Abstract：
:Our laboratory and others previously showed that Annexin A2 knockout (A2KO) mice had impaired blood-brain barrier (BBB) development and elevated pro-inflammatory response in macrophages, implying that Annexin A2 (AnxA2) might be one of the key endogenous factors for maintaining homeostasis of the neurovascular unit in the brain. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important cause of disability and mortality worldwide, and neurovascular inflammation plays an important role in the TBI pathophysiology. In the present study, we aimed to test the hypothesis that A2KO promotes pro-inflammatory response in the brain and worsens neurobehavioral outcomes after TBI. TBI was conducted by a controlled cortical impact (CCI) device in mice. Our experimental results showed AnxA2 expression was significantly up-regulated in response to TBI at day three post-TBI. We also found more production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the A2KO mouse brain, while there was a significant increase of inflammatory adhesion molecules mRNA expression in isolated cerebral micro-vessels of A2KO mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Consistently, the A2KO mice brains had a significant increase in leukocyte brain infiltration at two days after TBI. Importantly, A2KO mice had significantly worse sensorimotor and cognitive function deficits up to 28 days after TBI and significantly larger brain tissue loss. Therefore, these results suggested that AnxA2 deficiency results in exacerbated early neurovascular pro-inflammation, which leads to a worse long-term neurologic outcome after TBI.
journal_name
Int J Mol Scijournal_title
International journal of molecular sciencesauthors
Liu N,Jiang Y,Chung JY,Li Y,Yu Z,Kim JW,Lok JM,Whalen MJ,Wang Xdoi
10.3390/ijms20246125subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-12-05 00:00:00issue
24issn
1422-0067pii
ijms20246125journal_volume
20pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Soil salinization, which is primarily due to excessive Na+ levels, is a major abiotic stress adversely affecting plant growth and development. The Na+/H+ antiporter (NHX) is a transmembrane protein mediating the transport of Na+ or K+ and H+ across the membrane to modulate the ionic balance of plants in response to sa...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21207712
更新日期：2020-10-18 00:00:00
abstract：:Nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice spontaneously develop lacrimal and salivary gland autoimmunity similar to human Sjögren syndrome. In both humans and NOD mice, the early immune response that drives T-cell infiltration into lacrimal and salivary glands is poorly understood. In NOD mice, lacrimal gland autoimmunity spontane...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms19103259
更新日期：2018-10-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Ex vivo gene therapy offers enormous potential for cell-based therapies, however, cumbersome in vitro cell culture conditions have limited its use in clinical practice. We have optimized an innovative strategy for the transient transfection of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) expressing plasmids in suspended human...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20010056
更新日期：2018-12-23 00:00:00
abstract：:The acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) is an essential enzyme involved in branched amino acids. Several herbicides wither weeds via inhibiting AHAS activity, and the AHAS mutants show tolerance to these herbicides. However, most AHAS mutations are residue substitutions but not residue deletion. Here, residue deletion wa...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21041265
更新日期：2020-02-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Eggplant cultivation is limited by numerous diseases, including the devastating bacterial wilt (BW) caused by the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC). Within the RSSC, Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum (including phylotypes I and III) causes severe damage to all solanaceous crops, including eggplant. Therefore, t...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms19020357
更新日期：2018-01-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Trials using antisense oligonucleotide technology to lower Huntingtin levels in Huntington's disease (HD) are currently ongoing. This progress, taking place only 27 years after the identification of the Huntingtin gene (HTT) in 1993 reflects the enormous development in genetic engineering in the last decades. It is al...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms21062146
更新日期：2020-03-20 00:00:00
abstract：:MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a major class of small, noncoding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression by targeting mRNAs to trigger either translational repression or mRNA degradation. They have recently been more widely investigated due to their potential role as targets for cancer therapy. Many miRNAs have been impli...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms131013414
更新日期：2012-10-18 00:00:00
abstract：:Protein self-association is a key feature that can modulate the physiological role of proteins or lead to deleterious effects when uncontrolled. Protein oligomerization is a simple way to modify the activity of a protein, as the modulation of binding interfaces allows for self-activation or inhibition, or variation in...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms17050655
更新日期：2016-04-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Wallerian degeneration or nerve demyelination, arising from spinal nerve compression, is thought to bring on chronic neuropathic pain. The widely distributed metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) is involved in modulating nociceptive transmission. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms16034642
更新日期：2015-03-02 00:00:00
abstract：:Several studies have suggested that there is a link between membrane attack complex (MAC) deposition in the retina and the progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Our recent investigation demonstrated that circulating IgG-laden extracellular vesicles contribute to an increase in retinal vascular permeability in DR t...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21051693
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The variable nature of vascular dysfunction in diabetes is not well understood. We explored the functional adaptation of different arteries in db/db mice in relation to increased severity and duration of diabetes. We compared endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilation in the aortae, as well as the carotid and...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21176147
更新日期：2020-08-26 00:00:00
abstract：:CZ48, chemically camptothecin-20-O-propionate hydrate, is currently under clinical investigation. The kinetics of the metabolite camptothecin (CPT) formation and of CZ48 depletion in mouse and human liver microsomes in the presence or absence of NADPH was examined. The formation rate of camptothecin in human liver mic...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms13055498
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Opioid analgesics such as morphine have indispensable roles in analgesia. However, morphine use can elicit side effects such as respiratory depression and constipation. It has been reported that G protein-biased agonists as substitutes for classic opioid agonists can alleviate (or even eliminate) these side effects. T...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21134699
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Species delimitation has long been a difficult and controversial process, and different operational criteria often lead to different results. In particular, investigators using phenotypic vs. molecular data to delineate species may recognize different boundaries, especially if morphologically or ecologically different...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms11020492
更新日期：2010-02-02 00:00:00
abstract：:Metabolic stability is an important parameter to be optimized during the complex process of designing new active compounds. Tuning this parameter with the simultaneous maintenance of a desired compound's activity is not an easy task due to the extreme complexity of metabolic pathways in living organisms. In this study...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms19041040
更新日期：2018-03-30 00:00:00
abstract：:The discovery of cell-free fetal DNA molecules in plasma of pregnant women has created a paradigm shift in noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT). Circulating cell-free DNA in maternal plasma has been increasingly recognized as an important proxy to detect fetal abnormalities in a noninvasive manner. A variety of approac...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms18020453
更新日期：2017-02-20 00:00:00
abstract：:The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is being caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The disease continues to present significant challenges to the health care systems around the world. This is primarily because of the lack of vaccines to protect against the infe...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms21155224
更新日期：2020-07-23 00:00:00
abstract：:Translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) is a high affinity cholesterol- and drug-binding protein highly expressed in steroidogenic cells, such as Leydig cells, where it plays a role in cholesterol mitochondrial transport. We have previously shown that TSPO is expressed in postnatal day 3 rat gonocytes, precursors of sperma...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms17091486
更新日期：2016-09-06 00:00:00
abstract：:Enzymes found in nature have been exploited in industry due to their inherent catalytic properties in complex chemical processes under mild experimental and environmental conditions. The desired industrial goal is often difficult to achieve using the native form of the enzyme. Recent developments in protein engineeri...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms14011232
更新日期：2013-01-10 00:00:00
abstract：:The domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo) is an important model organism for the study of avian influenza and other diseases of humans and animals, as well as a popular pet animal. In order to evaluate genetic diversity and study disease relationships in ferrets, 22 nuclear microsatellite loci (17 dinucleotide and 5...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms131216592
更新日期：2012-12-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Urinary tract infections (UTIs) and catheter-associated UTIs (CAUTIs) are the principal hospital-acquired infections. Proteus mirabilis is characterized by several virulence factors able to promote adhesion and biofilm formation and ameliorate the colonization of urinary tract and the formation of crystalline biofilms...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms18020414
更新日期：2017-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Oxidative damage (production and localization of reactive oxygen species) and related response mechanisms (activity of antioxidant enzymes), and induction of Heat Shock Protein 70 expression, have been studied in the toxi-tolerant liverwort Conocephalum conicum (Marchantiales) in response to cadmium stress using two c...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21186485
更新日期：2020-09-04 00:00:00
abstract：:Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) is a ubiquitously expressed Ca2+ sensor protein that induces permeation of Orai Ca2+ channels upon endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-store depletion. A drop in luminal Ca2+ causes partial unfolding of the N-terminal STIM1 domains and thus initial STIM1 activation. We compared the STIM1 ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21124410
更新日期：2020-06-21 00:00:00
abstract：:SDS-gradient mini-gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting of urine of rats given ochratoxin A (OTA), showed OTA binding to an alpha2u-globulin. Perceived potential internalised delivery of OTA to proximal tubule epithelia by the carrier, specific only to adult male rats and augmenting other uptake mechanisms, suggests ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms9050719
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Perillaldehyde (PAE), an essential oil in Perilla plants, serves as a safe flavor ingredient in foods, and shows an effectively antifungal activity. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in Aspergillus flavus plays a critical role in initiating a metacaspase-dependent apoptosis. However, the reason for ROS accumu...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21041518
更新日期：2020-02-23 00:00:00
abstract：:Metformin is known to alleviate hepatosteatosis by inducing 5' adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-kinase-independent, sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)-mediated autophagy. Dysfunctional mitophagy in response to glucolipotoxicities might play an important role in hepatosteatosis. Here, we investigated the mechanism by which metformin induc...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms17010122
更新日期：2016-01-16 00:00:00
abstract：:Galectins are a family of animal lectins with high affinity for β-galactosides. Galectins are able to bind to bacteria, and a few mammalian galectins are known to kill the bound bacteria. In fish, no galectins with direct bactericidal effect have been reported. In the present study, we identified and characterized a t...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms22010376
更新日期：2020-12-31 00:00:00
abstract：:Epigenetics is defined as the heritable phenotypic changes which do not involve alterations in the DNA sequence, including histone modifications, non-coding RNAs, and DNA methylation. Recently, much attention has been paid to the role of hypoxia-mediated epigenetic regulation in cancer, pulmonary hypertension, adaptat...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms20122937
更新日期：2019-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Photodynamic therapy (PDT) of the thoracic cavity can be performed in conjunction with surgery to treat cancers of the lung and its pleura. However, illumination of the cavity results in tissue exposure to a broad range of fluence rates. In a murine model of intrathoracic PDT, we studied the efficacy of 2-(1-hexyloxye...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms17010101
更新日期：2016-01-14 00:00:00
abstract：:Spinal sarcopenia is a complex and multifactorial disorder associated with a loss of strength, increased frailty, and increased risks of fractures and falls. In addition, spinal sarcopenia has been associated with lumbar spine disorders and osteoporosis, which renders making decisions on treatment modalities difficult...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms21083010
更新日期：2020-04-24 00:00:00
