Abstract：
PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Phenibut (β-phenyl-γ-aminobutyric acid) is a psychoactive GABA analogue currently being marketed online as an anxiolytic and nootropic dietary supplement. Its use is growing in popularity, but its pharmacological activity is well beyond that of a conventional nutritional supplement, and similar to that of a prescription strength sedative. This review will focus on the potential adversities of phenibut use and will discuss what treatment options may be beneficial to afflicted patients. RECENT FINDINGS:Over the last several years, multiple case reports have highlighted phenibut's potential to produce the conditions of physical dependence, withdrawal, and addiction. In cases involving intoxication, patients have presented with a varying degree of mental status changes, from being minimally responsive to manifesting symptoms of an agitated delirium. Phenibut is a potent psychoactive substance with GABAB agonist properties, which is emerging as a drug of misuse through growing internet sales. Its marketing as a "dietary supplement" is inaccurate and misleading, given its pharmacological profile and ability to induce the physiological changes associated with withdrawal and physical dependence.
journal_name
Curr Psychiatry Repjournal_title
Current psychiatry reportsauthors
Jouney EAdoi
10.1007/s11920-019-1009-0subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-03-09 00:00:00pages
23issue
4eissn
1523-3812issn
1535-1645pii
10.1007/s11920-019-1009-0journal_volume
21pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The human gut harbors a complex community of microbes that profoundly influence many aspects of growth and development, including development of the nervous system. Advances in high-throughput DNA sequencing methods have led to rapidly expanding knowledge about this gut microbiome. Here, we review fundamental emerging...
journal_title：Current psychiatry reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11920-012-0337-0
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:We discuss recent evidence around the identification and response to domestic and sexual violence in primary care for perpetrators and victims, in the context of feminist social media movements such as #MeToo. RECENT FINDINGS:There is no recent research on identification and response to perpetrators ...
journal_title：Current psychiatry reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11920-019-0991-6
更新日期：2019-02-08 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of overt hypothyroidism (HO) on cognition and mood are well established, and HO is considered a common cause of reversible dementia. There is now increasing evidence to suggest that subclinical hypothyroidism (ie, elevated thyroid stimulating hormone in the presence of normal thyroxine concentrations) may ...
journal_title：Current psychiatry reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11920-003-0073-6
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The goal of this paper is to provide a history of psychological theories, research, and treatment of male sex offenders from the onset of modern approaches that emerged in the 1960s up to the present time. The questions addressed in this paper primarily concern the reasons and justifications for the o...
journal_title：Current psychiatry reports
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11920-018-0920-0
更新日期：2018-07-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Descriptions of mental illness exist throughout recorded history. However, until the mid-twentieth century, there was no standard nosology or diagnostic standard for mental disorders. This limited understanding of these disorders and development of better treatments. As conditions such as dementia praecox and schizoph...
journal_title：Current psychiatry reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11920-013-0409-9
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The potential role of personality disorders in understanding husband violence is a controversial issue. Although researchers consistently find high rates of personality disorders, particularly antisocial and borderline characteristics, among samples of male batterers, feminist theorists worry that such research will d...
journal_title：Current psychiatry reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11920-002-0006-9
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Research consistently indicates that in animals and adults, reduced central serotonergic (5-HT) function is associated with increased aggression. This relationship has been elucidated via cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolite levels, hormonal responses to pharmacologic challenge using serotonergic probes, platelet ...
journal_title：Current psychiatry reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11920-000-0052-0
更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An "Alternative DSM-5 Model for Personality Disorders" was published in Sect. III of DSM-5, while the identical categories and criteria from DSM-IV for the personality disorders (PDs) are in Sect. II. Given strong shifts from categorical diagnoses toward dimensional representations in psychiatry, how did the PDs end u...
journal_title：Current psychiatry reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11920-014-0480-x
更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although the association between trauma and personality disorders, particularly borderline personality disorder (BPD), has been well established, the etiologic role of trauma in the development of personality disorders has been a topic of debate. Numerous mediation models have been put forth to explain how trauma can ...
journal_title：Current psychiatry reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11920-001-0073-3
更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The central characteristics of borderline personality disorder (BPD) are bound to be associated with the development and maintenance of couple dysfunction. Although seven of the nine diagnostic criteria of BPD in the DSM-IV-TR refer directly to interpersonal functioning, very few empiric studies have addressed the exa...
journal_title：Current psychiatry reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11920-009-0009-x
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:We review recent and growing evidence that provides support for a novel parasomnia, trauma associated sleep disorder (TASD). Based on these findings, we further develop the clinical and polysomnographic (PSG) characteristics of TASD. We also address factors that precipitate TASD, develop a differentia...
journal_title：Current psychiatry reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11920-019-1066-4
更新日期：2019-08-13 00:00:00
abstract：:The comorbidity of anxiety disorders with pain has received little research attention even though recent studies show that these disorders are as likely to co-occur with chronic pain conditions as depressive disorder. Comorbid anxiety has implications for the impact and outcome of pain conditions. Even though it may b...
journal_title：Current psychiatry reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11920-008-0051-0
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The aim of the present review is to systematically examine published data regarding ecological momentary assessment (EMA) in children and adolescents with mood disorders. RECENT FINDINGS:EMA is increasingly used to collect participant's information in their real environment and in real time. There ar...
journal_title：Current psychiatry reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11920-018-0913-z
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Poststroke depression (PSD) is a form of geriatric depression that is associated with various negative outcomes. This article reviews existing research concerning the etiology, treatment, and prevention of PSD with particular emphasis on the development of a biopsychosocial conceptualization of PSD etiology and treatm...
journal_title：Current psychiatry reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11920-006-0078-z
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To highlight an emerging understanding of burnout and physician mental health. This review will provide a discussion of conceptual and diagnostic issues of the burnout syndrome with its relevance to psychiatry, and how psychiatry may interface with other medical disciplines to provide support in creat...
journal_title：Current psychiatry reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11920-019-1100-6
更新日期：2019-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Individuals with bipolar disorder experience twice the cardiovascular mortality expected from general population estimates. The metabolic syndrome is more common in those with bipolar disorder, with a prevalence ratio of 1.6, and includes many traditional cardiovascular risk factors, which may explain much of the elev...
journal_title：Current psychiatry reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11920-009-0072-3
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper reviews recent evidence on the value of phallometric (i.e., erectile) measures of sex offenders plus earlier crucial papers. Distinctions are made between types of measuring devices with the volumetric instrument appearing to be the most sensitive. Considering the meaning of responses it is concluded that a...
journal_title：Current psychiatry reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11920-013-0428-6
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The purpose of the present review was threefold: to address the current state of Animal-Assisted Interactions (AAI) within the military; to summarize recent literature (within the past three years) in the field of AAI; and to discuss trends in AAI research since 2014. RECENT FINDINGS:With regard to A...
journal_title：Current psychiatry reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11920-017-0861-z
更新日期：2017-11-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Manic symptoms frequently occur in patients with comorbid medical disorders and present a diagnostic and treatment challenge. Manic symptoms may be due to an independent psychiatric illness, may be induced or precipitated by a medical condition, or may result from medication or substance use. The presence of manic sym...
journal_title：Current psychiatry reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11920-007-0024-8
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Anorexia nervosa is a debilitating illness that affects mostly females and their families. Multiple physiologic disturbances are present and can be life-threatening. Nutritional rehabilitation is the foremost initial treatment goal. Assessment skills include understanding the physiologic, developmental, and psychiatri...
journal_title：Current psychiatry reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11920-010-0174-y
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Joint hypermobility (JH) is considered a common benign, hereditary, overlap, connective tissue disorder with a prevalence in the general population of about 10% in European populations and 25% in other ethnic groups. JH shows an association with mitral valve prolapse and fibromyalgia. However, the most significant and...
journal_title：Current psychiatry reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11920-010-0164-0
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Insomnia is one of the most common complaints of US armed service members. Diagnosis and treatment of insomnia in active duty and veteran populations are often complicated by comorbid disorders experienced by military personnel, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Cognitive ...
journal_title：Current psychiatry reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11920-015-0622-9
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent mental disorders. Although prevalence estimates are lower in males than females, the disability associated with anxiety disorders has been increasing in males. This review focuses on recent research studying sex differences in anxiety disorders and associated s...
journal_title：Current psychiatry reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11920-020-01203-x
更新日期：2020-10-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Knowledge of gonadal hormone-related influences on human brain anatomy, function, and chemistry is scarce. The present review scrutinized organizational and functional neuroimaging correlates of the menstrual cycle and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). Supportive evidence of cyclic short-term structural and func...
journal_title：Current psychiatry reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11920-015-0619-4
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Anxiety disorders are frequently encountered in the elderly, but they are largely undetected and untreated. Epidemiological studies indicate a prevalence ranging from 1.2 to 15 %. With the exception of generalized anxiety disorder and agoraphobia, which can often start in late life, most anxiety disorders in older pat...
journal_title：Current psychiatry reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11920-015-0595-8
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Child maltreatment is a serious problem in US society, affecting approximately three million children. Children and adolescents exposed to child abuse and neglect experience high rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In addition, they are at risk for comorbid mental illness. Biologic stress systems affected ...
journal_title：Current psychiatry reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11920-003-0027-z
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rigorous research has recently identified a range of behavioral therapies that have been shown to be effective across the most prevalent types of substance dependence. This review summarizes the roles of behavioral therapies as contrasted with those of pharmacotherapies for substance use disorders and then provides an...
journal_title：Current psychiatry reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11920-005-0032-5
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Substance use disorder is a chronic condition of compulsive drug seeking and use that is mediated by stable changes in central reward pathways. Repeated use of abused drugs causes persistent alterations in gene expression responsible for the long-term behavioral and structural changes. Recently, it has been suggested ...
journal_title：Current psychiatry reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11920-010-0099-5
更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with several forms of risk-taking behavior (RTB). This paper aims to examine the scope of ADHD-related RTB, to highlight potential underlying mechanisms of this association, and to review initial evidence for interventions aimed to treat AD...
journal_title：Current psychiatry reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11920-019-1019-y
更新日期：2019-03-22 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:We review the existing literature on gene-environment interactions (G×E) and epigenetic changes primarily in borderline personality disorder (BPD) but also in antisocial, schizotypal, and avoidant personality disorders. RECENT FINDINGS:Research supports that susceptibility genes to BPD or its underly...
journal_title：Current psychiatry reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11920-018-0934-7
更新日期：2018-08-09 00:00:00
