Abstract:
:Neurological disorders are the most devastating and challenging diseases associated with the central nervous system (CNS). The blood-brain barrier (BBB) maintains homeostasis of the brain and contributes towards the maintenance of a very delicate microenvironment, impairing the transport of many therapeutics into the CNS and making the management of common neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) and traumatic brain injury (TBI), exceptionally complicated. Nanoparticle (NP) technology offers a platform for the design of tissue-specific drug carrying systems owing to its versatile and modifiable nature. The prospect of being able to design NPs capable of successfully crossing the BBB, and maintaining a high drug bioavailability in neural parenchyma, has spurred much interest in the field of nanomedicine. NPs, which also come in an array of forms including polymeric NPs, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), quantum dots and liposomes, have the flexibility of being conjugated with various macromolecules, such as surfactants to confer the physical or chemical property desired. These nanodelivery strategies represent potential novel and minimally invasive approaches to the treatment and diagnosis of these neurological disorders. Most of the strategies revolve around the ability of the NPs to cross the BBB via various influx mechanisms, such as adsorptive-mediated transcytosis (AMT) and receptor-mediated transcytosis (RMT), targeting specific biomarkers or lesions unique to that pathological condition, thereby ensuring high tissue-specific targeting and minimizing off-target side effects. In this article, insights into common neurological disorders and challenges of delivering CNS drugs due to the presence of BBB is provided, before an in-depth review of nanoparticle-based theranostic strategies.
journal_name
Int J Mol Scijournal_title
International journal of molecular sciencesauthors
Sim TM,Tarini D,Dheen ST,Bay BH,Srinivasan DKdoi
10.3390/ijms21176070subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-08-23 00:00:00issue
17issn
1422-0067pii
ijms21176070journal_volume
21pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading causes of death worldwide. CVD pathophysiology is often characterized by increased stiffening of the heart muscle due to fibrosis, thus resulting in diminished cardiac function. Fibrosis can be caused by increased oxidative stress and inflammation, which is strongly linke...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms21165913
更新日期:2020-08-18 00:00:00
abstract::Fetal programming implies that the maternal diet during pregnancy affects the long-term health of offspring. Although maternal diet influences metabolic disorders and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in offspring, the hepatic mechanisms related to metabolites are still unknown. Here, we investigated the maternal diet...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms21239060
更新日期:2020-11-28 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of using direct electric current (DC) of 0, 200, and 400 mA for five minutes on the physiochemical properties, cytotoxicity, antibacterial, and antioxidant activity of sodium alginate hydrosols with different sodium chloride concentrations. The pH, oxidation-reduction...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms18030678
更新日期:2017-03-22 00:00:00
abstract::Periodontitis is a common disease characterized by chronic inflammation and tissue destruction of gums. Human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), derived from the periodontium, have stem cell properties similar to those of mesenchymal stem cells. PDLSCs possess not only the potential to differentiate into other ...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms19123843
更新日期:2018-12-03 00:00:00
abstract::The cytostatic agent hydroxyurea (HU) has proven to be beneficial for a variety of conditions in the disciplines of oncology, hematology, infectious disease and dermatology. It disrupts the S phase of the cell cycle by inhibiting the ribonucleotide reductase enzyme, thus blocking the transformation of ribonucleotides ...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms19123986
更新日期:2018-12-11 00:00:00
abstract::Over the years, there have been many developments and advances in the field of integral membrane protein research. As important pharmaceutical targets, it is paramount to understand the mechanisms of action that govern their structure-function relationships. However, the study of integral membrane proteins is still in...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms20102605
更新日期:2019-05-27 00:00:00
abstract::The development of atherosclerosis is a multi-step process, at least in part controlled by the vascular endothelium function. Observations in humans and experimental models of atherosclerosis have identified monocyte recruitment as an early event in atherogenesis. Chronic inflammation is associated with ageing and its...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms140612696
更新日期:2013-06-17 00:00:00
abstract::Breast (BCa) and gynecological (GCa) cancers constitute a group of female neoplasms that has a worldwide significant contribution to cancer morbidity and mortality. Evidence suggests that polymorphisms influencing miRNA function can provide useful information towards predicting the risk of female neoplasms. Inconsiste...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.3390/ijms20205088
更新日期:2019-10-14 00:00:00
abstract::NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has been identified as a master regulatory factor in the protection of cells from oxidative and electrophilic stress. However, overexpression of Nrf2 in lung cancer may cause chemoresistance, as well as radioresistance. In this study, we examined the relationship between radioresistance a...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms17070997
更新日期:2016-06-24 00:00:00
abstract::In patients with glioblastoma, antiangiogenic therapy with bevacizumab (BEV) has been shown to improve progression-free survival (PFS), but not overall survival (OS). Especially in patients with an unusual infiltrative phenotype as seen in multifocal glioblastoma, the use of BEV therapy is still more controversial. Th...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms18112469
更新日期:2017-11-20 00:00:00
abstract::The variable patterns of DNA methylation in mammals have been linked to a number of physiological processes, including normal embryonic development and disease pathogenesis. Active removal of DNA methylation, which potentially regulates neuronal gene expression both globally and gene specifically, has been recently im...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms151222604
更新日期:2014-12-05 00:00:00
abstract::The quaternary transition between the relaxed (R) and tense (T) states of heme-binding proteins is a textbook example for the allosteric structural transition. Homodimeric hemoglobin (HbI) from Scapharca inaequivalvis is a useful model system for investigating the allosteric behavior because of the relatively simple q...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms19113633
更新日期:2018-11-18 00:00:00
abstract::Cysteine cathepsins are lysosomal enzymes belonging to the papain family. Their expression is misregulated in a wide variety of tumors, and ample data prove their involvement in cancer progression, angiogenesis, metastasis, and in the occurrence of drug resistance. However, while their overexpression is usually associ...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms20143602
更新日期:2019-07-23 00:00:00
abstract::Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common type of arthritis that occurs in an aged population. It affects any joints in the body and degenerates the articular cartilage and the subchondral bone. Despite the pathophysiology of OA being different, cartilage resorption is still a symbol of osteoarthritis. Matrix metalloprot...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms21144931
更新日期:2020-07-13 00:00:00
abstract::Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS) and play an important role in neuronal recovery by scavenging damaged neurons. However, overactivation of microglia leads to neuronal death that is associated with CNS disorders. Therefore, regulation of microglial activation has been suggested...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms150915512
更新日期:2014-09-02 00:00:00
abstract::Several studies have shown the importance of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) in the intercellular communication between tumour and resident cells. Through EVs, tumour cells can trigger cell-signalling molecules and shuttle exogenous information to target cells, thus promoting spread of the disease. In fact, many processe...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms20194805
更新日期:2019-09-27 00:00:00
abstract::Phytoalexins are antimicrobial substances of low molecular weight produced by plants in response to infection or stress, which form part of their active defense mechanisms. Starting in the 1950's, research on phytoalexins has begun with biochemistry and bio-organic chemistry, resulting in the determination of their st...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms140714136
更新日期:2013-07-08 00:00:00
abstract::Auxin signaling plays an important role in plant growth and development. It responds to various developmental and environmental events, such as embryogenesis, organogenesis, shoot elongation, tropical growth, lateral root formation, flower and fruit development, tissue and organ architecture, and vascular differentiat...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms19113526
更新日期:2018-11-09 00:00:00
abstract::Seed storability, defined as the ability to remain alive during storage, is an important agronomic and physiological characteristic, but the underlying genetic mechanism remains largely unclear. Here, we report quantitative trait loci (QTLs) analyses for seed storability using a high-density single nucleotide polymorp...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms20184442
更新日期:2019-09-09 00:00:00
abstract::Pepper originated from the Capsicum genus, which is recognized as one of the most predominant and globally distributed genera of the Solanaceae family. It is a diverse genus, consisting of more than 31 different species including five domesticated species, Capsicum baccatum, C. annuum, C. pubescen, C. frutescens, and ...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms21155179
更新日期:2020-07-22 00:00:00
abstract::The uncontrolled migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) into the intima is a critical process in the development of atherosclerosis. Evodiamine, an indole alkaloid extracted from the Chinese medicine evodia, has been shown to inhibit tumor cell invasion and protect the cardiovascular system, but its effects...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms161226093
更新日期:2015-11-26 00:00:00
abstract::Some studies have ascribed a protective effect against neurodegenerative diseases to the β-carbolines harman (H) and norharman (NH), which occur mostly in coffee and coffee substitutes. We determined the concentrations of β-carbolines and undesirable compounds (such as acrylamide) in roasted coffee substitute ingredie...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms21155245
更新日期:2020-07-24 00:00:00
abstract::Acrylic bone cement is widely used in orthopedic surgery for treating various conditions of the bone and joints. Bone cement consists of methyl methacrylate (MMA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and benzoyl peroxide (BPO), functioning as a liquid monomer, solid phase, and polymerization initiator, respectively. Howev...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms21114016
更新日期:2020-06-04 00:00:00
abstract::One of the most striking features occurring in the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita induced galls is the reorganization of the vascular tissues. During the interaction of the model tree species Populus and M. incognita, a pronounced xylem proliferation was previously described in mature galls. To better charac...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms21020406
更新日期:2020-01-09 00:00:00
abstract::Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli isolates are known to tolerate superior quinolone antimicrobials compared with other antibacterial agents. Among the clones belonging to sequence type (ST) 131 by multilocus sequence typing, the involvement of the H30-Rx subclone has been reported worldwi...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms20205162
更新日期:2019-10-18 00:00:00
abstract::We first demonstrated that long-term increased polyamine (spermine, spermidine, putrescine) intake elevated blood spermine levels in mice and humans, and lifelong consumption of polyamine-rich chow inhibited aging-associated increase in aberrant DNA methylation, inhibited aging-associated pathological changes, and ext...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms20051254
更新日期:2019-03-12 00:00:00
abstract::Peripheral blood stem cells from healthy donors mobilized by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and harvested by leukapheresis are commonly used for allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The frequency of severe graft versus host disease is similar for patients receiving peripheral blood and bone marrow allo...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms17071158
更新日期:2016-07-19 00:00:00
abstract::Chemoradiation-based bladder preservation therapy (BPT) is currently a curative option for non-metastatic muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) patients at favorable risk or an alternative to radical cystectomy (RC) for those who are unfit for RC. In BPT, only patients who achieve complete response (CR) after chemorad...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms19092777
更新日期:2018-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Glycation is a non-enzymatic post-translational modification of proteins, formed by the reaction of reducing sugars and α-dicarbonyl products of their degradation with amino and guanidino groups of proteins. Resulted early glycation products are readily involved in further transformation, yielding a heterogeneous grou...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms18122557
更新日期:2017-11-28 00:00:00
abstract::Sarcopenia has a significant negative impact on healthspan in the elderly and effective pharmacologic interventions remain elusive. We have previously demonstrated that sarcopenia is associated with reduced activity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) pump. We asked whether restoring SERCA activity using...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms22010037
更新日期:2020-12-22 00:00:00