Parasitoid envenomation alters the Galleria mellonella midgut microbiota and immunity, thereby promoting fungal infection.

Abstract:

:Gut bacteria influence the development of different pathologies caused by bacteria, fungi and parasitoids in insects. Wax moth larvae became more susceptible to fungal infections after envenomation by the ectoparasitoid Habrobracon hebetor. In addition, spontaneous bacterioses occurred more often in envenomated larvae. We analyzed alterations in the midgut microbiota and immunity of the wax moth in response to H. hebetor envenomation and topical fungal infection (Beauveria bassiana) alone or in combination using 16S rRNA sequencing, an analysis of cultivable bacteria and a qPCR analysis of immunity- and stress-related genes. Envenomation led to a predominance shift from enterococci to enterobacteria, an increase in CFUs and the upregulation of AMPs in wax moth midguts. Furthermore, mycosis nonsignificantly increased the abundance of enterobacteria and the expression of AMPs in the midgut. Combined treatment led to a significant increase in the abundance of Serratia and a greater upregulation of gloverin. The oral administration of predominant bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis, Enterobacter sp. and Serratia marcescens) to wax moth larvae synergistically increased fungal susceptibility. Thus, the activation of midgut immunity might prevent the bacterial decomposition of envenomated larvae, thus permitting the development of fungal infections. Moreover, changes in the midgut bacterial community may promote fungal killing.

journal_name

Sci Rep

journal_title

Scientific reports

authors

Polenogova OV,Kabilov MR,Tyurin MV,Rotskaya UN,Krivopalov AV,Morozova VV,Mozhaitseva K,Kryukova NA,Alikina T,Kryukov VY,Glupov VV

doi

10.1038/s41598-019-40301-6

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2019-03-08 00:00:00

pages

4012

issue

1

issn

2045-2322

pii

10.1038/s41598-019-40301-6

journal_volume

9

pub_type

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