Abstract：
:Streptococcus pneumoniae remains the most common bacterial pathogen causing lower respiratory tract infections and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in children and the elderly. Another important aspect related to pneumococcal infections is the persistent rate of penicillin and macrolide resistance. Therefore, animal models have been developed to better understand the pathogenesis of pneumococcal disease and test new therapeutic agents and vaccines. This narrative review will focus on the characteristics of the different animal pneumococcal pneumonia models. The assessment of the different animal models will include considerations regarding pneumococcal strains, microbiology properties, procedures used for bacterial inoculation, pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and preventive approaches.
journal_name
Int J Mol Scijournal_title
International journal of molecular sciencesauthors
Borsa N,Pasquale MD,Restrepo MIdoi
10.3390/ijms20174220subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-08-28 00:00:00issue
17issn
1422-0067pii
ijms20174220journal_volume
20pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Spirulina maxima, a microalga containing high levels of protein and many polyphenols, including chlorophyll a and C-phycocyanin, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory therapeutic effects. However, the mechanisms where by Spirulina maxima ameliorates cognitive disorders induced by amyloid-β 1-42 (Aβ1-42) are not fully ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms18112401
更新日期：2017-11-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Polyphenolic compounds contained in cherry extract (CE) are well known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Unfortunately, most of these natural compounds have low oral bioavailability, reducing their widespread use. Here, different concentrations of polyphenol-rich CE from Tuscany (Italy), encapsul...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20071759
更新日期：2019-04-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Plants tolerate cold stress by regulating gene networks controlling cellular and physiological traits to modify growth and development. Transcription factor (TF)-directed regulation of transcription within these gene networks is key to eliciting appropriate responses. Identifying TFs related to cold tolerance contribu...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21061921
更新日期：2020-03-11 00:00:00
abstract：:The MP2 and DFT/B3LYP methods at 6-311++G(d,p) and aug-cc-pdz basis sets have been used to probe the origin of relative stability preference for eclipsed acetaldehyde over its bisected counterpart. A relative energy stability range of 1.02 to 1.20 kcal/mol, in favor of the eclipsed conformer, was found and discussed. ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms131115360
更新日期：2012-11-20 00:00:00
abstract：:In plants, microRNAs have been indicated to control various developmental processes, including somatic embryogenesis (SE), which is triggered in the in vitro cultured somatic cells of plants. Although a transcriptomic analysis has indicated that numerous MIRNAs are differentially expressed in the SE of different plant...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20205221
更新日期：2019-10-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Wild barley eibi1 mutant with HvABCG31 gene mutation has low capacity to retain leaf water, a phenotype associated with reduced cutin deposition and a thin cuticle. To better understand how such a mutant plant survives, we performed a genome-wide gene expression analysis. The leaf transcriptomes between the near-isoge...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms141020478
更新日期：2013-10-14 00:00:00
abstract：:Mucopolysaccharidosis type II is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency of iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS) and characterized by the accumulation of the primary storage substrate, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Understanding central nervous system (CNS) pathophysiology in neuronopathic MPS II (nMPS II) has been hi...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21155188
更新日期：2020-07-22 00:00:00
abstract：:Many studies have provided evidence suggesting that caspases not only contribute to the neurodegeneration associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) but also play essential roles in promoting the underlying pathology of this disease. Studies regarding the caspase inhibition draw researchers' attention through time due t...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20194850
更新日期：2019-09-29 00:00:00
abstract：:Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a major cause of stroke, with high mortality and morbidity. There is no effective pharmacological therapy for ICH. Previous studies have indicated that CXCR4 antagonists reduced microglia activation, attenuated infiltration of T cells, and improved functional recovery in ischemic stro...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21197085
更新日期：2020-09-25 00:00:00
abstract：:The nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RARs) function as ligand-dependent transcriptional regulators and include three subtypes (RARα, RARβ and RARγ), which control the expression of specific gene subsets subsequent to ligand binding and to strictly controlled phosphorylation processes. Extracellular matrix (ECM) accumu...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms131114073
更新日期：2012-10-31 00:00:00
abstract：:Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II molecule influences host antigen presentation and anti-viral immune response. The aim of this study was to investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within HLA class II gene were associated with different clinical outcomes of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Th...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms160816792
更新日期：2015-07-23 00:00:00
abstract：:Non-melanomatous skin cancers (NMSCs), which include basal and squamous cell carcinoma (BCC and SCC respectively), represent a significant burden on the population, as well as an economic load to the health care system; yet treatments of these preventable cancers remain ineffective. Studies estimate that there has bee...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms18071369
更新日期：2017-06-27 00:00:00
abstract：:The interactions of chemokines with their G protein-coupled receptors promote the migration of leukocytes during normal immune function and as a key aspect of the inflammatory response to tissue injury or infection. This review summarizes the major cellular and biochemical mechanisms by which the interactions of chemo...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms18020342
更新日期：2017-02-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Over the years, anthropogenic factors have led to cadmium (Cd) accumulation in the environment causing various health problems in humans. Although Cd is not a Fenton-like metal, it induces oxidative stress in various animal models via indirect mechanisms. The degree of Cd-induced oxidative stress depends on the dose, ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms14036116
更新日期：2013-03-18 00:00:00
abstract：:Skeletal muscles respond to environmental and physiological changes by varying their size, fiber type, and metabolic properties. P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is one of several signaling pathways that drive the metabolic adaptation of skeletal muscle to exercise. p38 MAPK also participates in the develop...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms21186480
更新日期：2020-09-04 00:00:00
abstract：:Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) has been well established as an important extracellular ligand of autocrine signaling, intercellular communication, and neurotransmission with numerous physiological and pathophysiological roles. In addition to the classical exocytosis, non-vesicular mechanisms of cellular ATP release have...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms19030808
更新日期：2018-03-11 00:00:00
abstract：:Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, is a group 1 carcinogen that introduces mutagenic DNA adducts into the genome. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the involvement of silymarin in the reduction of DNA adduct formation by B[a]P-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE)...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21072369
更新日期：2020-03-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Down syndrome (DS) or trisomy of chromosome 21 (Hsa21) is characterized by impaired hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. These alterations are due to defective neurogenesis and to neuromorphological and functional anomalies of numerous neuronal populations, including hippocampal granular cells (GCs). It has been...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms22031259
更新日期：2021-01-27 00:00:00
abstract：:In the presence of dietary lipids, both apolipoprotein A-IV (ApoA-IV) production and brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis are increased. The effect of dietary lipid-induced AproA-IV on BAT thermogenesis and energy expenditure remains unknown. In the present study, we hypothesized that ApoA-IV knockout (ApoA-IV-KO)...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20133176
更新日期：2019-06-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Microtubules are the main components of mitotic spindles, and are the pillars of the cellular cytoskeleton. They perform most of their cellular functions by virtue of their unique dynamic instability processes which alternate between polymerization and depolymerization phases. This in turn is driven by a precise balan...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms18102042
更新日期：2017-09-22 00:00:00
abstract：:Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by extracellular amyloid plaques composed of the β-amyloid peptides and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and associates with progressive declines in memory and cognition. Several genes play important roles and regulate enzymes that produce a pathological accumulation of β...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms21041327
更新日期：2020-02-16 00:00:00
abstract：:A novel quadruplex ligand based on 1,10-phenanthroline and incorporating two guanyl hydrazone functionalities, PhenQE8, is reported herein. Synthetic access was gained in a two-step procedure with an overall yield of 61%. X-ray diffraction studies revealed that PhenQE8 can adopt an extended conformation that may be op...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms22020749
更新日期：2021-01-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Deficits in plasma membrane repair have been identified in dysferlinopathy and Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, and contribute to progressive myopathy. Although Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy (FSHD) shares clinicopathological features with these muscular dystrophies, it is unknown if FSHD is characterized by plasm...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21155575
更新日期：2020-08-04 00:00:00
abstract：:Collagen prolyl 4-hydroxylase 1 (C-P4H1) is an α-ketoglutarate (α-KG)-dependent dioxygenase that catalyzes 4-hydroxylation of proline on collagen. C-P4H1-induced prolyl hydroxylation is required for proper collagen deposition and cancer metastasis. Therefore, targeting C-P4H1 is considered a potential therapeutic stra...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21186613
更新日期：2020-09-10 00:00:00
abstract：:A flexible methacrylate powder dressing (Altrazeal®) transforms into a wound contour conforming matrix once in contact with wound exudate. We hypothesised that it may also serve as a drug delivery vehicle for antiseptics. The antimicrobial efficacy and influence on bacterial growth kinetics in combination with three a...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms140510582
更新日期：2013-05-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Ex vivo gene therapy offers enormous potential for cell-based therapies, however, cumbersome in vitro cell culture conditions have limited its use in clinical practice. We have optimized an innovative strategy for the transient transfection of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) expressing plasmids in suspended human...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20010056
更新日期：2018-12-23 00:00:00
abstract：:The transmembrane K+/H+ antiporters of NhaP type of Vibrio cholerae (Vc-NhaP1, 2, and 3) are critical for maintenance of K+ homeostasis in the cytoplasm. The entire functional NhaP group is indispensable for the survival of V. cholerae at low pHs suggesting their possible role in the acid tolerance response (ATR) of V...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms20102572
更新日期：2019-05-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Prodrug activator gene therapy mediated by murine leukemia virus (MLV)-based retroviral replicating vectors (RRV) was previously shown to be highly effective in killing glioma cells both in culture and in vivo. To avoid receptor interference and enable dual vector co-infection with MLV-RRV, we have developed another R...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21041433
更新日期：2020-02-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a type of sustained arrhythmia in humans often characterized by devastating alterations to the cardiac conduction system as well as the structure of the atria. AF can lead to decreased cardiac function, heart failure, and other complications. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown t...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms21155424
更新日期：2020-07-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Oenothein B is a unique macrocyclic ellagitannin dimer that has been found in various medicinal plants belonging to Onagraceae, Lythraceae, and Myrtaceae, with diverse biological activities. The immunological effects of tannins in terms of cytokine-release from macrophages and monocytes have been discussed, while the ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms14010046
更新日期：2012-12-20 00:00:00
