RNA from an immediate early region of the type 1 herpes simplex virus genome is present in the trigeminal ganglia of latently infected mice.

abstract：:Both laboratory and field data suggest that people punish noncooperators even in one-shot interactions. Although such "altruistic punishment" may explain the high levels of cooperation in human societies, it creates an evolutionary puzzle: existing models suggest that altruistic cooperation among nonrelatives is evolu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Boyd R,Gintis H,Bowles S,Richerson PJ

更新日期：2003-03-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The leukocyte common antigen (CD45) is an abundant lymphocyte surface antigen that has been reported to be involved in signaling through the T-cell antigen receptor. CD45 is a transmembrane protein-tyrosine-phosphatase. An internal segment comprises two domains each of which is homologous to other protein-tyrosine-pho...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Stover DR,Charbonneau H,Tonks NK,Walsh KA

更新日期：1991-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Differentiation-inducing factor 1 [DIF-1; 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-hexan-1-one] induces stalk cell differentiation during Dictyostelium development. It is present as a gradient in the multicellular slug, its lowest concentration being in the anterior. Here we demonstrate the existence of a locali...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kay RR,Large S,Traynor D,Nayler O

更新日期：1993-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Migraine is characterized by severe headaches that can be preceded by an aura likely caused by cortical spreading depression (SD). The antiepileptic pregabalin (Lyrica) shows clinical promise for migraine therapy, although its efficacy and mechanism of action are unclear. As detected by diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI)...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cain SM,Bohnet B,LeDue J,Yung AC,Garcia E,Tyson JR,Alles SR,Han H,van den Maagdenberg AM,Kozlowski P,MacVicar BA,Snutch TP

更新日期：2017-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Efficient execution of perceptual-motor tasks requires rapid voluntary reconfiguration of cognitive task sets as circumstances unfold. Such acts of cognitive control, which are thought to rely on a network of cortical regions in prefrontal and posterior parietal cortex, include voluntary shifts of attention among perc...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Esterman M,Chiu YC,Tamber-Rosenau BJ,Yantis S

更新日期：2009-10-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutations in profilin 1 (PFN1) are associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); however, the pathological mechanism of PFN1 in this fatal disease is unknown. We demonstrate that ALS-linked mutations severely destabilize the native conformation of PFN1 in vitro and cause accelerated turnover of the PFN1 protein...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Boopathy S,Silvas TV,Tischbein M,Jansen S,Shandilya SM,Zitzewitz JA,Landers JE,Goode BL,Schiffer CA,Bosco DA

更新日期：2015-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Human languages show a remarkable degree of variation in the area they cover. However, the factors governing the distribution of human cultural groups such as languages are not well understood. While previous studies have examined the role of a number of environmental variables the importance of cultural factors has n...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Currie TE,Mace R

更新日期：2009-05-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Production of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) and a form of programmed cell death called hypersensitive response (HR) are often associated with disease resistance of plants. We have previously shown that the Rac homolog of rice, OsRac1, is a regulator of ROI production and cell death in rice. Here we show that the...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ono E,Wong HL,Kawasaki T,Hasegawa M,Kodama O,Shimamoto K

更新日期：2001-01-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Recombinant human migration inhibitory factor (MIF), isolated through functional expression cloning in COS-1 cells, up-regulates expression of genes encoding HLA-DR and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) and elaboration of IL-1 beta by human monocyte-derived macrophages. Administration of soluble bovine serum albumin or h...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Weiser WY,Pozzi LM,Titus RG,David JR

更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Five patients with advanced breast cancer were treated with pooled dialyzable transfer factor from healthy adult donors. The period of treatment ranged from 21 to 310 days, the total dose from 20 to 257 ml. Transfer factor did not elicit inflammatory or hypersensitivity reactions or detectable formation of antibody to...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Oettgen HF,Old LJ,Farrow JH,Valentine FT,Lawrence HS,Thomas L

更新日期：1974-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Completely parthenogenetic Trichogramma wasps can be rendered permanently bisexual by treatment with three different antibiotics or high temperatures. The evidence strongly suggests that maternally inherited microorganisms cause parthenogenesis in these wasps. Theories predict female-biased sex ratio in offspring unde...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Stouthamer R,Luck RF,Hamilton WD

更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ab initio multi-reference second-order perturbation theory computations are used to explore the photochemical behavior of two ion pairs constituted by a chloride counterion interacting with either a rhodopsin or bacteriorhodopsin chromophore model (i.e., the 4-cis-gamma-methylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraeniminium and all-trans-...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cembran A,Bernardi F,Olivucci M,Garavelli M

更新日期：2005-05-03 00:00:00

abstract：:We have identified and isolated a presumptive leukemogenic provirus from myeloblasts of a chicken in which leukemia had been induced by avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV). Leukemic myeloblasts isolated from peripheral blood or from converted yolk sac cultures of various strains of chickens, regardless of the endogenous ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Souza LM,Komaromy MC,Baluda MA

更新日期：1980-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Proteomics were used to identify the proteins from the eukaryotic unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii that can be reduced by thioredoxin. These proteins were retained specifically on a thioredoxin affinity column made of a monocysteinic thioredoxin mutant able to form mixed disulfides with its targets. Of...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lemaire SD,Guillon B,Le Maréchal P,Keryer E,Miginiac-Maslow M,Decottignies P

更新日期：2004-05-11 00:00:00

abstract：:During vertebrate brain development, the onset of neuronal differentiation is under strict temporal control. In the mammalian thalamus and other brain regions, neurogenesis is regulated also in a spatially progressive manner referred to as a neurogenetic gradient, the underlying mechanism of which is unknown. Here we ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Scholpp S,Delogu A,Gilthorpe J,Peukert D,Schindler S,Lumsden A

更新日期：2009-11-24 00:00:00

abstract：:The cat tongue is covered in sharp, rear-facing spines called papillae, the precise function of which is a mystery. In this combined experimental and theoretical study, we use high-speed film, grooming force measurements, and computed tomography (CT) scanning to elucidate the mechanism by which papillae are used to gr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Noel AC,Hu DL

更新日期：2018-12-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Replication of the kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) minicircle of trypanosomatids initiates at a conserved 12-nt sequence, 5'-GGGGTTGGTGTA-3', termed the universal minicircle sequence (UMS). A sequence-specific single-stranded DNA-binding protein from Crithidia fasciculata binds the heavy strand of the 12-mer UMS. Whereas this ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Avrahami D,Tzfati Y,Shlomai J

更新日期：1995-11-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Esterase 6 is a polymorphic carboxylesterase (carboxylic-ester hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.1) localized to the reproductive tract of male Drosophila melanogaster and transferred to females at copulation. The reproductive fitness of males is strongly affected by temperature and the esterase 6 alleles (active versus null) that ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gilbert DG,Richmond RC

更新日期：1982-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:K+ channels, which have been linked to regulation of electrogenic solute transport as well as Ca2+ influx, represent a locus in hepatocytes for the concerted actions of hormones that employ Ca2+ and cAMP as intracellular messengers. Despite considerable study, the single-channel basis for synergistic effects of Ca2+ a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lidofsky SD

更新日期：1995-07-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The structure and the expression of 11 cellular oncogenes (protooncogenes) were analyzed in primary cells from 20 acute lymphocytic (ALL) and 31 acute myelogenous (AML) leukemia patients. Neoplastic cells, obtained prior to initiation of therapy, were purified and classified, on the basis of both surface antigen patte...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mavilio F,Sposi NM,Petrini M,Bottero L,Marinucci M,De Rossi G,Amadori S,Mandelli F,Peschle C

更新日期：1986-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The c-rings of ATP synthases consist of individual c-subunits, all of which harbor a conserved motif of repetitive glycine residues (GxGxGxG) important for tight transmembrane α-helix packing. The c-ring stoichiometry determines the number of ions transferred during enzyme operation and has a direct impact on the ion-...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Preiss L,Klyszejko AL,Hicks DB,Liu J,Fackelmayer OJ,Yildiz Ö,Krulwich TA,Meier T

更新日期：2013-05-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The 5' flanking sequences and the intron of the mouse Hoxa-7 gene were searched for regulatory elements that can function in Drosophila. Only the intron is able to activate a lacZ fusion gene in various tissues of Drosophila embryos. This enhancer function requires a cluster of three homeodomain binding sites (HB1-ele...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Haerry TE,Gehring WJ

更新日期：1996-11-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Although mathematical models and laboratory experiments have shown that species interactions can generate chaos, field evidence of chaos in natural ecosystems is rare. We report on a pristine rocky intertidal community located in one of the world's oldest marine reserves that has displayed a complex cyclic succession ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Benincà E,Ballantine B,Ellner SP,Huisman J

更新日期：2015-05-19 00:00:00

abstract：:A five-helix secondary structural model is proposed for eukaryotic cytoplasmic 5S rRNA. All available sequence data are consistent with this model including those from Chlorella 5S rRNA whose sequence is revised by data included here. Various architectural features of eukaryotic 5S rRNA are summarized in terms of this...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Luehrsen KR,Fox GE

更新日期：1981-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The semaphorins comprise a large family of membrane-bound and secreted proteins, some of which have been shown to function in axon guidance. We have cloned a transmembrane semaphorin, Sema W, that belongs to the class IV subgroup of the semaphorin family. The mouse and rat forms of Sema W show 97% amino acid sequence ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Encinas JA,Kikuchi K,Chedotal A,de Castro F,Goodman CS,Kimura T

更新日期：1999-03-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Urodeles and fetal mammals are capable of impressive epimorphic regeneration in a variety of tissues, whereas the typical default response to injury in adult mammals consists of inflammation and scar tissue formation. One component of epimorphic regeneration is the recruitment of resident progenitor and stem cells to ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Agrawal V,Johnson SA,Reing J,Zhang L,Tottey S,Wang G,Hirschi KK,Braunhut S,Gudas LJ,Badylak SF

更新日期：2010-02-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The expression of interleukin 2 receptors (IL-2R) is a critical step leading to normal lymphocyte proliferation. Since thymosin fraction 5 (TF5), a thymic hormone preparation, enhances lymphoproliferative responses of human cells, we examined the effects of TF5 on the expression of IL-2R on mitogen-stimulated human ly...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sztein MB,Serrate SA,Goldstein AL

更新日期：1986-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A rat model of hereditary renal carcinoma (RC) was found in a rat colony of the Sprague-Dawley strain in Japan and named the "Nihon" rat. In heterozygotes, RCs, predominantly the clear cell type, develop from early preneoplastic lesions, which began to appear as early as 3 weeks of age, to adenocarcinomas by the age o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Okimoto K,Sakurai J,Kobayashi T,Mitani H,Hirayama Y,Nickerson ML,Warren MB,Zbar B,Schmidt LS,Hino O

更新日期：2004-02-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The primary structure of the beta chain of human glycoprotein Ib (GPIb), the platelet receptor for von Willebrand factor, has been established by a combination of cDNA cloning and amino acid sequence analysis. A lambda phage cDNA expression library prepared from human erythroleukemia cells (HEL cells) was screened wit...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lopez JA,Chung DW,Fujikawa K,Hagen FS,Davie EW,Roth GJ

更新日期：1988-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Plants sense phosphate (Pi) deficiency and initiate signaling that controls adaptive responses necessary for Pi acquisition. Herein, evidence establishes that AtSIZ1 is a plant small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) E3 ligase and is a focal controller of Pi starvation-dependent responses. T-DNA insertional mutated allel...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Miura K,Rus A,Sharkhuu A,Yokoi S,Karthikeyan AS,Raghothama KG,Baek D,Koo YD,Jin JB,Bressan RA,Yun DJ,Hasegawa PM

更新日期：2005-05-24 00:00:00