Abstract:
INTRODUCTION:Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a prevalent but underdiagnosed manifestation of atherosclerosis that has a worse prognosis than coronary artery disease. Patients with PAD are at heightened risk of both systemic cardiovascular adverse events and limb-related morbidity. There is insufficient awareness of its clinical manifestations, including intermittent claudication and critical limb ischemia and of its risk of adverse cardiovascular and limb outcomes. AREAS COVERED:The authors present the current knowledge concerning medications and their mechanism of action, landmark trials, and the evidence base behind the most commonly utilized pharmacological therapy including but not limited aspirin, clopidogrel, ticagrelor, warfarin, rivaroxaban, statins, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, Evolocumab and Ezetimibe. EXPERT OPINION:Relative to coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease is an undertreated and under-investigated condition. The majority of the evidence base in the management of PAD is extrapolated from data subsets of large trials examining different conditions. This creates a paucity of management decisions based on trials powered for outcomes in PAD.
journal_name
Expert Opin Pharmacotherjournal_title
Expert opinion on pharmacotherapyauthors
Essa H,Torella F,Lip GYHdoi
10.1080/14656566.2020.1774556subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-09-01 00:00:00pages
1603-1616issue
13eissn
1465-6566issn
1744-7666journal_volume
21pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:INTRODUCTION:Short bowel syndrome (SBS) has traditionally been regarded as a rapidly fatal medical catastrophe. The advent of pharmacological options directly targeting disease pathophysiology justified this review. AREAS COVERED:Since the 1970s, home parenteral nutrition has reduced mortality, converting SBS into a c...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14656566.2020.1724959
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seborrhoeic dermatitis (SD) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disorder, affecting areas of the head and body where sebaceous glands are most prominent and active. The disorder commonly affects hair-bearing areas of the head, including the scalp. Involvement on the face is usually limited to the hairline, eyebrows, nasol...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.8.9.1365
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Myoclonic seizures can be observed in various clinical settings and different epileptic conditions, including some forms of both diopathic and symptomatic epilepsies. Relatively little has been written on treatment of myoclonic seizures. Some old antiepileptic drugs, such as valproate and some benzodiazepi...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.2013.800045
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ramipril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that has been extensively studied in randomised, controlled clinical trials in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Therapy with ramipril in patients with various cardiovascular disorders has demonstrated significant and clinically important reductions in cardio...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.6.11.1911
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Apomorphine, a medication that has been studied intensively over the years, is available in the US as intermittent subcutaneous injections for treatment of 'off' motor states in Parkinson disease. OBJECTIVE:The clinical literature is summarized with particular focus on randomized controlled studies of apomo...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656560902828344
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Parenteral support is lifesaving in short bowel syndrome patients with intestinal failure (SBS-IF), who are unable to compensate for their malabsorption by metabolic or pharmacologic adaptation. Mutually, the symptoms of SBS-IF and the inconveniences and complications in relation to parenteral support may ...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.2012.644787
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The administration of oral aspirin within 48 h and tissue plasminogen activator within 3 h of ischaemic stroke onset remain the only treatments that have been shown to have clinical benefit. There has been much excitement about neuroprotection over the last two decades, as it may minimise the harmful effects of ischae...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.7.12.1571
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Valproic acid (VPA) is considered to be a drug of first choice and one of the most frequently-prescribed antiepileptic drugs worldwide for the therapy of generalized and focal epilepsies, including special epileptic. It is a broad-spectrum antiepileptic drug and is usually well tolerated. Rarely, serious complications...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.9.2.285
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Psoriasis is a common immune-mediated disorder that in 70% of cases appears in mild or mild-to-moderate form. Psoriasis is usually treated with topical medications and/or phototherapy with variable efficacy in controlling the disease. AREAS COVERED:For the past three decades, research has been focused on ...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.2014.875159
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diabetes mellitus is the most common cause of blindness among working-age adults, with a prevalence of 7 - 8% of adults in the USA, and is one of the most common causes of renal failure requiring kidney transplant and the most common cause of non-traumatic lower limb amputation in developed nations [1] . The role of t...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656560903401620
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Desvenlafaxine (DESV) is a newer antidepressant, which inhibits serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake neurotransmission, similarly to venlafaxine, milnacipran and duloxetine. It was approved in February 2008 by the FDA for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), based on well-controlled and adequately powered, l...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.2011.636033
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most commonly encountered bacterial infections. Acute uncomplicated UTIs in adults include episodes of cystitis and pyelonephritis. The main uropathogens causing uncomplicated UTIs have, in the past, been fairly predictable and they have generally been susceptible to sever...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.2.8.1227
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Overactive bladder has been successfully treated with oral anticholinergic drugs such as oxybutynin chloride. Although oral oxybutynin has been effective in controlling urinary urge incontinence and in decreasing incontinence episodes, adverse events, particularly dry mouth, often cause patients to discontinue oral th...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.4.12.2315
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Osteoporosis is a severe condition, associated with significant disability as a result of fragility fractures and increased mortality. Oral bisphosphonates effectively reduce the risk of osteoporotic fracture and are generally well tolerated. Unfortunately, patient outcomes are often compromised by suboptimal therapeu...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.6.13.2301
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Negative symptoms are core features of schizophrenia that respond poorly to first-generation antipsychotics and present a major obstacle in rehabilitation. Patients may be somewhat more responsive to clozapine and second-generation antipsychotics but even then, considerable impairment remains. This paper reviews the u...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.5.10.2053
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Simplified antiretroviral regimens have been developed with the aim of improving treatment adherence and quality of life of HIV-infected patients. The single-class triple-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor combination has contributed to the improvement of the management of HIV infection, especially in patients...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.7.16.2233
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Overactive bladder (OAB) is a common condition that has a profound impact on an individual's overall health and quality of life. Muscarinic receptor antagonists are the mainstay of oral pharmacotherapy for OAB. While all of the medications in this class are significantly more effective than placebo, they a...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.2012.688953
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a heterogeneous group of rare diseases characterized by the abnormal production and impaired degradation of pulmonary surfactant as a result of malfunctioning of alveolar macrophages. This is due to the downstream dysregulation of the GM-CSF pathway, which can be cau...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14656566.2020.1757650
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cough-variant asthma is considered as an asthma subset in which chronic cough is the only symptom. It is believed to be more frequent and, hence, sometimes overdiagnosed in children, and shares with typical asthma eosinophilic airway inflammation and consequent bronchial hyper-responsiveness. Presently available thera...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.8.17.3021
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Introduction: Triptorelin is a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog (LH-RHa) inducing ovarian function suppression (OFS). It is approved by FDA and EMA in association with tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitor (AI) and with fulvestrant and palbociclib in premenopausal women with hormone receptor (HR)-positive breas...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14656566.2019.1650020
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Asthma is the most common chronic disease in childhood, affecting approximately 10% of all children, and is the leading cause of hospitalization in developed countries. In this paper we aimed to review the evidence on chemical pharmacotherapy for long-term treatment of pediatric asthma, according to the la...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14656566.2017.1317747
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This editorial considers the use of the first selective oral renin inhibitor, aliskiren, in reducing angiotensin (Ang) II reactivation or aldosterone (ALDO) escape during renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibition. RAAS blockade with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and/or angiotensin recep...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 社论,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.8.5.529
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Hepatitis C is a disease with a significant global impact. Over the last several years, the treatment of the disease has been revolutionized. Therapy has transformed over the last several years with the approval of second generation direct acting antivirals, and currently utilized medications for the treat...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14656566.2018.1459567
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Beta-lactamase producing bacteria present a major problem in treating lower respiratory tract infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate efficacy and safety of cefotaxime-sulbactam combination versus amoxicillin-clavulanic acid injection as an alternative therapeutic option for treatment of lower...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1517/14656566.9.16.2751
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Chronic hepatitis C infection is a global disease with 160 million people infected worldwide. Until recently, therapy was characterized by long duration, suboptimal success rates and significant adverse drug reactions. The development of direct-acting antivirals initiated a dramatic change in the treatment...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.2014.972364
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pharmacological relapse prevention in alcoholism is a rather new clinical field with few drugs being available. Acamprosate, acting predominantly via glutamatergic pathways, and the opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone, were both shown to be efficient in improving rates for continuous abstinence, and not relapsing to...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.7.17.2341
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Treatment options for relapsed ovarian cancer have increased over the decade with the addition of targeted agents, such as PARP inhibitors and antiangiogenic agents. Bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody binding vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), was the first anti-angiogenic agent to be incorporated ...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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abstract:INTRODUCTION:Ceftazidime is a third-generation cephalosporin that has activity against Gram-negative bacilli, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and the limited number of antimicrobial agents in development have necessitated a review of the current status of treatmen...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.2012.721777
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abstract:INTRODUCTION:Allergic rhinitis (AR) can be challenging to treat. For many patients, current therapies (including multiple therapies) provide insufficient symptom relief. There is, therefore, a clear unmet medical need for a new and more effective AR treatment option. MP29-02 ( Dymista ) is a novel intranasal formulatio...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.2013.828693
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Many patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) fail to achieve the desired A1c goal because the antidiabetic medications used do not correct the underlying pathophysiologic abnormalities and monotherapy is not sufficiently potent to reduce the A1c to the 6.5 - 7.0% range. Insulin resistance and islet (...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.2015.1114098
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00