Abstract：
:L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) has been successfully used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) for more than 50 years. It fulfilled the criteria to cross the blood-brain barrier and counteract the biochemical defect of dopamine (DA). It remarkably worked after some adjustments in line with the initial hypothesis, leaving a poor place to the plethora of mechanisms involving other neurotransmitters or mechanisms of action beyond newly synthesized DA itself. Yet, its mechanism of action is far from clear. It involves numerous distinct cell populations and does not mimic the mechanism of action of dopaminergic agonists. L-DOPA-derived DA is mainly released by serotonergic neurons as a false neurotransmitter, and serotonergic neurons are involved in L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. The brain pattern and magnitude of DA extracellular levels together with this status of false neurotransmitters suggest that the striatal effects of DA via this mechanism would be minimal. Other metabolic products coming from newly formed DA or through the metabolism of L-DOPA itself could be involved. These compounds can be trace amines and derivatives. They could accumulate within the terminals of the remaining monoaminergic neurons. These "false neurotransmitters," also known for some of them as inducing an "amphetamine-like" mechanism, could reduce the content of biogenic amines in terminals of monoaminergic neurons, thereby impairing the exocytotic process of monoamines including L-DOPA-induced DA extracellular outflow. The aim of this review is to present the mechanism of action of L-DOPA with a specific attention to "false neurotransmission."
journal_name
Int J Mol Scijournal_title
International journal of molecular sciencesauthors
Chagraoui A,Boulain M,Juvin L,Anouar Y,Barrière G,Deurwaerdère Pdoi
10.3390/ijms21010294subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-12-31 00:00:00issue
1issn
1422-0067pii
ijms21010294journal_volume
21pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Near infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging has strong potential for widespread use in noninvasive tumor imaging. Indocyanine green (ICG) is the only Food and Drug Administration (FDA) -approved NIRF dye for clinical diagnosis; however, it is unstable and poorly targets tumors. DZ-1 is a novel heptamethine cyanine NIRF ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms18061332
更新日期：2017-06-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Maize can form symbiotic relationships with arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungus to increase productivity and resistance, but the miRNAs in maize responsible for this process have not been discovered. In this study, 155 known and 28 novel miRNAs were identified by performing high-throughput sequencing of sRNA in maize ro...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms19103201
更新日期：2018-10-16 00:00:00
abstract：:The majority of the human genome is comprised of non-protein-coding genes, but the relevance of non-coding RNAs in complex diseases has yet to be fully elucidated. One class of non-coding RNAs is long non-coding RNAs or lncRNAs, many of which have been identified to play a range of roles in transcription and translati...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms22031094
更新日期：2021-01-22 00:00:00
abstract：:Glutathione synthetases catalyze the ATP-dependent synthesis of glutathione from l-γ-glutamyl- l-cysteine and glycine. Although these enzymes have been sequenced and characterized from a variety of biological sources, their exact catalytic mechanism is not fully understood and nothing is known about their adaptation a...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms12096312
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Unloading leads to skeletal muscle atrophy via the upregulation of MuRF-1 and MAFbx E3-ligases expression. Reportedly, histone deacetylases (HDACs) 4 and 5 may regulate the expression of MuRF1 and MAFbx. To examine the HDAC-dependent mechanisms involved in the control of E3-ubiquitin ligases expression at the early st...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21134815
更新日期：2020-07-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) resulting from asphyxia in the peripartum period is the most common cause of neonatal brain damage and can result in significant neurologic sequelae, including cerebral palsy. Currently therapeutic hypothermia is the only accepted treatment in addition to supportive care for infan...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms18010017
更新日期：2016-12-22 00:00:00
abstract：:Innate lymphoid cells (ILC) are important players of early immune defenses in situations like lymphoid organogenesis or in case of immune response to inflammation, infection and cancer. Th1 and Th2 antagonism is crucial for the regulation of immune responses, however mechanisms are still unclear for ILC functions. ILC...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20215493
更新日期：2019-11-04 00:00:00
abstract：:We aimed to validate the effect of non-canonical splice site variants in the RPGR gene in five patients from four families diagnosed with retinitis pigmentosa. Four variants located in intron 2 (c.154 + 3_154 + 6del), intron 3 (c.247 + 5G>A), intron 7 (c.779-5T>G), and intron 13 (c.1573-12A>G), respectively, were anal...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms22020850
更新日期：2021-01-16 00:00:00
abstract：:Low temperature stress has a severe impact on the distribution, physiology, and survival of plants in their natural habitats. While numerous studies have focused on the physiological and molecular adjustments to low temperatures, this study provides evidence that cold induced physiological responses coincide with dist...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21228753
更新日期：2020-11-19 00:00:00
abstract：:Adult neurogenesis, involving the generation of functional neurons from adult neural stem cells (NSCs), occurs constitutively in discrete brain regions such as hippocampus, sub-ventricular zone (SVZ) and hypothalamus. The intrinsic structural plasticity of the neurogenic process allows the adult brain to face the cont...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms21228819
更新日期：2020-11-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Chondrocyte dysfunction occurs during the development of osteoarthritis (OA), typically resulting from a deleterious increase in oxidative stress. Accordingly, strategies for arresting oxidative stress-induced chondrocyte dysfunction may lead to new potential therapeutic targets for OA treatment. Forkhead box O (FoxO)...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms19123794
更新日期：2018-11-28 00:00:00
abstract：:A meshless numerical scheme combining the operator splitting method (OSM), the radial basis function (RBF) interpolation, and the method of fundamental solutions (MFS) is developed for solving transient nonlinear bioheat problems in two-dimensional (2D) skin tissues. In the numerical scheme, the nonlinearity caused by...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms16012001
更新日期：2015-01-16 00:00:00
abstract：:In order to use cyanobacteria for the biological production of hydrogen, it is important to thoroughly study the function and the regulation of the hydrogen-production machine in order to better understand its role in the global cell metabolism and identify bottlenecks limiting H2 production. Most of the recent advanc...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms151119938
更新日期：2014-10-31 00:00:00
abstract：:Kidney renal cell carcinoma (KIRC), which is the most common subtype of kidney cancer, has a poor prognosis and a high mortality rate. In this study, a multi-omics analysis is performed to build a multi-gene prognosis signature for KIRC. A combination of a DNA methylation analysis and a gene expression data analysis r...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20225720
更新日期：2019-11-14 00:00:00
abstract：:Molecular motors are microtubule-based proteins which contribute to many cell functions, such as intracellular transportation and cell division. The details of the nature of the mutual interactions between motors and microtubules still needs to be extensively explored. However, electrostatic interaction is known as on...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21144935
更新日期：2020-07-13 00:00:00
abstract：:The ankyrin repeat domain 1 (ANKRD1) protein is a cardiac-specific stress-response protein that is part of the muscle ankyrin repeat protein family. ANKRD1 is functionally pleiotropic, playing pivotal roles in transcriptional regulation, sarcomere assembly and mechano-sensing in the heart. Importantly, cardiac ANKRD1 ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms18071362
更新日期：2017-06-26 00:00:00
abstract：:Sequence-defined recombinant antibodies (rAbs) have emerged as alternatives to hybridoma-secreted monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for performing immunoassays. However, the polyploidy nature of hybridomas often leads to the coexistence of aberrant or non-specific functional variable region (VR) gene transcripts, which com...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21186857
更新日期：2020-09-18 00:00:00
abstract：:The onset and selection of resistant clones during cancer treatment with chemotherapy or targeted therapy is a major issue in the clinical management of metastatic colorectal cancer patients. It is possible that a more personalized treatment selection, using reliable response-to-therapy predictive biomarkers, could le...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms18071547
更新日期：2017-07-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising therapeutic agents for treating antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. Previous studies showed that magainin 2 (isolated from African clawed fogs Xenopus laevis) has antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The present study was conducted ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms19103041
更新日期：2018-10-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), a unique E3 ubiquitin ligase and adaptor protein, is involved in activation of various signaling cascades. Recent studies identify TRAF6 as one of the novel regulators of skeletal muscle atrophy. The role of TRAF6 in glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy, how...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms150611126
更新日期：2014-06-20 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this article is to review current knowledge related to the synthesis and characterization of sol gel-derived SBA-16 mesoporous silicas, as well as a review of the state of the art in this issue, to take stock of knowledge about current and future applications. The ease of the method of preparation, the orde...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms11093069
更新日期：2010-08-31 00:00:00
abstract：:The aqueous solubility (logW) and n-octanol/water partition coefficient (logP(OW)) are important properties for pharmacology, toxicology and medicinal chemistry. Based on an understanding of the dissolution process, the frontier orbital interaction model was suggested in the present paper to describe the solvent-solut...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms9060962
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ten articles published in the "Special Issue: Salicylic Acid Signalling in Plants" are summarized, in order to get a global picture about the mode of action of salicylic acid in plants, and about its interaction with other stress-signalling routes. Its ecological aspects and possible practical use are also discussed. ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 社论
doi：10.3390/ijms21072655
更新日期：2020-04-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) develop hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) regardless of achieving a sustained viral response (SVR). Because advanced liver fibrosis is a powerful risk factor for HCC, we analyzed the association between autotaxin (ATX), a liver fibrosis marker, and post-SVR HCC development wi...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21124517
更新日期：2020-06-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Mitochondria are usually located in the cytoplasm of cells where they generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to empower cellular functions. However, we found circulating mitochondria in human and animal blood. Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of mitochondria in adult human blood plasma. Flow cytometry analyse...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21062122
更新日期：2020-03-19 00:00:00
abstract：:Cell competition (CC) is a feature that allows tumor cells to outcompete and eliminate adjacent cells that are deemed less fit. Studies of CC, first described in Drosophila melanogaster, reveal a diversity of underlying mechanisms. In this review, we will discuss three recent studies that expand our understanding of t...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms22020518
更新日期：2021-01-07 00:00:00
abstract：:G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have a substantial role in tumorigenesis and are described as a "cancer driver". Aberrant expression or activation of GPCRs leads to the deregulation of downstream signaling pathways, thereby promoting cancer progression. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the Wnt signaling pathway ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms19010313
更新日期：2018-01-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Kinase drug discovery represents an active area of therapeutic research, with previous pharmaceutical success improving patient outcomes across a wide variety of human diseases. In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), innovative pharmaceutical strategies such as kinase targeting have been unable to appreciably inc...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms21228823
更新日期：2020-11-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Osteoporosis (OP) is defined as a generalized skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and an alteration of the microarchitecture that lead to an increase in bone fragility and, therefore, an increased risk of fractures. It must be considered today as a true public health problem and the most widespread metabol...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms21134749
更新日期：2020-07-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Notwithstanding the widespread use and promising clinical value of chemotherapy, the pharmacokinetics, toxicology, and mechanism of mitoxantrone remains unclear. To promote the clinical value in the treatment of human diseases and the exploration of potential subtle effects of mitoxantrone, zebrafish embryos were empl...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms19113516
更新日期：2018-11-08 00:00:00
