland, as is the case throughout most of the EU. HIV is a more manageable chronic disease, posing challenges for primary care in its treatment of former and existing IDUs who are ageing and now have other chronic diseases.
journal_name
Ir J Med Scijournal_title
Irish journal of medical scienceauthors
O'Kelly FD,O'Kelly CMdoi
10.1007/s11845-012-0814-9subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-12-01 00:00:00pages
541-8issue
4eissn
0021-1265issn
1863-4362journal_volume
181pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is associated with variable predisposing risk factors including preeclampsia and eclampsia since it proposed. However, studies of large case series focusing on pregnancy-related PRES are still limited. We performed a large retrospective study of patients wi...
journal_title:Irish journal of medical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11845-017-1567-2
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::STRIPS of bovine tracheal smooth muscle were subjected to changes in the gas tensions of the Krebs solution bathing them. Contractions were produced by 50 Hz sine-wave electrical field stimulation, either in single bursts, or repetitively throughout the experiment.Hypoxia (Po2 99, 55 or 22 mm Hg, pH 7.4) decreased the...
journal_title:Irish journal of medical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02939006
更新日期:1975-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Extrahepatic Portal Hypertension (EPH) is defined as extrahepatic hypertension of the portal venous system in the absence of liver cirrhosis. Isolated splenic vein stenosis/occlusion as one of the causes of extrahepatic portal hypertension is uncommon, comprising less than 5 % of all cases of portal hypert...
journal_title:Irish journal of medical science
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11845-016-1420-z
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In Europe, adverse drug reactions and drug interactions are the cause of considerable morbidity and mortality. In over 75s, hospital access due to adverse drug reactions can be as high as 1 in every 3. AIMS:To assess the quality of the prescribed polytherapies in the territory, in terms of the risk of drug ...
journal_title:Irish journal of medical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11845-019-02148-8
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Laparoscopic techniques are increasingly used in common surgical procedures. Many of these procedures are used to teach basic surgical trainees (BST) and therefore introduction of these techniques may have implications for training. AIMS:To establish whether the introduction of laparoscopic techniques reduc...
journal_title:Irish journal of medical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02914782
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Rapid Access Prostate Clinics (RAPC) were introduced in Ireland by the National Cancer Control Programme bringing about expedited referral pathways and increased detection rates of prostate cancer. Lower Gleason (G) grade at diagnosis due to RAPC has been previously reported but grade at prostatectomy has ...
journal_title:Irish journal of medical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11845-017-1583-2
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::One hundred and forty-nine renal transplant patients attending 2 centres in Dublin were examined. Twelve patients (8.1%) were found to have cutaneous malignancy while dysplastic lesions (premalignant and/or malignant) were identified in 34 (22.8%). The prevalence of cutaneous malignancy in this study is substantially ...
journal_title:Irish journal of medical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02983762
更新日期:1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The evaluation of fetal health using ultrasound to establish a biophysical profile in the Rotunda Hospital in 1987 is reported. The corrected perinatal mortality rate fell from 10.0 in 1986 to 6.9 per 1,000 for babies over 500g and from 5.9 in 1986 to 3.4 for babies over 1,000g. This was achieved without significant a...
journal_title:Irish journal of medical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02984636
更新日期:1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Pituitary tuberculosis is an uncommon cause of sellar mass [1]; the estimated prevalence worldwide is not known, and there have been no reports of the condition occurring in Ireland. Tuberculosis of the pituitary gland may present as a sellar mass or with symptoms of hypopituitarism. CASE PRESENTATION:A 4...
journal_title:Irish journal of medical science
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11845-017-1654-4
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A bioassay method for measuring parathyroid hormone (PTH) and other substances that influence bone metabolism is described. Monolayers of bone cells are culturedin vitro, then treated with the test material. Biological activity is determined by measuring the resulting rise in bone-cell adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (c...
journal_title:Irish journal of medical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02938966
更新日期:1976-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study is designed to explore the effect of paricalcitol (vitamin D receptor agonist) on pancreatic oxidative stress, inflammatory markers, and adiponectin and glycemic status in diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Forty Sprague-Dawley male rats aged 10-12 weeks (150-250 g) were used in this study. Typ...
journal_title:Irish journal of medical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11845-017-1635-7
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The medical elective is a common component of undergraduate medical education in the UK and Ireland. These are often undertaken in varied hospitals and countries across the world, most of which are not related to their parent institutions, in order to explore specialties and regions of interest. However ex...
journal_title:Irish journal of medical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11845-018-1919-6
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over a four year period, 20 segments in 16 patients were treated by lengthening by callotasis or chondrodiastasis. The indications for treatment were leg length discrepancy in 13 patients and short stature in three. Patients with leg length discrepancy were all treated by femoral lengthening; the mean length gained wa...
journal_title:Irish journal of medical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02960724
更新日期:1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Laparoscopy has been described as being safe and effective in the diagnosis and treatment of Meckel's Diverticulum. We describe the use of laparoscopy in the diagnosis and resection of a Meckel's diverticulum in a 13 year old girl. ...
journal_title:Irish journal of medical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02942803
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reproductive surrogacy can be altruistic or commercial, each with complex ethical considerations that are complicated by heterogeneity in governing laws across jurisdictions. Surrogacy in Ireland is relatively new and largely unregulated, so this review aims to elucidate its current regulatory status and associated et...
journal_title:Irish journal of medical science
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11845-020-02402-4
更新日期:2020-10-31 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:We report a case of a giant diverticulum of the sigmoid colon presenting as a mass in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen in an elderly man. METHODS:This report highlights a rare complication of diverticular disease. At operation, the giant cyst was situated in the supracolic compartment of the abdomen. The man...
journal_title:Irish journal of medical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11845-007-0090-2
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The Health Service Executive introduced a generic prescription policy to reduce costs. Despite this, generic prescription rates remain low. AIM:To audit in-patient prescription practice in a single surgical department and identify potential savings which could be realised by adherence to the generic prescri...
journal_title:Irish journal of medical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11845-013-0900-7
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies have shown that up to 40 per cent of patients have symptoms after cholecystectomy or laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). There are concerns, however, that these symptoms reflect those of the general population and are not a specific post-operative phenomenon. Abdominal symptoms of 212 patients followin...
journal_title:Irish journal of medical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02937544
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There have been many changes in number and place of trocars that have been described, since the first laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), but, in fact, all authors agree that laparoscopic procedure is accepted as gold standard. However, four trocars use in standard laparoscopic cholecystectomy, it has been ar...
journal_title:Irish journal of medical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11845-016-1493-8
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study assessed the ability of biochemical tests and ultrasound to predict the presence of ductal calculi, and thereby refine the indications for ERCP, in patients before or after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Thirteen of fifty-three patients investigated before laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and four of seventeen ...
journal_title:Irish journal of medical science
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF03022585
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Changes in endothelial cell (EC) morphology occur at sites of physiological lymphocyte traffic and in areas of chronic inflammation. Previous studies have shown that EC shape changes also occur in vitro following exposure of EC monolayers to peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-derived conditioned media (CM). In t...
journal_title:Irish journal of medical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02942828
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Approximately one-third of patients with Crohn's disease have a distinct fibrostenosing phenotype predisposing them to recurrent intestinal stricture formation. The intestinal fibroblast was thought to play a critical role in the abnormal wound healing which ends in stricture formation. Recognising this, a laboratory-...
journal_title:Irish journal of medical science
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11845-018-1850-x
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mesenteric venous thrombosis, "the great mimicker", is a very rare disorder in pregnancy and the puerperium, particularly when not associated with any pre-existing thrombophilia or autoimmune states. We describe a patient requiring a resection of 150 cm of gangrenous small bowel after uncomplicated elective Caesarean ...
journal_title:Irish journal of medical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02945845
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A study is presented of the skin manifestations of 30 patients, 25 females and 5 males, with systemic lupus erythematosus (S.L.E.) admitted to this hospital over a two year period. Their ages ranged from 20 years to 75 years. The diagnosis of S.L.E. was made according to the criteria laid down for the diagnosis of S.L...
journal_title:Irish journal of medical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02938956
更新日期:1976-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Post-traumatic hypopituitarism (PTHP) is an important and relatively common complication of TBI (traumatic brain injury). A number of studies have shown that this clinical phenomenon can occur soon after TBI (acute) or later in the chronic phase. Patients with moderate to severe TBI are at a particular risk of develop...
journal_title:Irish journal of medical science
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11845-019-02007-6
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The apolipoprotein (Apo) E gene, and thus its gene product, plays a central and pervasive role in lipid metabolism by serving as a ligand for lipoprotein receptors. Polymorphisms of this gene have been associated with variation in lipid phenotypes in some Caucasian and Asian populations, but not in others. N...
journal_title:Irish journal of medical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF03170486
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In patients presenting with rapidly progressive dementia, prion disease may enter the differential diagnosis. The commonest malignancies masquerading as prion disease are primary CNS lymphoma and intravascular large B-cell lymphoma, both rare and difficult to diagnose without brain biopsy. CASE PRESENTATION...
journal_title:Irish journal of medical science
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11845-017-1653-5
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:Many studies have suggested Cytomegalovirus infection might be implicated in steroid-refractory inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), in which situation management is extremely difficult. CMV infection being a potential cause of IBD have drawn great attention of clinicians, with insufficient evidence to reach conclusi...
journal_title:Irish journal of medical science
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1007/s11845-018-1752-y
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In recent decades the management of acute appendicitis has evolved significantly. Improved access to early imaging and better clinical scoring algorithms have resulted in less negative appendicectomy rates. In addition, non-operative management has become increasingly utilized. The aim of this study was to a...
journal_title:Irish journal of medical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11845-020-02349-6
更新日期:2020-08-27 00:00:00
abstract::Direct Antibiotic Sensitivity Testing (DST) is a rapid means of diagnosing urinary tract infection (UTI) and obtaining antibiotic sensitivity patterns of the infecting organisms. In this study 227 urine samples from general practice were analysed using this technique with those obtained using the standard laboratory m...
journal_title:Irish journal of medical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02937439
更新日期:1990-04-01 00:00:00