Abstract:
:Enzymes found in nature have been exploited in industry due to their inherent catalytic properties in complex chemical processes under mild experimental and environmental conditions. The desired industrial goal is often difficult to achieve using the native form of the enzyme. Recent developments in protein engineering have revolutionized the development of commercially available enzymes into better industrial catalysts. Protein engineering aims at modifying the sequence of a protein, and hence its structure, to create enzymes with improved functional properties such as stability, specific activity, inhibition by reaction products, and selectivity towards non-natural substrates. Soluble enzymes are often immobilized onto solid insoluble supports to be reused in continuous processes and to facilitate the economical recovery of the enzyme after the reaction without any significant loss to its biochemical properties. Immobilization confers considerable stability towards temperature variations and organic solvents. Multipoint and multisubunit covalent attachments of enzymes on appropriately functionalized supports via linkers provide rigidity to the immobilized enzyme structure, ultimately resulting in improved enzyme stability. Protein engineering and immobilization techniques are sequential and compatible approaches for the improvement of enzyme properties. The present review highlights and summarizes various studies that have aimed to improve the biochemical properties of industrially significant enzymes.
journal_name
Int J Mol Scijournal_title
International journal of molecular sciencesauthors
Singh RK,Tiwari MK,Singh R,Lee JKdoi
10.3390/ijms14011232subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-01-10 00:00:00pages
1232-77issue
1issn
1422-0067pii
ijms14011232journal_volume
14pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Flower development is a vital developmental process in the life cycle of woody perennials, especially fruit trees. Herein, we used transcriptomic, proteomic, and hormone analyses to investigate the key candidate genes/proteins in loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) at the stages of flower bud differentiation (FBD), floral bu...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms21145107
更新日期:2020-07-20 00:00:00
abstract::Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), a major histologic type of esophageal cancer, is one of the frequent causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Picropodophyllotoxin (PPT) is the main component of Podophyllum hexandrum root with antitumor activity via apoptosis-mediated mechanisms in several cancer cells. How...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms21134640
更新日期:2020-06-30 00:00:00
abstract::Thlaspi arvense is a well-known annual farmland weed with worldwide distribution, which can be found from sea level to above 4000 m high on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). In this paper, a phylogeographic history of T. arvense including 19 populations from China was inferred by using three chloroplast (cp) DNA segm...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms160613339
更新日期:2015-06-11 00:00:00
abstract::Increased platelet activation and apoptosis are characteristic of diabetic (DM) platelets, where a Parkin-dependent mitophagy serves a major endogenous protective role. We now demonstrate that Parkin is highly expressed in both healthy platelets and diabetic platelets, compared to other mitochondria-enriched tissues s...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms21165869
更新日期:2020-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::MicroRNAs are 18-22 nucleotides long, non-coding RNAs that bind transcripts with complementary sequences leading to either mRNA degradation or translational suppression. However, the inherent differences in preferred mode of miRNA regulation among cells of different origin have not been examined. In our previous trans...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms17010072
更新日期:2016-01-08 00:00:00
abstract::Globally, chickpea production is severely affected by salinity stress. Understanding the genetic basis for salinity tolerance is important to develop salinity tolerant chickpeas. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population developed using parental lines ICCV 10 (salt-tolerant) and DCP 92-3 (salt-sensitive) was screened...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms21145058
更新日期:2020-07-17 00:00:00
abstract::NW-G01, produced by Streptomyces alboflavus 313, is a novel cyclic hexapeptide antibiotic with many potential applications, including antimicrobial activity and antitumor agents. This study developed a system for optimizing medium components in order to enhance NW-G01 production. In this study, Plackett-Burman design ...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms13045230
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The diversity and secondary metabolite potential of culturable actinomycetes associated with eight different marine sponges collected from the South China Sea and the Yellow sea were investigated. A total of 327 strains were isolated and 108 representative isolates were selected for phylogenetic analysis. Ten families...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms13055917
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a recent study, we investigated the antimicrobial activity of a collection of resveratrol-derived monomers and dimers against a series of foodborne pathogens. Out of the tested molecules, dehydro-δ-viniferin and dehydro-ε-viniferin emerged as the most promising derivatives. To define the structural elements essenti...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms21062168
更新日期:2020-03-21 00:00:00
abstract::Lung cancer is the most common cancer worldwide. Disappointingly, despite great effort in encouraging screening or, at least, a close surveillance of high-risk individuals, most of lung cancers are diagnosed when already surgically unresectable because of local advancement or metastasis. In these cases, the treatment ...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms18071374
更新日期:2017-06-27 00:00:00
abstract::Chemoradiation-based bladder preservation therapy (BPT) is currently a curative option for non-metastatic muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) patients at favorable risk or an alternative to radical cystectomy (RC) for those who are unfit for RC. In BPT, only patients who achieve complete response (CR) after chemorad...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms19092777
更新日期:2018-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Cultured human primary cells have a limited lifespan undergoing dedifferentiation or senescence. Anterior cruciate ligaments (ACL) are hypocellular but tissue engineering (TE) requires high cell numbers. Simian virus (SV) 40 tumor (T) antigen expression could extend the lifespan of cells. This study aimed to identify ...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms21020593
更新日期:2020-01-16 00:00:00
abstract::The in vitro maturation of oocytes is frequently used as an assisted reproductive technique (ART), and has been successfully established in humans and rodents. To overcome the limitations of ART, novel procedures for the in vitro maturation of early follicles are emerging. During the follicle isolation procedure, the ...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms20051133
更新日期:2019-03-06 00:00:00
abstract::In the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), misfolded and unfolded proteins are eliminated by a process called ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD) in order to maintain cell homeostasis. In the ERAD pathway, several ER-localized E3 ubiquitin ligases target ERAD substrate proteins for ubiquitination and subsequent proteasom...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms17111829
更新日期:2016-11-02 00:00:00
abstract::B-lymphocyte differentiation is one of the best understood developmental pathways in the hematopoietic system. Our understanding of the developmental trajectories linking the multipotent hematopoietic stem cell to the mature functional B-lymphocyte is extensive as a result of efforts to identify and prospectively isol...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms19071928
更新日期:2018-06-30 00:00:00
abstract::Skeletal muscle comprising approximately 40% of body weight is highly important for locomotion and metabolic homeostasis. The growth and regeneration of skeletal muscle are highly organized processes; thus, it is not surprising to reveal certain complexity during these regulatory processes. Recently, a large number of...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms19020405
更新日期:2018-01-30 00:00:00
abstract::The maturation of iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes is still a critical point for their application in cardiovascular research as well as for their clinical use. Although multiple differentiation protocols have been established, researchers failed to generate fully mature cardiomyocytes in vitro possessing identical phenoty...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms21082819
更新日期:2020-04-17 00:00:00
abstract::Sensitive molecular assays are critical for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis. Here, we designed and evaluated two single-tube nested (STN) real-time RT-PCR assays, targeting SARS-CoV-2 RdRp/Hel and N genes. Both STN assays had a low limit of detection and did not cross react with other human coronaviruses...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms21165674
更新日期:2020-08-07 00:00:00
abstract::Atherosclerosis is an arterial inflammatory disease. The circulating level of the C-C chemokine ligand (CCL4) is increased in atherosclerotic patients. This study aimed to investigate whether CCL4 inhibition could retard the progression of atherosclerosis. In ApoE knockout mice, CCL4 antibody treatment reduced circula...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms21186567
更新日期:2020-09-08 00:00:00
abstract::The common mutation BRAFV600 in primary melanomas activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) pathway and the introduction of proto-oncogene B-Raf (BRAF) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitors (BRAFi and MEKi) was a breakthrough in the treatment...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms21134576
更新日期:2020-06-27 00:00:00
abstract::(1) Background: A high incidence of intervening sequence (IVS)4+919 G>A mutation with later-onset cardiac phenotype have been reported in a majority of Taiwan Fabry cohorts. Some evidence indicated that conventional biomarkers failed to predict the long-term progression and therapeutic outcome; (2) Methods: In this st...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms19051480
更新日期:2018-05-16 00:00:00
abstract::A complex antioxidant system has been developed in mammals to relieve oxidative stress. However, excessive reactive species derived from oxygen and nitrogen may still lead to oxidative damage to tissue and organs. Oxidative stress has been considered as a conjoint pathological mechanism, and it contributes to initiati...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms161125942
更新日期:2015-11-02 00:00:00
abstract::The dysfunction of astrocytic inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) 4.1 channels, which mediate the spatial potassium-buffering function of astrocytes, is known to be involved in the development of epilepsy. Here, we analyzed the Kir4.1 expressional changes in Leucine-Rich Glioma-Inactivated 1 (Lgi1) mutant rats, which ...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms20051013
更新日期:2019-02-26 00:00:00
abstract::Vascular calcification (VC) is an important complication among patients of advanced age, those with chronic kidney disease, and those with diabetes mellitus. The pathophysiology of VC encompasses passive occurrence of physico-chemical calcium deposition, active cellular secretion of osteoid matrix upon exposure to met...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms21030980
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Passage of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins (apoB-LPs), i.e., triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs), intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDLs), and low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), through the endothelial monolayer occurs in normal and atherosclerotic arteries. Among these lipoproteins, TRLs and IDLs are apoE-r...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms19113593
更新日期:2018-11-14 00:00:00
abstract::Sequence-defined recombinant antibodies (rAbs) have emerged as alternatives to hybridoma-secreted monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for performing immunoassays. However, the polyploidy nature of hybridomas often leads to the coexistence of aberrant or non-specific functional variable region (VR) gene transcripts, which com...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms21186857
更新日期:2020-09-18 00:00:00
abstract::The mosquito-borne viral disease caused by the Dengue virus is an expanding global threat. Diagnosis in low-resource-settings and epidemiological surveillance urgently requires new immunoprobes for serological tests. Structure-based epitope prediction is an efficient method to design diagnostic peptidic probes able to...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms20081921
更新日期:2019-04-18 00:00:00
abstract::Cynoglossus semilaevis is an important economic fish species and has long been cultivated in China. Since the completion of its genome and transcriptome sequencing, genes relating to C. semilaevis development have been extensively studied. R-spondin 3 (Rspo3) is a member of the R-spondin family. It plays an important ...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms19071915
更新日期:2018-06-29 00:00:00
abstract::Idiopathic osteoporosis and nephrolithiasis are formidable health problems showing a progressive increase in their incidence and prevalence in the last decades. These temporal trends were observed in both pediatric and adult populations worldwide. Epidemiological and experimental studies indicate that both disorders s...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms21218183
更新日期:2020-10-31 00:00:00
abstract::Extending carbon frameworks via a series of C-C bond forming reactions is essential for the synthesis of natural products, pharmaceutically active compounds, active agrochemical ingredients, and a variety of functional materials. The application of stereoselective C-C bond forming reactions to the one-pot synthesis of...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms15022087
更新日期:2014-01-29 00:00:00