Abstract：
:Non-melanomatous skin cancers (NMSCs), which include basal and squamous cell carcinoma (BCC and SCC respectively), represent a significant burden on the population, as well as an economic load to the health care system; yet treatments of these preventable cancers remain ineffective. Studies estimate that there has been a 2-fold increase in the incidence of NMSCs between the 1960s and 1980s. The increase in cases of NMSCs, as well as the lack of effective treatments, makes the need for novel therapeutic approaches all the more necessary. To rationally develop more targeted treatments for NMSCs, a better understanding of the cell of origin, in addition to the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms that govern the development of these cancers, is urgently required. Research over the past few years has provided data supporting both a "bottom up" and "top down" mechanism of tumourigenesis. The "bottom up" concept involves a cancer stem cell originating in the basal compartment of the skin, which ordinarily houses the progenitor cells that contribute towards wound healing and normal cell turnover of overlying epidermal skin layers. The "top down" concept involves a more differentiated cell undergoing genetic modifications leading to dedifferentiation, giving rise to cancer initiating cells (CICs). This review explores both concepts, to paint a picture of the skin SCC cell of origin, the underlying biology, and also how this knowledge might be exploited to develop novel therapies.
journal_name
Int J Mol Scijournal_title
International journal of molecular sciencesauthors
Youssef M,Cuddihy A,Darido Cdoi
10.3390/ijms18071369subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-06-27 00:00:00issue
7issn
1422-0067pii
ijms18071369journal_volume
18pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Self-assembled peptide nanofibers (NFs) obtained from β-sheet peptides conjugated with drugs, including antigenic peptides, have recently attracted significant attention. However, extensive studies on the interactions of β-sheet peptide NFs with model cell membranes have not been reported. In this study, we investigat...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21249518
更新日期：2020-12-14 00:00:00
abstract：:Wheat and barley are the most highly produced and consumed grains in the world. Various pathogens-viruses, bacteria, fungi, insect pests, and nematode parasites-are major threats to yield and economic losses. Strategies for the management of disease control mainly depend on resistance or tolerance breeding, chemical c...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms20010206
更新日期：2019-01-08 00:00:00
abstract：:The present work provides a comprehensive overview of the recent progress of research work toward developing new one dimensional (1-D) ceria (CeO(2)) nanomaterials. The review has been classified into three parts: the preparation procedures with identification of the existing different dimensional ceria nanomaterials,...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms11093226
更新日期：2010-09-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Protein inhibitors of proteases are an important tool of nature to regulate and control proteolysis in living organisms under physiological and pathological conditions. In this review, we analyzed the mechanisms of inhibition of cysteine proteases on the basis of structural information and compiled kinetic data. The g...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms22030997
更新日期：2021-01-20 00:00:00
abstract：:The challenge of effectively delivering therapeutic agents to brain has led to an entire field of active research devoted to overcome the blood brain barrier (BBB) and efficiently deliver drugs to brain. This review focusses on exploring the facets of a novel platform designed for the delivery of drugs to brain. The p...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms17060806
更新日期：2016-05-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Intravenous iron preparations are typically classified as non-dextran-based or dextran/dextran-based complexes. The carbohydrate shell for each of these preparations is unique and is key in determining the various physicochemical properties, the metabolic pathway, and the immunogenicity of the iron-carbohydrate comple...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms17071185
更新日期：2016-07-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Small interfering RNA (siRNA) has been recognized as a powerful gene-silencing tool. For therapeutic application, chemical modification is often required to improve the properties of siRNA, including its nuclease resistance, activity, off-target effects, and tissue distribution. Careful siRNA guide strand selection in...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21155218
更新日期：2020-07-23 00:00:00
abstract：:In the previous study, we screened a novel lncRNA-ITGB2-AS1, which was down-regulated by bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) in breast cancer cell. Studying ITGB2-AS1 will lay the foundation for the exploring mechanism of the BMP9 inhibitory effect on breast cancer. The expression analysis related to ITGB2-AS1 in clin...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms19071866
更新日期：2018-06-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have attracted increasing attention in many biomedical fields. In magnetic drug targeting SPIONs are injected into a tumour supplying artery and accumulated inside the tumour with a magnet. The effectiveness of this therapy is thus dependent on magnetic properties, s...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms16059368
更新日期：2015-04-24 00:00:00
abstract：:n/a. ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 已发布勘误
doi：10.3390/ijms18010178
更新日期：2017-01-17 00:00:00
abstract：:The management of severe acetabular bone defects in revision reconstructive orthopedic surgery is challenging. In this study, cyclic precalcification (CP) treatment was used on both nanotube-surface Ti-mesh and a bone graft substitute for the acetabular defect model, and its effects were assessed in vitro and in vivo....
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms18071462
更新日期：2017-07-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Eggplant cultivation is limited by numerous diseases, including the devastating bacterial wilt (BW) caused by the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC). Within the RSSC, Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum (including phylotypes I and III) causes severe damage to all solanaceous crops, including eggplant. Therefore, t...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms19020357
更新日期：2018-01-25 00:00:00
abstract：:The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway plays a critical role in regulating cell growth, proliferation, and life span. mTOR signaling is a central regulator of autophagy by modulating multiple aspects of the autophagy process, such as initiation, process, and termination through controlling the acti...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms20030728
更新日期：2019-02-08 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:to evaluate the role of whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) and radiation boost (RB) for 208 patients recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) II with 1 or 2 brain metastases (BM) at a single institution. METHODS AND MATERIALS:the dose of WBRT was 30 Gy (10 fractions of 3 Gy). One hundred thirty-two patients (63.5%) ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms15057554
更新日期：2014-05-02 00:00:00
abstract：:Antimicrobial lipids such as fatty acids and monoglycerides are promising antibacterial agents that destabilize bacterial cell membranes, causing a wide range of direct and indirect inhibitory effects. The goal of this review is to introduce the latest experimental approaches for characterizing how antimicrobial lipid...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms19041114
更新日期：2018-04-08 00:00:00
abstract：:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a polygenic and multifactorial syndrome. Many complex immunological and genetic interactions are involved in the final outcome of the clinical disease. Autoantibodies (rheumatoid factors, anti-citrullinated peptide/protein antibodies) are present in RA patients' sera for a long time before...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms19030677
更新日期：2018-02-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Cystic Fibrosis is a lethal monogenic autosomal recessive disease linked to mutations in Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) protein. The most frequent mutation is the deletion of phenylalanine at position 508 of the protein. This F508del-CFTR mutation leads to misfolded protein that is detected...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21144844
更新日期：2020-07-08 00:00:00
abstract：:Here is presented an investigation of the use of normal modes in protein-protein docking, both in theory and in practice. Upper limits of the ability of normal modes to capture the unbound to bound conformational change are calculated on a large test set, with particular focus on the binding interface, the subset of r...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms11103623
更新日期：2010-09-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are key regulators of numerous biological processes in plants. To better understand the mechanisms by which these kinases function, high resolution measurement of MAPK activation kinetics in different biological contexts would be beneficial. One method to measure MAPK activati...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21155350
更新日期：2020-07-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Nuclear receptors (NRs) play a key role in regulating virtually all body functions, thus maintaining a healthy operating body with all its complex systems. Recently, gut microbiota emerged as major factor contributing to the health of the whole organism. Enteric bacteria have multiple ways to influence their host and ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms19082210
更新日期：2018-07-28 00:00:00
abstract：:We examined the effects of gut microbial catabolites of tryptophan on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Using a reporter gene assay, we show that all studied catabolites are low-potency agonists of human AhR. The efficacy of catabolites differed substantially, comprising agonists with no or low (i3-propionate, i3-a...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21072614
更新日期：2020-04-09 00:00:00
abstract：:2-Piperidineethanol (1) and its corresponding N-protected aldehyde (2) were used for the synthesis of several natural and synthetic compounds. The existence of a stereocenter at position 2 of the piperidine skeleton and the presence of an easily-functionalized group, such as the alcohol, set 1 as a valuable starting m...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms17010017
更新日期：2015-12-24 00:00:00
abstract：:Endometriosis is a chronic, inflammatory, hormone-dependent disease characterized by histological lesions produced by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. Despite the fact that an estimated 176 million women are affected worldwide by this gynecological disorder, risk factors that cause endome...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms21249397
更新日期：2020-12-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Fresh produce is often a source of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) outbreaks. Fimbriae are extracellular structures involved in cell-to-cell attachment and surface colonisation. F9 (Fml) fimbriae have been shown to be expressed at temperatures lower than 37 °C, implying a function beyond the mammalian host....
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21249720
更新日期：2020-12-19 00:00:00
abstract：:Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) is a recessive hereditary disease caused by mutation of the NPC1 or NPC2 gene. It is characterized by abnormality of cellular cholesterol trafficking with severe neuronal and hepatic injury. In this study, we investigated the potential of glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms22010452
更新日期：2021-01-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, are nano-to-micrometer vesicles released from nearly all cellular types. EVs comprise a mixture of bioactive molecules (e.g., mRNAs, miRNAs, lipids, and proteins) that can be transported to the targeted cells/tissues via the blood or lymph circulation...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms21145163
更新日期：2020-07-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Previously, we showed that lipocalin2 (LCN2) serum levels increased after liver irradiation and during acute-phase conditions. Here, we evaluate LCN2 expression and serum levels after single-dose lung irradiation with 25 Gy, percutaneously administered to the lung of randomly-paired male Wistar rats. Due to the concav...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms17050637
更新日期：2016-04-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Major depressive disorder (MDD) represents a serious health problem estimated to affect 350 million people globally. Importantly, MDD has repeatedly emerged as an etiological or prognostic factor in cardiovascular disease (CVD) development, including vascular pathology. Several linking pathomechanisms between MDD and ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms21072317
更新日期：2020-03-27 00:00:00
abstract：:The WRKY web, which is comprised of a subset of WRKY transcription factors (TFs), plays a crucial role in the regulation of plant immunity, however, the mode of organization and operation of this network remains obscure, especially in non-model plants such as pepper (Capsicum annuum). Herein, CaWRKY22, a member of a s...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms19051426
更新日期：2018-05-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Pulses are the main source of protein and minerals in the vegetarian diet. These are primarily cultivated on marginal lands with few inputs in several resource-poor countries of the world, including several in South Asia. Their cultivation in resource-scarce conditions exposes them to various abiotic and biotic stress...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms20122971
更新日期：2019-06-18 00:00:00
