Abstract:
:Blue mould, caused primarily by Penicillium expansum, is a major threat to the global pome fruit industry, causing multimillion-dollar losses annually. The blue mould fungus negatively affects fruit quality, thereby reducing fresh fruit consumption, and significantly contributes to food loss. P. expansum also produces an array of mycotoxins that are detrimental to human health. Management options are limited and the emergence of fungicide-resistant Penicillium spp. makes disease management difficult, therefore new approaches and tools are needed to combat blue mould in storage. This species profile comprises a comprehensive literature review of this aggressive pathogen associated with pomes (apple, pear, quince), focusing on biology, mechanisms of disease, control, genomics, and the newest developments in disease management. TAXONOMY:Penicillium expansum Link 1809. Domain Eukaryota, Kingdom Fungi, Phylum Ascomycota, Subphylum Pezizomycotina, Class Eurotiomycetes, Subclass: Eurotiomycetidae, Order Eurotiales; Family Trichocomaceae, Genus Penicillium, Species expansum. BIOLOGY:A wide host range necrotrophic postharvest pathogen that requires a wound (e.g., stem pull, punctures, bruises, shoulder cracks) or natural openings (e.g., lenticel, stem end, calyx sinus) to gain ingress and infect. TOXINS:Patulin, citrinin, chaetoglobosins, communesins, roquefortine C, expansolides A and B, ochratoxin A, penitrem A, rubratoxin B, and penicillic acid. HOST RANGE:Primarily apples, European pear, Asian pear, medlar, and quince. Blue mould has also been reported on stone fruits (cherry, plum, peach), small fruits (grape, strawberry, kiwi), and hazel nut. DISEASE SYMPTOMS:Blue mould initially appears as light tan to dark brown circular lesions with a defined margin between the decayed and healthy tissues. The decayed tissue is soft and watery, and blue-green spore masses appear on the decayed area, starting at the infection site and radiating outward as the decayed area ages. DISEASE CONTROL:Preharvest fungicides with postharvest activity and postharvest fungicides are primarily used to control decay. Orchard and packinghouse sanitation methods are also critical components of an integrated pest management strategy. USEFUL WEBSITES:Penn State Tree Fruit Production Guide (https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit), Washington State Comprehensive Tree Fruit (http://treefruit.wsu.edu/crop-protection/disease-management/blue-mold/), The Apple Rot Doctor (https://waynejurick.wixsite.com/applerotdr), penicillium expansum genome sequences and resources (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/browse/#!/eukaryotes/11336/).
journal_name
Mol Plant Patholjournal_title
Molecular plant pathologyauthors
Luciano-Rosario D,Keller NP,Jurick WM 2nddoi
10.1111/mpp.12990subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-11-01 00:00:00pages
1391-1404issue
11eissn
1464-6722issn
1364-3703journal_volume
21pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The two-component signal transduction system PhoBR regulates the adaptation to phosphate limitation and the virulence of many animal bacterial pathogens. However, PhoBR in phytopathogens has rarely been investigated. In this study, we found that PhoBR in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), the pathogen of rice bacter...
journal_title:Molecular plant pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/mpp.12680
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Salicylic acid (SA), an essential secondary messenger for plant defence responses, plays a role in maintaining a balance (trade-off) between plant growth and resistance induction, but the detailed mechanism has not been explored. Because the SA mimic benzothiadiazole (BTH) is a more stable inducer of plant defence tha...
journal_title:Molecular plant pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/mpp.12906
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is hypothesized that the virulence of phytopathogenic fungi is mediated through the secretion of small effector proteins that interfere with the defence responses of the host plant. In Fusarium oxysporum, one family of effectors, the Secreted In Xylem (SIX) genes, has been identified. We sought to characterize the ...
journal_title:Molecular plant pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/mpp.12594
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are triggers of defence responses in plants, and induce local as well as systemic acquired resistance. Arabidopsis thaliana plants pretreated with LPS show an increased resistance to the virulent bacterial plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. To investigate the mob...
journal_title:Molecular plant pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1364-3703.2010.00638.x
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The fungal cereal pathogen Fusarium graminearum produces deoxynivalenol (DON) during infection. The mycotoxin DON is associated with Fusarium head blight (FHB), a disease that can cause vast grain losses. Whilst investigating the suitability of Brachypodium distachyon as a model for spreading resistance to F. graminea...
journal_title:Molecular plant pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/mpp.12203
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::To survive, plants possess elaborate defence mechanisms to protect themselves against virus or pathogen invasion. Recent studies have suggested that plant mitochondria may play an important role in host defence responses to biotic stresses. In contrast with animal mitochondria, plant mitochondria possess a unique resp...
journal_title:Molecular plant pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1364-3703.2010.00615.x
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:TAXONOMY:Superkingdom Eukaryota; Kingdom Metazoa; Phylum Nematoda; Class Chromadorea; Order Rhabditida; Suborder Tylenchina; Infraorder Tylenchomorpha; Superfamily Tylenchoidea; Family Pratylenchidae; Subfamily Radopholinae; Genus Radopholus. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:Microscopic unsegmented worm; migratory endoparasite of ...
journal_title:Molecular plant pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1364-3703.2010.00614.x
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::SUMMARY Recent studies have shown that resistance in several dicotyledonous plants to viruses in the genus Potyvirus is controlled by recessive alleles of the plant translation initiation factor eIF4E or eIF(iso)4E genes. Here we provide evidence that the barley rym4 gene locus, controlling immunity to viruses in the ...
journal_title:Molecular plant pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1364-3703.2005.00294.x
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::SUMMARY It is becoming increasingly evident that a plant-pathogen interaction may be compared to an open warfare, whose major weapons are proteins synthesized by both organisms. These weapons were gradually developed in what must have been a multimillion-year evolutionary game of ping-pong. The outcome of each battle ...
journal_title:Molecular plant pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1364-3703.2007.00419.x
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using simple sequence repeat (SSR) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) marker analyses, the genetic structure of selected South African wheat stem rust races was compared with Ug99. SSR analysis divided the population into two distinct groups with 24.5% similarity between them. A local race, UVPgt55 (Nor...
journal_title:Molecular plant pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1364-3703.2008.00525.x
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 3'-terminal, 77-nucleotide sequence of Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV) minus-strand RNA (Ba-77), comprising a 5' stem-loop, a spacer and a 3'-CUUUU sequence, can be used to initiate plus-strand RNA synthesis in vitro. To understand the mechanism of plus-strand RNA synthesis, mutations were introduced in the 5' untranslat...
journal_title:Molecular plant pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1364-3703.2009.00597.x
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The complicated interplay of plant-pathogen interactions occurs on multiple levels as pathogens evolve to constantly evade the immune responses of their hosts. Many economically important crops fall victim to filamentous pathogens that produce small proteins called effectors to manipulate the host and aid infection/co...
journal_title:Molecular plant pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/mpp.12980
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protein kinases have been implicated in the regulation of many processes that guide pathogen development throughout the course of infection. A survey of the Sclerotinia sclerotiorum genome for genes encoding proteins containing the highly conserved eukaryotic protein kinase (ePK) domain, the largest protein kinase sup...
journal_title:Molecular plant pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/mpp.12321
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pratylenchus penetrans is one of the most important species of root lesion nematodes (RLNs) because of its detrimental and economic impact in a wide range of crops. Similar to other plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs), P. penetrans harbours a significant number of secreted proteins that play key roles during parasitism. ...
journal_title:Molecular plant pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/mpp.12666
更新日期:2018-02-09 00:00:00
abstract::The expression of host genes can be altered during the process of viral infection. To investigate the viral infection-induced up-regulated gene expression changes of maize at different time intervals post-inoculation with Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV), a suppression subtractive hybridization cDNA library was construct...
journal_title:Molecular plant pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1364-3703.2011.00782.x
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cyclodipeptides, formed from two amino acids by cyclodehydration, are produced naturally by many organisms, and are known to possess a large number of biological activities. In this study, we found that cyclo (l-Pro-l-Pro) and cyclo (d-Pro-d-Pro) (where Pro is proline) could induce defence responses and systemic resis...
journal_title:Molecular plant pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/mpp.12381
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Powdery mildew is a common and widespread plant disease of considerable agronomic relevance. It is caused by obligate biotrophic fungal pathogens which, in most cases, epiphytically colonize aboveground plant tissues. The disease has been typically studied as a binary interaction of the fungal pathogen with its plant ...
journal_title:Molecular plant pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/mpp.12771
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Summary Turnip crinkle virus encodes two proteins, p8 and p9, that are both required for cell-to-cell movement. The p8 movement protein has been demonstrated to bind RNA in a cooperative manner, although, similar to many other plant virus movement proteins, it contains no canonical RNA binding domain(s). However, thre...
journal_title:Molecular plant pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1364-3703.2001.00048.x
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::SUMMARY The Bipolaris sorokiniana tolerant 1 (bst1) barley mutant is derived from fast neutron-irradiated seeds of wild-type Bowman(Rph3). The induced mutation was genetically localized to a position on chromosome 5HL distal to the centromere using amplified fragment length polymorphism markers. In addition, the defen...
journal_title:Molecular plant pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1364-3703.2009.00555.x
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Citrus canker is a plant disease caused by Gram-negative bacteria from the genus Xanthomonas. The most virulent species is Xanthomonas citri ssp. citri (XAC), which attacks a wide range of citrus hosts. Differential proteomic analysis of the periplasm-enriched fraction was performed for XAC cells grown in pathogenicit...
journal_title:Molecular plant pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/mpp.12507
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::SUMMARY We sought to identify Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (Fov) genes that may be associated with pathogenicity. Initially we utilized microarray and Q-PCR technology to identify Fov genes expressed in root and hypocotyl tissues during a compatible infection of cotton. We identified 218 fungal clones represe...
journal_title:Molecular plant pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1364-3703.2006.00327.x
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::SUMMARY Pathogenicity islands (PAIs) were first described in uropathogenic E. coli. They are now defined as regions of DNA that contain virulence genes and are present in the genome of pathogenic strains, but absent from or only rarely present in non-pathogenic variants of the same or related strains. Other features i...
journal_title:Molecular plant pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1364-3703.2003.00187.x
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacillus subtilis GLB191 (hereafter GLB191) is an efficient biological control agent against the biotrophic oomycete Plasmopara viticola, the causal agent of grapevine downy mildew. In this study, we show that GLB191 supernatant is also highly active against downy mildew and that the activity results from both direct ...
journal_title:Molecular plant pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/mpp.12809
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Successful host-pathogen interactions require the presence, maintenance and expression of gene cassettes called 'pathogenicity islands' (PAIs) and 'metabolic islands' (MAIs) in the respective pathogen. The products of these genes confer on the pathogen the means to recognize their host(s) and to efficiently evade host...
journal_title:Molecular plant pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1364-3703.2008.00518.x
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effector gene Avr1b-1 of Phytophthora sojae determines the efficacy of the resistance gene Rps1b in soybean. The sequences of the Avr1b-1 locus in 34 Chinese isolates of P. sojae were obtained and analysed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and inverse PCR. Four different alleles and a complete deletion mutation o...
journal_title:Molecular plant pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1364-3703.2011.00733.x
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::SUMMARY We describe the use of degenerate primers to amplify the core hrp/hrc region of P. syringae pv. phaseolicola NPS3121. 18 826 bp were amplified using long-range PCR, digested and shotgun sequenced. Sequence analysis finds a hypervariable region between the hrpU and hrpC operons, and indications of positive sele...
journal_title:Molecular plant pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1364-3703.2004.00212.x
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:SUMMARY:To acquire iron from plant hosts, fungal pathogens have evolved at least two pathways for iron uptake. One system is hinged on the secretion and subsequent uptake of low-molecular-weight iron chelators termed siderophores, while the other uses cell-surface reductases to solubilize ferric iron by reducing it to ...
journal_title:Molecular plant pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1364-3703.2007.00401.x
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coffee (Coffea arabica L.), one of the key export and cash crops in tropical and subtropical countries, suffers severe losses from the rust fungus Hemileia vastatrix. The transcriptome of H. vastatrix was analysed during a compatible interaction with coffee to obtain an exhaustive repertoire of the genes expressed dur...
journal_title:Molecular plant pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1364-3703.2011.00723.x
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::SUMMARY The phytotoxin coronatine (COR) contributes to the virulence of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) strain DC3000 on Arabidopsis thaliana and tomato. However, little is known regarding the role of COR in the virulence of DC3000 on cultivated Brassica spp. In this study, the role of COR and its precursors, co...
journal_title:Molecular plant pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1364-3703.2006.00372.x
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many scientists, if not all, feel that their particular plant virus should appear in any list of the most important plant viruses. However, to our knowledge, no such list exists. The aim of this review was to survey all plant virologists with an association with Molecular Plant Pathology and ask them to nominate which...
journal_title:Molecular plant pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1364-3703.2011.00752.x
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00