Abstract：
:Opioids are used in clinical practice to relieve moderate to severe pain. Prolonged use of opioids can lead to a situation of analgesic tolerance and dependence. Several mechanisms are involved in the tolerance to analgesic opioids, including desensitization or internalization of the opioid receptor, elevation of cAMP levels, microglial activation and neuroinflammation, elevation of spinal mTOR activity and change in the expression of some proteins involved in tolerance, such as nNOS. Activation of the AMPK pathway inhibits mTOR and p38 MAPK ameliorating neuroinflammation and tolerance induced by morphine. Metformin, a potent antidiabetic agent, can also activate AMPK. Morphine tolerance was induced in mice by intraperitoneal administration three times daily at 08:00, 11.00 and 16.00 h of 50, 50 and 75 mg/kg morphine, respectively during four days. On the fifth day mice received a single injection of morphine 50 mg/kg. To evaluate the effects of metformin in development of morphine-induced analgesic tolerance a group of mice received metformin (10 mg/kg) 45 min before each morphine administration. Tail flick and hot plate tests were performed to estimate analgesic latency on days 1, 3 and 5. At five days, the animals were sacrificed, the brain dissected and nitrite levels determined. Chronic metformin administration significantly increased the analgesic latency on days 3 and 5 compared to the morphine group in hot plate test and in tail flick test. Chronic and acute metformin administration significantly decreased nitric oxide level compare to morphine group. The present results revealed that metformin attenuated analgesic tolerance induced by repeated intraperitoneal injections of morphine in mice.
journal_name
Neurosci Lettjournal_title
Neuroscience lettersauthors
Shirooie S,Esmaeili J,Sureda A,Esmaeili N,Mirzaee Saffari P,Yousefi-Manesh H,Dehpour ARdoi
10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134638subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-01-18 00:00:00pages
134638eissn
0304-3940issn
1872-7972pii
S0304-3940(19)30741-4journal_volume
716pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:We characterized muscarnic and purinergic receptors and urodynamic parameters in the bladder of cyclophosphamide (CYP)-treated rats to clarify the mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of interstitial cystitis (IC). In the cystometry of CYP-treated rats compared with control rats, the micturition interval and mic...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2008.02.065
更新日期：2008-05-02 00:00:00
abstract：:Expression levels of amyloid beta (Abeta)-degrading enzymes, insulin degrading enzyme (IDE) and neprilysin (NEP), were examined in transgenic mice with Alzheimer's disease-like neuropathology. After the development of first Abeta plaques in transgenic mice brain, cortical mRNA and protein levels of IDE were significan...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2008.04.025
更新日期：2008-06-20 00:00:00
abstract：:A culture of peripheral nerve cells enriched in Schwann cells was obtained from sciatic nerve in normal and demyelinating trembler mutant. These cells incorporated and metabolized a non-physiological trans fatty acid (elaidic aid) as well as the physiological cis isomer (oleic acid). Both acids were incorporated simil...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(82)90292-0
更新日期：1982-05-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Cellular locations, axonal projections, and synaptic effects of inhibitory vestibulocollic (VC) neurons activated by the ampullary nerve of the posterior semicircular canal (PCN) were studied in anesthetized cats. The inhibitory VC neurons were identified by their monosynaptic responses to PCN stimulation and by their...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(90)90824-s
更新日期：1990-11-13 00:00:00
abstract：:A statistical approach to reveal the quantal behaviour of postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) is described. This includes: (1) obtaining the Fourier line spectrum (decomposition into harmonics) of the PSP histogram; and (2) testing the null hypothesis, 'the spectrum is that of white noise', using an ANOVA. The harmonic tha...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(93)90390-7
更新日期：1993-12-12 00:00:00
abstract：:As noted in the aging literature, processing delays often occur in the central nervous system with increasing age, which is often attributable in part to demyelination. In addition, differential slowing between sensory systems has been shown to be most discrepant between visual (up to 20ms) and auditory systems (<5ms)...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2010.08.023
更新日期：2010-10-22 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study, we have developed a microarray including 1467 cDNAs that were selected to specifically measure stress response in peripheral blood leukocytes. Venous blood was collected from 10 graduate students 2 h before and 2 or 24 h after an open presentation for their Ph.D. The mRNA levels in leukocytes were compa...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2005.01.081
更新日期：2005-06-10 00:00:00
abstract：:In the adult, the dickkopf family member Dickkopf-like1 (Dkkl1) has been described as a testicular protein involved in the regulation of spermatocyte apoptosis. However, microarray studies additionally suggested that Dkkl1 regulation is involved in various tumors including high grade gliomas. Since investigations of D...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2012.12.040
更新日期：2013-02-22 00:00:00
abstract：:The Heat Shock Factors (HSFs) have been historically identified as a family of transcription factors that are activated and work in a stress-responsive manner, after exposure to a large variety of stimuli. However, they are also critical in normal conditions, in a life long manner, in a number of physiological process...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2020.134895
更新日期：2020-04-23 00:00:00
abstract：:Differential performance over a wide range of possible postural coordination modes was investigated using 16 ankle-hip relative phase patterns from 0 degrees to 337.5 degrees. Participants were instructed to produce each coordination mode with and without real time visual feedback. Feedback consisted of a Lissajous fi...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2004.10.043
更新日期：2005-02-10 00:00:00
abstract：:The endosome/lysosome system in the nervous system is critically important for a variety of neuronal functions such as neurite outgrowth, retrograde transport, and synaptic plasticity. In neurons, the endosome/lysosome system is crucial for the activity-dependent internalization of membrane proteins and contributes to...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2015.07.021
更新日期：2015-09-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Prominent accounts of decision making state that decisions are made on the basis of an accumulation of sensory evidence, orchestrated by networks of prefrontal and parietal neural populations. Here we assess whether these findings generalize to decisions on self-motion. Participants were presented with whole body yaw ...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2017.04.053
更新日期：2017-07-27 00:00:00
abstract：:In the hypothalamus of androgen-insensitive testicular feminized (Tfm) mice the normal pattern of immunohistochemical staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is markedly different from normal. Along the borders of the third ventricle and in the dorsomedial and arcuate nuclei, the numbers of stained astrocy...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(90)90252-5
更新日期：1990-10-02 00:00:00
abstract：:The Dex/CRH test is one of the most reliable neuroendocrine function tests for hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) system dysregulation in depression. Persistent overdrive of HPA system activity after successful antidepressant treatment predicts an enhanced risk for relapse of a depressive episode. As the reni...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0304-3940(02)00527-x
更新日期：2002-08-16 00:00:00
abstract：:To study zinc (Zn) mobility in the rat olfactory tract, brain distribution of 65Zn after injection into the olfactory bulb or amygdaloid nuclei was analyzed by autoradiography. Twenty-four hours after 65Zn injection into the olfactory bulb, 65Zn was distributed in the ipsilateral piriform cortex, amygdaloid nuclei and...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0304-3940(97)00181-x
更新日期：1997-03-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Selective injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the left and median lobes (LM) and into the right and caudate (RC) lobes of the liver is followed by labeling of neuronal somata in the right and left nodose ganglia. The size distribution of the labeled neuronal population shows that the afferent neurons from t...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(85)90364-7
更新日期：1985-12-04 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the present study is to investigate the mechanisms of suppression of splenic natural killer (NK) cytotoxicity caused by cold stress, using 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) as chemical sympathectomy. The NK activity was measured by (51)chromium release assay. Central sympathectomy with intracerebroventricular inje...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2003.11.007
更新日期：2004-03-18 00:00:00
abstract：:Calcium homeostasis in synaptosomes is altered during ageing. The cytosolic free calcium concentration, [Ca2+]i was determined in synaptosomes and crude synaptosomal fractions from 3- and 24-month-old rats with the fluorescent indicator quin-2. The [Ca2+]i were around two times higher in 24-month-old rats than in adul...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(88)90234-0
更新日期：1988-06-07 00:00:00
abstract：:The photoactivable compound phenylazide interacts reversibly with the frog's olfactory epithelium when delivered as an olfactory stimulus. Its application together with UV irradiation resulted in a differential reduction of the responses (electro-olfactogram) to several odorants. It was found that this chemical modifi...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(83)90439-1
更新日期：1983-06-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Little is known about the metabolic process of tau and tau-derived substances. Alz-50- and tau 2-immunoreactivities in intracellular granules of neurons were observed in regions surrounding infarcted foci in the human cerebral cortex. Ultrastructurally, these granules in the fresh infarcted region exhibited primary ly...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0304-3940(00)01009-0
更新日期：2000-04-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of two pig brains was realized. The animals were placed in the stereotaxic conditions currently used in experiments. To allow the positioning of the animal in the MRI instrument, landmarks were previously traced on the snout of the pig. To avoid movements, animals were deeply anestheti...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(93)90452-q
更新日期：1993-06-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Nitric oxide (NO) from endothelial or neuronal NO synthases (eNOS or nNOS) may contribute both to the cerebrovascular responses to oxygen and potentially to the peroxynitrite-mediated toxic effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO(2)) on the central nervous system (CNS O(2) toxicity). In mice lacking eNOS or nNOS (-/-), regi...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0304-3940(03)00432-4
更新日期：2003-06-19 00:00:00
abstract：:Bath application of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) to rat hypothalamic slices inhibited the spontaneous firing rate of continuously firing neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus or paraventricular nucleus. This inhibitory effect is most likely direct and independent of synaptic transmission...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0304-3940(00)00823-5
更新日期：2000-03-31 00:00:00
abstract：:Hippocampal output is mediated via the subiculum, which is the principal target of CA1 pyramidal cells, and which sends projections to a variety of cortical and subcortical regions. Pyramidal cells in the subiculum display two different firing modes and are classified as being burst-spiking or regular-spiking. In a pr...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2008.11.012
更新日期：2009-01-16 00:00:00
abstract：:Spinocerebellar ataxia type 17 (SCA17) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease caused by CAG expansion in the gene encoding the TATA-binding protein (TBP). The neurological features of SCA17 are Purkinje cell loss and gliosis. We have generated SCA17 transgenic mice which recapitulate the patients' phenotyp...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135337
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:A single session of aerobic exercise is linked to faster motor responses; however, the effect on rate of short-term learning is less clear. The objective was to evaluate the influence of a single bout of aerobic exercise on the rate of short-term acquisition of a shape-letter association task requiring a mot...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2016.06.064
更新日期：2016-08-26 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of the study was to investigate the presence and distribution of nerve cell bodies and small ganglia in the stroma of human submandibular gland. A retrospective immunohistochemical study in 13 human submandibular glands, fixed in neutral buffered formalin and embedded in paraffin wax, was undertaken. Six...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2010.03.045
更新日期：2010-05-07 00:00:00
abstract：:We have studied a monkey model of lingual dyskinesia, due to a midbrain lesion, which is markedly increased by apomorphine. In such animals a single large intramuscular dose of haloperidol (HAL), 1 mg/kg, almost completely abolishes the apomorphine potentiation after 24 h, but 15 days later there is a 5-fold increase ...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(86)90101-1
更新日期：1986-02-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Bereitschaftspotentials (BPs) preceding muscle relaxation and contraction were compared by using subdural electrodes which were implanted onto the right medial frontal surface in two patients with supplementary motor area (SMA) seizure. The applied movement paradigm (muscle relaxation and contraction tasks) was comple...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0304-3940(98)00149-9
更新日期：1998-03-20 00:00:00
abstract：:c-Fos is one of the transcription factors contributing to the regulation of the downstream gene expression. Administration of dopamine D1 receptor agonist or D2 receptor antagonist have been known to induce c-Fos expressions in striatal projection neurons. We examined the effects of unilateral ablation of the globus p...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0304-3940(97)00952-x
更新日期：1998-01-16 00:00:00
