Abstract:
:Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) are a heterogeneous group of cancers arising from the mucosal lining of the oral cavity. A majority of these cancers are associated with lifestyle risk habits including smoking, excessive alcohol consumption and betel quid chewing. Cetuximab, targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor was approved for the treatment of OSCC in 2006, and remains the only molecular targeted therapy available for OSCC. Here, we reviewed the current findings from genomic analyses of OSCC and discuss how these studies inform on the biological mechanisms underlying OSCC. Exome sequencing revealed that the significantly mutated genes are mainly tumour suppressors. Mutations in FAT1, CASP8, CDKN2A, and NOTCH1 are more frequently found in OSCC when compared to non-OSCC head and neck cancers and other squamous cell carcinomas, and HRAS and PIK3CA are the only significantly mutated oncogenes. The distribution of these mutations also differs in populations with distinct risk habits. Gene expression-based molecular classification showed that OSCC can be divided into distinct subtypes and these have a preferential response to different types of therapies, suggesting that these classifications could have clinical implications. More recently, with the approval of checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of cancers including OSCC, genomics studies also dissected the genetic signatures of the immune compartment to delineate immune-active and -exhausted subtypes that could inform on the immune status of OSCC patients and guide the development of novel therapies to improve response to immunotherapy. Taken together, genomics studies are informing on the biology of both the epithelial and stromal compartments underlying OSCC development, and we discuss the opportunities and challenges in using these to derive clinical benefit for OSCC patients.
journal_name
Semin Cancer Bioljournal_title
Seminars in cancer biologyauthors
Chai AWY,Lim KP,Cheong SCdoi
10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.09.011subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-04-01 00:00:00pages
71-83eissn
1044-579Xissn
1096-3650pii
S1044-579X(19)30260-3journal_volume
61pub_type
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journal_title:Seminars in cancer biology
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journal_title:Seminars in cancer biology
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journal_title:Seminars in cancer biology
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journal_title:Seminars in cancer biology
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journal_title:Seminars in cancer biology
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journal_title:Seminars in cancer biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Seminars in cancer biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Seminars in cancer biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Seminars in cancer biology
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journal_title:Seminars in cancer biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2004.04.014
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journal_title:Seminars in cancer biology
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journal_title:Seminars in cancer biology
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journal_title:Seminars in cancer biology
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journal_title:Seminars in cancer biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.05.003
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journal_title:Seminars in cancer biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Seminars in cancer biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.09.001
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Seminars in cancer biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.05.008
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journal_title:Seminars in cancer biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.06.017
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journal_title:Seminars in cancer biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Seminars in cancer biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Seminars in cancer biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2011.07.002
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abstract::Small molecule inhibitors target specific metabolic pathways in tumor cells and are a promising class of drugs for the treatment of cancers. The best known example is the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) with Gleevec. This is a small molecule inhibitor of the Bcr-Abl kinase which has been shown to drive the...
journal_title:Seminars in cancer biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2005.07.002
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journal_title:Seminars in cancer biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1006/scbi.2001.0416
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journal_title:Seminars in cancer biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.06.001
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journal_title:Seminars in cancer biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2007.08.004
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journal_title:Seminars in cancer biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2003.10.001
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journal_title:Seminars in cancer biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2011.05.001
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::More than 70% of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are diagnosed with metastases, leading to poor prognosis. For some cancer patients with limited sites of metastatic tumors, the term oligometastatic disease (OMD) has been coined as opposed to systemic polymetastasis (PMD) disease. Stephan Paget first described an organ-s...
journal_title:Seminars in cancer biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00