Abstract:
:A fundamental question in ecology is how the success of a taxon changes through time and what drives this change. This question is commonly approached using trajectories averaged over a group of taxa. Using results from probability theory, we show analytically and using examples that averaged trajectories will be more symmetric as the number of averaged trajectories increases, even if none of the original trajectories they were derived from is symmetric. This effect is not only based on averaging, but also on the introduction of noise and the incorporation of a priori known origination and extinction times. This implies that averaged trajectories are not suitable for deriving information about the processes driving the success of taxa. In particular, symmetric waxing and waning, which is commonly observed and interpreted to be linked to a number of different paleobiological processes, does not allow drawing any conclusions about the nature of the underlying process.
journal_name
PeerJjournal_title
PeerJauthors
Hohmann N,Jarochowska Edoi
10.7717/peerj.8011subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-11-06 00:00:00pages
e8011issn
2167-8359pii
8011journal_volume
7pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
PeerJ文献大全abstract::Loud calls are used by many species as long-distance signals for group defense, mate attraction, and inter- and intragroup spacing. Chimpanzee loud calls, or pant hoots, are used in a variety of contexts including group coordination and during male contests. Here, we observed an alpha male takeover in wild chimpanzees...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.5079
更新日期:2018-06-28 00:00:00
abstract::The incidence of pediatric cancer is lower than that of adult cancer worldwide. However, the former has detrimental side effects on the health of individuals, even after the cancer is cured, due to the impact of treatment on development. Recently, correlations have been made between the gut microbiome and cancer in se...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.7683
更新日期:2019-09-23 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Oral cancer progresses from hyperplastic epithelial lesions through dysplasia to invasive carcinoma. The critical needs in oral cancer treatment are expanding our knowledge of malignant tumour progression and the development of useful approaches to prevent dysplastic lesions. This study was designed to gain ...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.10619
更新日期:2021-01-04 00:00:00
abstract::Quantitative morphometric analyses, particularly ontogenetic allometry, are common methods used in quantifying shape, and changes therein, in both extinct and extant organisms. Due to incompleteness and the potential for restricted sample sizes in the fossil record, palaeobiological analyses of allometry may encounter...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.818
更新日期:2015-03-10 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. In addition to its highly debilitating motor symptoms, non-motor symptoms may precede their motor counterparts by many years, which may characterize a prodromal phase of PD. A potential pharmacological strategy is to introduce neu...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.4957
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Equine Herpesviruses (EHV) are common and often latent pathogens of equids which can cause fatalities when transmitted to non-equids. Stress and elevated glucocorticoids have been associated with EHV reactivation in domestic horses, but little is known about the correlation between stress and viral reactivation in wil...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.5422
更新日期:2018-08-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This study examines the biophysical and preclinical pulmonary activity of synthetic lung surfactants containing novel phospholipase-resistant phosphonolipids or synthetic glycerophospholipids combined with Super Mini-B (S-MB) DATK and/or SP-Css ion-lock 1 peptides that replicate the functional biophysics of ...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.2635
更新日期:2016-10-27 00:00:00
abstract::What are the greatest sizes that the largest marine megafauna obtain? This is a simple question with a difficult and complex answer. Many of the largest-sized species occur in the world's oceans. For many of these, rarity, remoteness, and quite simply the logistics of measuring these giants has made obtaining accurate...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.715
更新日期:2015-01-13 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) are a widespread, vocal baleen whale best known for producing song, a complex, repetitive, geographically distinct acoustic signal sung by males, predominantly in a breeding context. Humpback whales worldwide also produce non-song vocalizations ("calls") throughout th...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.5365
更新日期:2018-07-30 00:00:00
abstract::Here we present the first two complete plastid genomes for Brunelliaceae, a Neotropical family with a single genus, Brunellia. We surveyed the entire plastid genome in order to find variable cpDNA regions for further phylogenetic analyses across the family. We sampled morphologically different species, B. antioquensis...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.8392
更新日期:2020-01-28 00:00:00
abstract::Zoigê Plateau, China's largest plateau marsh wetland, has experienced large-scale degradation of the marsh wetland and evolution of the wetland landscape pattern over the past 40 years due to climate warming and human activities. How exactly do the wetland landscape pattern characteristics change? How do climatic chan...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.9904
更新日期:2020-09-29 00:00:00
abstract::LIMKi 3 is a specific selective LIMK inhibitor against LIMK1 and LIMK2, while LIMK1 and LIMK2 are the main regulators of actin cytoskeleton to participate in many cell activities. However, the effect of LIMKi 3 in porcine oocyte meiosis is still unclear. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of LIM...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.2553
更新日期:2016-10-12 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aim of our study was to identify barriers and enablers to implementation of the Xpert MTB/RIF test within Mongolia's National Tuberculosis Program. METHODS:Twenty-foursemi-structured interviews were conducted between June and September 2015 with laboratory staff and tuberculosis physicians in Mongolia's ...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.3567
更新日期:2017-07-14 00:00:00
abstract::Percent of body fat and physiological stress are important correlates to wildlife demographics. We studied winter percent of body fat and physiological stress levels for a declining elk (Cervus canadensis nelsoni) population in South Dakota, 2011-2013. We obtained percent of winter body fat, pregnancy status, lactatio...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.7185
更新日期:2019-06-27 00:00:00
abstract::Monkeypox (MPX) is a zoonotic disease similar to smallpox. Its fatality rate is about 11% and it is endemic to the Central and West African countries. In this paper, we analyze a compartmental model of MPX dynamics. Our goal is to see whether MPX can be controlled and eradicated by voluntary vaccinations. We show that...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.9272
更新日期:2020-06-22 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Simao pine (Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon var. langbianensis (A. Chev.) Gaussen) is one of the most important tree species in the production of timber and resin in China. However, the genetic diversity of the natural populations has not been assessed to date. In this study, sequence related amplified polymorp...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.6529
更新日期:2019-02-26 00:00:00
abstract::We examine heritability estimation of an ordinal trait for osteoarthritis, using a population of pig-tailed macaques from the Washington National Primate Research Center (WaNPRC). This estimation is non-trivial, as the data consist of ordinal measurements on 16 intervertebral spaces throughout each macaque's spinal co...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.373
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Endometriosis (EMs) is a non-malignant gynecological disease, whose pathogenesis remains to be clarified. Recent studies have found that hypoxia induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) as well as epigenetic modification in EMs. However, the relationship between EMT and demethylation modification unde...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.9950
更新日期:2020-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::The incorporation of feedback into a person's body schema is well established. The crossmodal congruency task (CCT) is used to objectively quantify incorporation without being susceptible to experimenter biases. This visual-tactile interference task is used to calculate the crossmodal congruency effect (CCE) score as ...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.6976
更新日期:2019-05-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Amoebiasis is the third most common parasitic cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in countries with poor hygienic settings. There exists an ambiguity in the diagnosis of amoebiasis, and hence there arises a necessity for a better diagnostic approach. Serine-rich Entamoeba histolyticaprotein (SREHP...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.3160
更新日期:2017-06-28 00:00:00
abstract::The mammalian pelvis is thought to exhibit adaptations to the functional demands of locomotor behaviors. Previous work in primates has identified form-function relationships between pelvic shape and locomotor behavior; few studies have documented such relationships in carnivorans, instead focusing on long bones. Most ...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.8574
更新日期:2020-02-20 00:00:00
abstract::In most electric fish species, the electric organ (EO) derives from striated muscle cells that suppress many muscle properties. In the gymnotiform Sternopygus macrurus, mature electrocytes, the current-producing cells of the EO, do not contain sarcomeres, yet they continue to make some cytoskeletal and sarcomeric prot...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.1828
更新日期:2016-04-14 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Complement factor C3 represents the central component of the complement cascade and its activation split product C3a plays an important role in inflammation and disease. Many human disorders are linked to dysregulation of the complement system and alteration in interaction molecules. Therefore, various thera...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.8218
更新日期:2019-12-16 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Mangroves are important coastal ecosystems known for high photosynthetic productivity and the ability to support marine food chains through supply of dissolved carbon or particular organic matter. Most of the carbon found in mangroves is produced by its vegetation and is decomposed in root associated sedimen...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.5710
更新日期:2018-10-04 00:00:00
abstract::Healthy, older adults are widely reported to experience cognitive decline, including impairments in inhibitory control. However, this general proposition has recently come under scrutiny because ageing effects are highly variable between individuals, are task dependent, and are sometimes not distinguished from general...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.8401
更新日期:2020-01-09 00:00:00
abstract::We describe a new species of Oligodon from the highlands of the Langbian Plateau, southern Truong Son Mountains, Vietnam, based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses. The new species, Oligodon rostralissp. nov is distinguished from its congeners by the following morphological characters: medium size in ...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.8332
更新日期:2020-01-06 00:00:00
abstract::The ability to accurately identify and label emotions in the self and others is crucial for successful social interactions and good mental health. In the current study we tested the longitudinal relationship between early language skills and recognition of facial and vocal emotion cues in a representative UK populatio...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.9118
更新日期:2020-05-12 00:00:00
abstract:Background:The enriched environment (EE) is a laboratory housing model that emerged from efforts to minimize the impact of environmental conditions on laboratory animals. Recently, we showed that EE promoted positive effects on behavior and cortisol levels in zebrafish submitted to the unpredictable chronic stress (UCS...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.5136
更新日期:2018-07-05 00:00:00
abstract::Ortleppascaris sinensis is the dominant nematode species infecting the gastrointestinal tract of the captive Chinese alligator, a critically endangered species. Gastrointestinal nematode infection may cause a loss of appetite, growth, a development disorder, and even mortality in alligators, especially young ones. Thi...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.7607
更新日期:2019-09-06 00:00:00
abstract::Alzheimer's disease is a multifactorial disorder caused by the interaction of genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. The formation of cytotoxic oligomers consisting of Aβ peptide is widely accepted as being one of the main key events triggering the development of Alzheimer's disease. Aβ peptide production resu...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.3086
更新日期:2017-04-12 00:00:00