Ruboxistaurin: PKC-beta inhibition for complications of diabetes.

Abstract:

:Diabetes mellitus is the most common cause of blindness among working-age adults, with a prevalence of 7 - 8% of adults in the USA, and is one of the most common causes of renal failure requiring kidney transplant and the most common cause of non-traumatic lower limb amputation in developed nations [1] . The role of the intracellular signaling enzyme protein kinase C (PKC) in the development of diabetic complications has become a field of intense research interest. An inhibitor of the PKC-beta isoform ruboxistaurin (RBX) has in vitro and in vivo benefits in ameliorating disturbances of cell regulation and blood flow related to hyperglycemia. The benefit of RBX for peripheral neuropathy has not been successfully demonstrated in Phase III trials. Although there was a beneficial effect of RBX on nephropathy in a pilot study, there has been no further clinical development for this indication. The major cause of visual disability - diabetic macular edema - seems to respond to RBX treatment with both anatomic and functional benefits. The manufacturer, Eli Lilly Co., has received an approvable letter from the FDA for the prevention of vision loss in patients with diabetic retinopathy with RBX, pending results of additional clinical trials for this indication.

authors

Danis RP,Sheetz MJ

doi

10.1517/14656560903401620

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2009-12-01 00:00:00

pages

2913-25

issue

17

eissn

1465-6566

issn

1744-7666

journal_volume

10

pub_type

杂志文章,评审
  • Erectile dysfunction, cardiovascular diseases and depression: interaction of therapy.

    abstract::Several studies have revealed the intimate associations between erectile dysfunction (ED), ischemic heart disease (IHD) and depression. Whether the physicians should also screen for the other two components when a patient presents with one component of this triad is still an important question to be answered. These th...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656560903089326

    authors: El-Sakka AI,Shamloul R,Yassin AA

    更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00

  • Daily versus intermittent corticosteroids for the treatment of mild persistent asthma.

    abstract::Asthma is a chronic disease of the airways in which inflammation causes bronchial hyper-reactivity and attacks of wheezing, dyspnea and chest tightness that are triggered by various agents. It requires both acute treatment of the paroxistical respiratory symptoms with reliever medications and maintenance treatment, wh...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1517/14656566.7.9.1235

    authors: Antoniu SA

    更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00

  • Posaconazole: a new broad-spectrum antifungal agent.

    abstract::The rising incidence of invasive fungal infections and the emergence of broader fungal resistance have led to the need for novel antifungal agents. Posaconazole is a new member of the triazole class of antifungals. It is available as an oral suspension and has a favorable toxicity profile, has demonstrated clinical ef...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656566.8.8.1167

    authors: Kwon DS,Mylonakis E

    更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00

  • Pharmacotherapy with oral Xa inhibitors for venous thromboembolism.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Venous thromboembolism (VTE) causes substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. The traditional treatment of VTE, with an initial therapy with (low molecular weight) heparin or fondaparinux and a continued treatment with vitamin K antagonists, is effective but has limitations. AREAS COVERED:The current...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656566.2015.999043

    authors: Vanassche T,Vandenbriele C,Peerlinck K,Verhamme P

    更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00

  • Pegaptanib sodium for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Pegaptanib sodium, the first aptamer therapeutic approved for use and the first antiangiogenic agent used to treat ocular neovascular disease, acts by inhibiting the 165 isoform of vascular endothelial growth factor believed primarily responsible for pathologic ocular neovascularization and vascular permeabi...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656566.9.3.499

    authors: Apte RS

    更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00

  • Pharmacological management of malignant hypertension.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:According to current guidelines, malignant hypertension is one of the emergencies in hypertension. The definition requires the presence of bilateral retinal hemorrhages or exudates, with or without papilledema, acute heart failure and acute deterioration in renal function in severe hypertension. Patients w...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1080/14656566.2020.1732923

    authors: Lewek J,Bielecka-Dąbrowa A,Maciejewski M,Banach M

    更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00

  • In diabetic foot infections antibiotics are to treat infection, not to heal wounds.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Diabetic foot ulcers, especially when they become infected, are a leading cause of morbidity and may lead to severe consequences, such as amputation. Optimal treatment of these diabetic foot problems usually requires a multidisciplinary approach, typically including wound debridement, pressure off-loading,...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656566.2015.1021780

    authors: Abbas M,Uçkay I,Lipsky BA

    更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00

  • Treatment of classical Hodgkin's lymphoma in children and adolescents.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:The treatment of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) in children is a story of success. Nowadays, more than 90% of patients are cured and overall survival is nearly 100% at 5 years. Efforts have been made to avoid related effects of therapies; therefore, children are treated using different chemotherapy schem...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1080/14656566.2019.1606212

    authors: Gómez-Almaguer D,González-Llano O,Jiménez-Antolinez V,Gómez-De León A

    更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00

  • New treatment options for panic disorder: clinical trials from 2000 to 2010.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Panic disorder (PD) is a prevalent psychiatric disorder characterized by unexpected and recurrent panic attacks. PD patients present significant psychosocial impairment and a high risk of psychiatric comorbidities and suicide. PD should be treated effectively as soon as the symptoms emerge because the long...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656566.2011.562200

    authors: Freire RC,Hallak JE,Crippa JA,Nardi AE

    更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00

  • Approved and emerging PI3K inhibitors for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:PI3K inhibition with idelalisib (at that time CAL-101) was at the forefront of the development of molecularly targeted therapies in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)/Small Lymphocytic Leukemia (SLL) and follicular lymphoma. However, after initial approval, subsequent trials identified specific immune-medi...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1080/14656566.2020.1737010

    authors: Kienle DL,Stilgenbauer S

    更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00

  • Pharmacological management of human respiratory syncytial virus infection.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the primary viral cause of respiratory diseases, leading to bronchiolitis and pneumonia in vulnerable populations. The only current treatment against this virus is palliative, and no efficient and specific vaccine against this pathogen is available. AREAS COVERE...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1080/14656566.2020.1806821

    authors: Kalergis AM,Soto JA,Gálvez NMS,Andrade CA,Fernandez A,Bohmwald K,Bueno SM

    更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00

  • Miconazole, a pharmacological barrier to skin fungal infections.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Miconazole (MCZ) is a time-honored antifungal of the imidazole class. MCZ exerts a multipronged effect on fungi. It inhibits the cytochrome P450 complex, including the 14α-demethylase enzyme required for ergosterol biosynthesis, in fungal cell membranes. In addition, intracellular accumulation of toxic met...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656566.2012.687047

    authors: Piérard GE,Hermanns-Lê T,Delvenne P,Piérard-Franchimont C

    更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00

  • Fluoroquinolones in the treatment of acute uncomplicated urinary tract infections in adult women.

    abstract::Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most commonly encountered bacterial infections. Acute uncomplicated UTIs in adults include episodes of cystitis and pyelonephritis. The main uropathogens causing uncomplicated UTIs have, in the past, been fairly predictable and they have generally been susceptible to sever...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656566.2.8.1227

    authors: Garrison J,Hooton TM

    更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00

  • Vaginal ring delivery of hormone replacement therapy--a review.

    abstract::Vaginal ring delivery systems are a highly promising approach to hormone replacement therapy (HRT). The vagina is an excellent route for steroid absorption. Menopausal vaginal rings can be designed to allow very low dose local delivery of oestrogen to the vagina for the large percentage of postmenopausal women experie...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656566.4.2.201

    authors: Dezarnaulds G,Fraser IS

    更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00

  • Dehydroepiandrosterone for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus.

    abstract::The adrenal steroidal hormone dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) has been studied as a potential pharmacological agent in the treatment of the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Both the endocrine effects (the ability to be converted peripherally to androgenic and oestrogenic sex steroids) and the immun...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656566.3.1.23

    authors: van Vollenhoven RF

    更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00

  • Androgen pathway resistance in prostate cancer and therapeutic implications.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Metastatic prostate cancer is an incurable disease that is treated with a variety of hormonal therapies targeting various nodes of the androgen receptor (AR) pathway. Invariably patients develop resistance and become castration resistant. Common treatments for castration-resistant disease include novel hor...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656566.2015.1055249

    authors: Maughan BL,Antonarakis ES

    更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00

  • Antipsychotic medication: effects on regulation of glucose and lipids.

    abstract::Since the introduction of chlorpromazine in the 1950s, antipsychotics have been used for the treatment of schizophrenia. The phenothiazines were followed by the butyrophenones, particularly haloperidol. With all the movement disorder side effects of these medications (extrapyramidal syndrome, akathisia, tardive dyskin...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656566.2.10.1571

    authors: Kato MM,Goodnick PJ

    更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00

  • Neratinib for the treatment of breast cancer.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Neratinib is an orally available, pan-HER inhibitor with clinical activity in patients with HER2-amplified and HER2-mutated breast cancer. Areas covered: A summary of publically available and relevant clinical data on neratinib. Expert opinion: Neratinib (N) is clearly distinct from lapatinib (L), a differ...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1080/14656566.2016.1244528

    authors: Prové A,Dirix L

    更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00

  • Babesiosis in humans: a treatment review.

    abstract::Human infections with Babesia species, in particular Babesia microti, are tick-borne illnesses that are being recognised with increased frequency. Coinfection with ehrlichiosis and Lyme disease is also being recognised as an important feature of these tick-borne illnesses. Despite the superficial resemblance of Babesi...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656566.3.8.1109

    authors: Weiss LM

    更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00

  • The treatment of neoplastic meningitis.

    abstract::Neoplastic meningitis (NM) is a debilitating complication of cancer that occurs when tumour cells infiltrate the leptomeninges. Treatment often includes direct installation of chemotherapy into the cerebrospinal fluid either by lumbar puncture or the use of a ventricular reservoir, radiation therapy, systemic chemothe...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1517/14656566.5.9.1929

    authors: Armstrong TS,Gilbert MR

    更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00

  • Tamoxifen and the female reproductive tract.

    abstract::The use of tamoxifen among women with breast cancer or at high risk of the disease has greatly expanded over the past several decades. Tamoxifen has a complex effect on the female reproductive tract and several tamoxifen-associated changes have been described among tamoxifen users. These include endometrial thickening...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656566.2.9.1399

    authors: Eltabbakh GH,Mount SL

    更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00

  • Advancing treatment options for chronic idiopathic constipation.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Chronic constipation is a global problem affecting all ages and associated with considerable morbidity and significant financial burden for society. Though formerly defined on the basis of a single symptom, infrequent defecation; constipation is now viewed as a syndrome encompassing several complaints such...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656566.2016.1127356

    authors: Quigley EM,Neshatian L

    更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00

  • Opioid dependence treatment: options in pharmacotherapy.

    abstract::The development of effective treatments for opioid dependence is of great importance given the devastating consequences of the disease. Pharmacotherapies for opioid addiction include opioid agonists, partial agonists, opioid antagonists, and alpha-2-adrenergic agonists, which are targeted toward either detoxification ...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656560903037168

    authors: Stotts AL,Dodrill CL,Kosten TR

    更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00

  • Photodynamic therapy using 5-aminolaevulinic acid for the treatment of dysplasia in Barrett's oesophagus.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:5-Aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) is the naturally occurring metabolic precursor of an endogenously formed photosensitiser, protoporphyrin IX. It is used topically to treat benign and malignant skin disorders by a process called photodynamic therapy (PDT). Recently, data are emerging on its systemic use in the tr...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656566.9.5.851

    authors: Dunn J,Lovat L

    更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00

  • Sibutramine: current status as an anti-obesity drug and its future perspectives.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Obesity has become a global epidemic with recent estimates of > 400 million obese adults. Despite this, there are few safe and effective pharmacological interventions for obesity. Sibutramine is a weight loss agent, for use as an adjuvant to a comprehensive program of calorie restriction, exercise and behavi...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656566.9.12.2161

    authors: Sharma B,Henderson DC

    更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00

  • Etravirine for the treatment of HIV/AIDS.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Etravirine (TMC125) is an orally administered second-generation non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) that is approved in treatment-experienced patients as addition to an optimized background therapy (OBT). AREAS COVERED:A Medline search was conducted of Phase II - IV clinical trials, as ...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656566.2013.787411

    authors: Schrijvers R

    更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00

  • The treatment of Tourette's syndrome: current opinions.

    abstract::Correct education of the patient is one of the most important aspects in the treatment of Tourette's syndrome. Pharmacotherapy is often unsatisfactory and therefore should be limited to those patients who are significantly impaired. Therapy must be individualised and the most troublesome symptom should be targeted fir...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656566.3.7.899

    authors: Müller-Vahl KR

    更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00

  • Review of vorapaxar for the prevention of atherothrombotic events.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Atherosclerosis is frequently caused by clot blockage of the coronary or peripheral arteries, and may lead to myocardial infarction (MI) or peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Despite advancements in management of atherosclerosis, mortality and ischemic rates remain high. Vorapaxar is a protease activated r...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656566.2015.1099629

    authors: Wang A

    更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00

  • Olanzapine pamoate for the treatment of schizophrenia.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Nonadherence is still a major problem in the long-term treatment of schizophrenia. Long-acting injectable or depot atypical antipsychotics are associated with better maintenance. Olanzapine pamoate, available since 2010, is the second depot atypical antipsychotic. AREAS COVERED:This review covers data on ...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656566.2011.553193

    authors: Naber D

    更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00

  • Treatment options in Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia: the role of the purine analogues.

    abstract::The purine nucleoside analogues, either alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents, are increasingly used in the treatment of patients with indolent B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. The initial studies in Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia (WM) are very promising. Approximately 40% of patients who h...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656566.2.6.945

    authors: Owen RG

    更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00