Abstract：
:The thymus generates central immune tolerance by producing self-restricted and self-tolerant T-cells as a result of interactions between the developing thymocytes and the stromal microenvironment, mainly formed by the thymic epithelial cells. The thymic epithelium derives from the endoderm of the pharyngeal pouches, embryonic structures that rely on environmental cues from the surrounding mesenchyme for its development. Here, we review the most recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in early thymic organogenesis at stages preceding the expression of the transcription factor Foxn1, the early marker of thymic epithelial cells identity. Foxn1-independent developmental stages, such as the specification of the pharyngeal endoderm, patterning of the pouches, and thymus fate commitment are discussed, with a special focus on epithelial-mesenchymal interactions.
journal_name
Int J Mol Scijournal_title
International journal of molecular sciencesauthors
Figueiredo M,Zilhão R,Neves Hdoi
10.3390/ijms21165765subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-08-11 00:00:00issue
16issn
1422-0067pii
ijms21165765journal_volume
21pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Epidemiological results revealed that there is an inverse correlation between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels and risks of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Mounting evidence supports that HDLs are atheroprotective, therefore, many therapeutic approaches have been developed to increase ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms21030739
更新日期：2020-01-23 00:00:00
abstract：:Membrane traffic plays a pivotal role in virulence in the enteric protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica. EhRab8A small GTPase is a key regulator of membrane traffic at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of this protist and is involved in the transport of plasma membrane proteins. Here we identified the binding proteins...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms19123831
更新日期：2018-11-30 00:00:00
abstract：:The stingless bee, Melipona fasciculata Smith (Apidae, Meliponini), is a native species from Brazil. Their products have high biotechnological potential, however there are no studies about the biological activities of pollen collected by M. fasciculata. In this context, the present study investigated the chemical comp...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20184512
更新日期：2019-09-12 00:00:00
abstract：:Mast cells (MC) are resident tissue cells found primarily at the interphase between tissues and the environment. These evolutionary old cells store large amounts of proteases within cytoplasmic granules, and one of the most abundant of these proteases is tryptase. To look deeper into the question of their in vivo targ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20205147
更新日期：2019-10-17 00:00:00
abstract：:The micro RNA (miR)-34 family is composed of 5p and 3p strands of miR-34a, miR-34b, and miR-34c. The 5p strand's expression and function is studied in cervical cancer. The 3p strand's function and regulation remain to be elucidated. To study the function of the passenger strands of miR-34 family members, we overexpres...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20030545
更新日期：2019-01-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Lymphoma, a group of widely prevalent hematological malignancies of lymphocyte origin, has become the focus of significant clinical research due to their high propensity for refractory/relapsed (R/R) disease, leading to poor prognostic outcomes. The complex molecular circuitry in lymphomas, especially in the aggressiv...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms21030904
更新日期：2020-01-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Sirtuins (SIRTs) are class III histone deacetylases (HDACs) that play important roles in aging and a wide range of cellular functions. Sirtuins are crucial to numerous biological processes, including proliferation, DNA repair, mitochondrial energy homeostasis, and antioxidant activity. Mammals have seven different sir...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms21186686
更新日期：2020-09-12 00:00:00
abstract：:Normal tissue toxicity is a dose-limiting factor in radiation therapy. Therefore, a detailed understanding of the normal tissue response to radiation is necessary to predict the risk of normal tissue toxicity and to development strategies for tissue protection. One component of normal tissue that is continuously expos...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21072336
更新日期：2020-03-27 00:00:00
abstract：:Nanoencapsulation of thiamine dilauryl sulfate (TDS), a vitamin B1 derivative, was proved to effectively inhibit the spore germination of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. raphani (F. oxysporum), as well as mycelial growth. The average diameter of nanoparticles was measured as 136 nm by being encapsulated with an edible encap...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms14024283
更新日期：2013-02-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Keloids occur after failure of the wound healing process; inflammation persists, and various treatments are ineffective. Keloid pathogenesis is still unclear. We have previously analysed the gene expression profiles in keloid tissue and found that HtrA1 was markedly up-regulated in the keloid lesions. HtrA1 is a serin...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms19051275
更新日期：2018-04-24 00:00:00
abstract：:miRNAs have been widely investigated in terms of cell proliferation and differentiation. However, little is known about their effects on bird growth. Here we characterized the promoter of miR-206 in chicken and found that the preferable promoter was located in 1200 bp upstream of pri-miR-206. In this region, many key ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms17040559
更新日期：2016-04-14 00:00:00
abstract：:Hybrid materials constituted by peptides and synthetic polymers have nowadays a great interest since they can combine the properties and functions of each constitutive block, being also possible to modify the final characteristics by using different topologies. Poly(l-lactide-b-l-phenylalanine) copolymers with various...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms150813247
更新日期：2014-07-29 00:00:00
abstract：:Alterations to the programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) pathway were previously shown to be involved in a poorer prognosis for patients with proliferative glomerulonephritis (PGN). Here, we investigated the association between several infectious agents and the expression of PD-1 and its ligand (PD-L1) on T and B lym...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21218001
更新日期：2020-10-27 00:00:00
abstract：:Adlay (Coix larchryma-jobi L.) was the commonly used Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) with high content of seed storage protein. The hydrolyzed bioactive oligopeptides of adlay have been proven to be anti-hypertensive effective components. However, the structures and anti-hypertensive mechanism of bioactive oligopep...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms17122099
更新日期：2016-12-14 00:00:00
abstract：:Speckle-type BTB/POZ protein (SPOP) is a substrate recognition receptor of the cullin-3 (CUL3)/RING type ubiquitin E3 complex. To date, approximately 30 proteins have been identified as ubiquitinated substrates of the CUL3/SPOP complex. Pathologically, missense mutations in the substrate-binding domain of SPOP have be...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms21197293
更新日期：2020-10-02 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study is to clinically validate a series of circulating miRNAs that distinguish between the 4 most prevalent tumor types (lung cancer (LC); breast cancer (BC); colorectal cancer (CRC); and prostate cancer (PCa)) and healthy donors (HDs). A total of 18 miRNAs and 3 housekeeping miRNA genes were eval...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21082783
更新日期：2020-04-16 00:00:00
abstract：:The selective binding of six (S)-quinuclidine-triazoles and their (R)-enantiomers to nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes α3β4 and α7, respectively, were analyzed by in silico docking to provide the insight into the molecular basis for the observed stereospecific subtype discrimination. Homology modeling ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21176189
更新日期：2020-08-27 00:00:00
abstract：:Among popular crops, plum (Prunus domestica L.) has received special attention due to its health-promoting properties. The seasonality of this fruit makes it impossible to consume it throughout the year, so new products in a powder form may offer an alternative to fresh consumption and may be used as high-quality natu...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms18010176
更新日期：2017-01-17 00:00:00
abstract：:The immune system has a substantial effect on colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. Additionally, the response to immunotherapeutics and conventional treatment options (e.g., chemotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted therapies) is influenced by the immune system. The molecular characterization of colorectal cancer (CRC) ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms18102229
更新日期：2017-10-24 00:00:00
abstract：:Drought stress is one of the most serious threats to cucumber quality and yield. To gain a good understanding of the molecular mechanism upon water deficiency, we compared and analyzed the RNA sequencing-based transcriptomic responses of two contrasting cucumber genotypes, L-9 (drought-tolerant) and A-16 (drought-sens...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms19072067
更新日期：2018-07-16 00:00:00
abstract：:Ammonium trichloro[1,2-ethanediolato-O,O']-tellurate (AS101) is the most important synthetic Te compound from the standpoint of its biological activity. It is a potent immunomodulator with a variety of potential therapeutic applications and antitumoral action in several preclinical and clinical studies. An experimenta...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms15023287
更新日期：2014-02-21 00:00:00
abstract：:The combination of an antifungal agent and drug carrier with adjunctive antimicrobial properties represents novel strategy of complex therapy in pharmaceutical technology. The goal of this study was to investigate the unmodified and ion cross-linked chitosan's influence on anti-Candida activity of clotrimazole used as...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms151017765
更新日期：2014-09-30 00:00:00
abstract：:To combat the escalating rise of antibacterial resistance, the development of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with a unique mode of action is considered an attractive strategy. However, proteolytic degradation of AMPs remains the greatest challenge in their transformation into therapeutics. Herein, we synthesized Fmoc-t...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21103602
更新日期：2020-05-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Phostensin is encoded by KIAA1949. 5'-RACEanalysis has been used to identify the translation start site of phostensin mRNA, indicating that it encodes 165 amino acids with an apparent molecular weight of 26 kDa on SDS-PAGE. This low-molecular-weight phostensin is present in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms15011068
更新日期：2014-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Fresh produce is often a source of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) outbreaks. Fimbriae are extracellular structures involved in cell-to-cell attachment and surface colonisation. F9 (Fml) fimbriae have been shown to be expressed at temperatures lower than 37 °C, implying a function beyond the mammalian host....
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21249720
更新日期：2020-12-19 00:00:00
abstract：:Timely and reliable distinction of sepsis from non-infectious systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) supports adequate antimicrobial therapy and saves lives but is clinically challenging. Blood transcriptional profiling promises to deliver insights into the pathomechanisms of SIRS and sepsis and to accelerate ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20092290
更新日期：2019-05-09 00:00:00
abstract：:The consumption of carotenoid-rich vegetables such as tomatoes and tomato sauces is associated with reduced risk of several chronic diseases. The predominant carotenoids in tomato products are in the (all-E) configuration, but (Z) isomers can be formed during thermal processing. The effect of cooking time (15, 30, 45 ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms16059588
更新日期：2015-04-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Wintersweet (Chimonanthus praecox) is a well-known traditional fragrant plant and a winter-flowering deciduous shrub that originated in China. The five different developmental stages of wintersweet, namely, flower-bud period (FB), displayed petal stage (DP), open flower stage (OF), later blooming period (LB), and wilt...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms19103278
更新日期：2018-10-22 00:00:00
abstract：:Abstract: Cancer heterogeneity and progression are subject to complex interactions between neoplastic cells and their microenvironment, including the immune system. Although glioblastomas (GBMs) are classified as 'cold tumours' with very little lymphocyte infiltration, they can contain up to 30-40% of tumour-associate...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms21030689
更新日期：2020-01-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Growing evidence shows a close association of transposable elements (TE) with non-coding RNAs (ncRNA), and a significant number of small ncRNAs originate from TEs. Further, ncRNAs linked with TE sequences participate in a wide-range of regulatory functions. Alu elements in particular are critical players in gene regul...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms140713307
更新日期：2013-06-26 00:00:00
