Abstract:
:Landscape-scale reconstructions of ancient environments within the cradle of humanity may reveal insights into the relationship between early hominins and the changing resources around them. Many studies of Olduvai Gorge during Pliocene-Pleistocene times have revealed the presence of precession-driven wet-dry cycles atop a general aridification trend, though may underestimate the impact of local-scale conditions on early hominins, who likely experienced a varied and more dynamic landscape. Fossil lipid biomarkers from ancient plants and microbes encode information about their surroundings via their molecular structures and composition, and thus can shed light on past environments. Here, we employ fossil lipid biomarkers to study the paleolandscape at Olduvai Gorge at the emergence of the Acheulean technology, 1.7 Ma, through the Lower Augitic Sandstones layer. In the context of the expansion of savanna grasslands, our results represent a resource-rich mosaic ecosystem populated by groundwater-fed rivers, aquatic plants, angiosperm shrublands, and edible plants. Evidence of a geothermally active landscape is reported via an unusual biomarker distribution consistent with the presence of hydrothermal features seen today at Yellowstone National Park. The study of hydrothermalism in ancient settings and its impact on hominin evolution has not been addressed before, although the association of thermal springs in the proximity of archaeological sites documented here can also be found at other localities. The hydrothermal features and resources present at Olduvai Gorge may have allowed early hominins to thermally process edible plants and meat, supporting the possibility of a prefire stage of human evolution.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Sistiaga A,Husain F,Uribelarrea D,Martín-Perea DM,Ferland T,Freeman KH,Diez-Martín F,Baquedano E,Mabulla A,Domínguez-Rodrigo M,Summons REdoi
10.1073/pnas.2004532117subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-10-06 00:00:00pages
24720-24728issue
40eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490pii
2004532117journal_volume
117pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Osteonectin is a prominent noncollagenous protein of developing bone. A 2150-base-pair cDNA coding for osteonectin, isolated from a bovine bone cell lambda gt11 expression library, was sequenced and identified by comparison with protein sequence data. The nucleotide sequence predicts that osteonectin contains 304 amin...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.85.9.2919
更新日期:1988-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several groups have attempted to develop gene therapy strategies to treat cancer via introduction of the wild-type (wt) p53 cDNA into cancer cells. Unfortunately, these approaches do not result in regulated expression of the p53 gene and do not reduce expression of the mutant p53 that is overexpressed in cancerous cel...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.150104097
更新日期:2000-07-18 00:00:00
abstract::Separation of cells is a critical process for studying cell properties, disease diagnostics, and therapeutics. Cell sorting by acoustic waves offers a means to separate cells on the basis of their size and physical properties in a label-free, contactless, and biocompatible manner. The separation sensitivity and effici...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1413325111
更新日期:2014-09-09 00:00:00
abstract::All available complete mitochondrial genomes (21 species) are evaluated for dinucleotide over- and under-representation. The CpG dinucleotide is pervasively under-represented in all animal mitochondria, but it is of variable relative abundance in fungal, protist, and plant mitochondrial genomes. Interpretations and hy...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.9.3799
更新日期:1994-04-26 00:00:00
abstract::The AG dinucleotide at the 3' splice sites of metazoan nuclear pre-mRNAs plays a critical role in catalytic step II of the splicing reaction. Previous studies have shown that replacement of the guanine by adenine in the AG (AG --> GG) inhibits this step. We find that the second step was even more severely inhibited by...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.97.1.115
更新日期:2000-01-04 00:00:00
abstract::Lateral organ distribution at the shoot apical meristem defines specific and robust phyllotaxis patterns that have intrigued biologists and mathematicians for centuries. In silico studies have revealed that this self-organizing process can be recapitulated by modeling the polar transport of the phytohormone auxin. Phy...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1213497110
更新日期:2013-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::The segmented body plan of vertebrates is prefigured by reiterated embryonic mesodermal structures called somites. In the mouse embryo, timely somite formation from the presomitic mesoderm (PSM) is controlled by the "segmentation clock," a molecular oscillator that triggers progressive waves of Notch activity througho...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1222115110
更新日期:2013-05-28 00:00:00
abstract::Development of type 1 diabetes in the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse is preceded by an immune cell infiltrate in the pancreatic islets. The exact role of the attracted cells is still poorly understood. Chemokine CCL2/MCP-1 is known to attract CCR2(+) monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs). We have previously shown that tr...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1115308109
更新日期:2012-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::The noninvasive detection and quantification of CD8(+) T cells in vivo are important for both the detection and staging of CD8(+) lymphomas and for the monitoring of successful cancer immunotherapies, such as adoptive cell transfer and antibody-based immunotherapeutics. Here, antibody fragments are constructed to targ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1316922111
更新日期:2014-01-21 00:00:00
abstract::Damage to the protooncogene MYC has been implicated in the genesis of diverse human tumors, but the tumorigenic potential of the isolated gene has been disputed. Here we report the use of a retroviral vector to test the potency of human MYC for neoplastic transformation in avian cells. We found that sustained and abun...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.6.2102
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Insects have diversified through more than 450 million y of Earth's changeable climate, yet rapidly shifting patterns of temperature and precipitation now pose novel challenges as they combine with decades of other anthropogenic stressors including the conversion and degradation of land. Here, we consider how insects ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2002543117
更新日期:2021-01-12 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding the gene-expression patterns during liver regeneration may help to reveal how regenerative processes are initiated and controlled as well as shed new light onto processes that lead to liver disease. Using high-density oligonucleotide arrays, we have examined the gene-expression program in the livers of m...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.122359899
更新日期:2002-08-20 00:00:00
abstract::The biological activity of the transcription factor NF-kappaB is differentially controlled by three IkappaB proteins, Ikappa Balpha, Ikappa Bbeta, and Ikappa Bepsilon. We have examined the molecular basis for the differential inhibitory strengths of IkappaB proteins by constructing hybrid IkappaBs and found that the f...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.1.49
更新日期:1999-01-05 00:00:00
abstract::Interleukin 3 (IL-3) is a hematopoietic growth factor that supports the proliferation and differentiation of early hematopoietic-lineage progenitors. By using growth factor-dependent cell lines, IL-3 has been shown to induce the appearance of several phosphotyrosine-containing proteins, including a 140-kDa cell surfac...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.85.21.7982
更新日期:1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::An open question remains as to what coordinates cell behavior during organogenesis, permitting organs to reach their appropriate size and shape. The Arabidopsis gene STRUBBELIG (SUB) defines a receptor-mediated signaling pathway in plants. SUB encodes a putative leucine-rich repeat transmembrane receptor-like kinase. ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0503526102
更新日期:2005-06-21 00:00:00
abstract::During CsCl isopycnic centrifugation at 20 mM Mg(++), Escherichia coli 30S ribosomal subunits specifically lose proteins S1, S2, S3, S5, S9, S10, and S14. The resultant 30S core is unable to stimulate the GTPase activity of EF-G in the presence of 50S subunits. Activity could be restored to a small extent by adding ba...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.70.1.151
更新日期:1973-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Methane is a major greenhouse gas linked to global warming; however, patterns of in situ methane oxidation by methane-oxidizing bacteria (methanotrophs), nature's main biological mechanism for methane suppression, are often inconsistent with laboratory predictions. For example, one would expect a strong relationship b...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0702879104
更新日期:2007-07-17 00:00:00
abstract::Profilin2 (PFN2) is a target of the embryonic stem cell (ESC)-enriched miR-290 family of microRNAs (miRNAs) and an actin/dynamin-binding protein implicated in endocytosis. Here we show that the miR-290-PFN2 pathway regulates many aspects of ESC biology. In the absence of miRNAs, PFN2 is up-regulated in ESCs, with a re...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2002750117
更新日期:2020-08-25 00:00:00
abstract::Trigger factor (TF), the first chaperone in eubacteria to encounter the emerging nascent chain, binds to the large ribosomal subunit in the vicinity of the protein exit tunnel opening and forms a sheltered folding space. Here, we present the 3.5-A crystal structure of the physiological complex of the large ribosomal s...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0505581102
更新日期:2005-08-23 00:00:00
abstract::We have isolated an Arabidopsis thaliana gene that codes for a receptor related to antifungal pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins. The PR5K gene codes for a predicted 665-amino acid polypeptide that comprises an extracellular domain related to the PR5 proteins, a central transmembrane-spanning domain, and an intracellu...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.6.2598
更新日期:1996-03-19 00:00:00
abstract::An Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) deletion mutant, HR-1, cannot immortalize lymphocytes. HR-1 was derived from a virus strain, Jijoye, that is immortalization competent. Using human antiserum from certain patients with chronic active EBV infection, we have identified in Jijoye cells a protein of apparent mass of 78-80 kDa t...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.82.21.7429
更新日期:1985-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present the complete nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of a mouse epidermal keratin subunit of 60,000 Da. The keratin possesses a central alpha-helical domain of four tracts (termed 1A, 1B, 2A, and 2B) that can form coiled-coils, interspersed by short linker sequences, and has non-alpha-helical terminal d...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.81.18.5709
更新日期:1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mumps virus (MuV) is a highly contagious pathogen, and despite extensive vaccination campaigns, outbreaks continue to occur worldwide. The virus has a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA genome that is encapsidated by the nucleocapsid protein (N) to form the nucleocapsid (NC). NC serves as the template for both transc...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1413268111
更新日期:2014-10-21 00:00:00
abstract::Most of the cell-surface molecules involved in T-cell immune responses are N-linked glycoproteins. We have investigated the effects of inhibitors of glycoprotein processing on specific T-cell functions, with the dual aims of examining the functional role of carbohydrate and of testing the usefulness of such compounds ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.85.15.5644
更新日期:1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The generation of high levels of new catalytic activities on natural and artificial protein scaffolds is a major goal of enzyme engineering. Here, we used random mutagenesis and selection in vivo to establish a sugar isomerisation reaction on both a natural (beta alpha)(8)-barrel enzyme and a catalytically inert chime...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0810342106
更新日期:2009-03-10 00:00:00
abstract::In order to understand the functions of simian virus 40 genes, permissive cells (TC7) were infected with mutants temperature sensitive in the complementation groups A, B, C, BC, and D at permissive and nonpermissive temperatures. Cells were examined for the localization of viral polypeptide antigens by immunofluoresce...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.76.6.2808
更新日期:1979-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cDNA sequences encoding the adult alpha- and beta-globin polypeptides of a marsupial, the native cat Dasyurus viverrinus, have been cloned and their nucleotide sequences have been determined. Using these cDNA clones we have determined the chromosomal location of the native cat alpha- and beta-globin genes by in si...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.82.23.8105
更新日期:1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Escherichia coli flagellar motor senses the intracellular concentration of the response regulator CheY-P and responds by varying the bias between its counterclockwise (CCW) and clockwise (CW) rotational states. The response is ultrasensitive with a large Hill coefficient (approximately 10). Recently, the detailed ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0804641105
更新日期:2008-08-19 00:00:00
abstract::Interaction of the alpha beta T cell receptor (TCR) with major histocompatibility (MHC) molecules occupied with any of a large collection of peptides derived from self proteins is a critical step in driving T cell "positive" selection in the thymus. Interaction with this same pool of self-peptide/MHC ligands deletes T...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.8.4522
更新日期:1998-04-14 00:00:00
abstract::Natal philopatry, the return of individuals to their natal area for reproduction, has advantages and disadvantages for animal populations. Natal philopatry may generate local genetic adaptation, but it may also increase the probability of inbreeding that can compromise persistence. Although natal philopatry is well do...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1611797113
更新日期:2016-11-15 00:00:00