Abstract：
:Metformin use in pregnancy is increasing worldwide as randomised controlled trial (RCT) evidence is emerging demonstrating its safety and efficacy. The Metformin in Gestational Diabetes (MiG) RCT changed practice in many countries demonstrating that metformin had similar pregnancy outcomes to insulin therapy with less maternal weight gain and a high degree of patient acceptability. A multicentre RCT is currently assessing the addition of metformin to insulin in pregnant women with type 2 diabetes. RCT evidence is also available for the use of metformin in pregnancy for women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome and for nondiabetic women with obesity. No evidence of an increase in congenital malformations or miscarriages has been observed even when metformin is started before pregnancy and continued to term. Body composition and metabolic outcomes at two, seven, and nine years have now been reported for the offspring of mothers treated in the MiG study. In this review, we will briefly discuss the action of metformin and then consider the evidence from the key clinical trials.
journal_name
Int J Mol Scijournal_title
International journal of molecular sciencesauthors
Hyer S,Balani J,Shehata Hdoi
10.3390/ijms19071954subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-07-04 00:00:00issue
7issn
1422-0067pii
ijms19071954journal_volume
19pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Acipenseriformes are composed of 25 sturgeon species and two paddlefish species distributed exclusively in the northern hemisphere. The Danube River and the Black Sea were originally inhabited by six sturgeon species but two are extinct and only four are still reproducing currently in the Lower Danube: Huso huso, Acip...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms12106796
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Double-spikes Phalaenopsis orchids have greater market value than those with single-spike. In this study, a gene designated as Spike Activator 1 (SPK1), which encodes a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, was isolated and characterized from Phalaenopsis aphrodite (moth orchid). SPK1 was highly expresse...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20215406
更新日期：2019-10-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Background: To evaluate the distribution of the transforming growth factor-beta induced (TGFBI) corneal dystrophies in a multi-ethnic population in Singapore, and to present the different phenotypes with the same genotype. Methods: This study included 32 patients. Slit lamp biomicroscopy was performed for each patient...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms22031230
更新日期：2021-01-27 00:00:00
abstract：:Kawasaki syndrome (KS) is the most relevant cause of heart disease in children living in developed countries. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) has a preventive function in the formation of coronary artery abnormalities and a poor strictly-curative action in established coronary damage. More than two decades ago, the ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms17030278
更新日期：2016-02-24 00:00:00
abstract：:Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS), manifesting incomplete virilization in 46,XY individuals, is caused mostly by androgen receptor (AR) gene mutations. Therefore, a search for AR mutations is a routine approach in AIS diagnosis. However, some AIS patients lack AR mutations, which complicates the diagnosis. Here, w...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21218403
更新日期：2020-11-09 00:00:00
abstract：:Transcription factors (TFs) play essential roles in the transcriptional regulation of functional genes, and are involved in diverse physiological processes in living organisms. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, a simple and easily manipulated organismal model, has been extensively applied to study the biological ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms19113691
更新日期：2018-11-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Mast cells (MCs) are inflammatory cells primarily found in tissues in close contact with the external environment, such as the skin and the intestinal mucosa. They store large amounts of active components in cytoplasmic granules, ready for rapid release. The major protein content of these granules is proteases, which ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21010319
更新日期：2020-01-02 00:00:00
abstract：:Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCDs) selectively catalyze carotenoids, forming smaller apocarotenoids that are essential for the synthesis of apocarotenoid flavor, aroma volatiles, and phytohormone ABA/SLs, as well as responses to abiotic stresses. Here, 19, 11, and 10 CCD genes were identified in Nicotiana tabacum...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20225796
更新日期：2019-11-18 00:00:00
abstract：:Gaucher disease (GD) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the acid β-glucosidase gene (GBA1). Besides causing GD, GBA1 mutations constitute the main genetic risk factor for developing Parkinson's disease. The molecular basis of neurological manifestations in GD remain elusive. Ho...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21093268
更新日期：2020-05-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is an underreported and underestimated adverse drug reaction. Information on the documented hepatotoxicity of drugs has recently been made available by a website that can be accessed in the public domain: LiverTox (http://livertox.nlm.nih.gov). According to critical analy...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms17020224
更新日期：2016-02-06 00:00:00
abstract：:Chitooligosaccharide (COS), which is acknowledged for possessing multiple functions, is a kind of low-molecular-weight polymer prepared by degrading chitosan via enzymatic, chemical methods, etc. COS has comprehensive applications in various fields including food, agriculture, pharmacy, clinical therapy, and environme...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms19082197
更新日期：2018-07-27 00:00:00
abstract：:Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are genetic parasites, in-between genetics and environment. Few HERVs retain some coding capability. Sometimes, the host has the advantage of some HERV genes; conversely, HERVs may contribute to pathogenesis. The expression of HERVs depends on several factors, and is regulated epi...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms20153706
更新日期：2019-07-29 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated the toxicity of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), 1-nitropyrene (1-NP) and 3-nitrobenzanthrone (3-NBA) in A549 cells. Cells were treated for 4 h and 24 h with: B[a]P (0.1 and 1 μM), 1-NP (1 and 10 μM) and 3-NBA (0.5 and 5 μM). Bulky DNA adducts, lipid peroxidation, DNA and protein oxidation and mRNA expression o...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms17091393
更新日期：2016-08-26 00:00:00
abstract：:The terpolymerization of carbon dioxide (CO₂), propylene oxide (PO), and cyclohexene oxide (CHO) were performed by both random polymerization and block polymerization to synthesize the random poly (propylene cyclohexene carbonate) (PPCHC), di-block polymers of poly (propylene carbonate⁻cyclohexyl carbonate) (PPC-PCHC)...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms19123723
更新日期：2018-11-23 00:00:00
abstract：:Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a disease involving changes to energy metabolism. Chronic hyperglycemia is a major cause of diabetes complications. Hyperglycemia induces mechanisms that generate the excessive production of reactive oxygen species, leading to the development of oxidative stress. Studies with animal models ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms21082852
更新日期：2020-04-19 00:00:00
abstract：:Perinatal stem cells have been regarded as an attractive and available cell source for medical research and clinical trials in recent years. Multiple stem cell types have been identified in the human placenta. Recent advances in knowledge on placental stem cells have revealed that human amniotic epithelial stem cells ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms21207730
更新日期：2020-10-19 00:00:00
abstract：:Protein-bound uremic toxins, such as p-cresol sulfate (PCS), can be accumulated with declined renal function and aging and is closely linked with central nervous system (CNS) diseases. In the periphery, PCS has effects on oxidative stress and inflammation. Since oxidative stress and inflammation have substantial roles...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21186687
更新日期：2020-09-12 00:00:00
abstract：:Photodynamic therapy (PDT) of the thoracic cavity can be performed in conjunction with surgery to treat cancers of the lung and its pleura. However, illumination of the cavity results in tissue exposure to a broad range of fluence rates. In a murine model of intrathoracic PDT, we studied the efficacy of 2-(1-hexyloxye...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms17010101
更新日期：2016-01-14 00:00:00
abstract：:Neurological disorders are the most devastating and challenging diseases associated with the central nervous system (CNS). The blood-brain barrier (BBB) maintains homeostasis of the brain and contributes towards the maintenance of a very delicate microenvironment, impairing the transport of many therapeutics into the ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms21176070
更新日期：2020-08-23 00:00:00
abstract：:Spreading of the multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of the one of the most harmful pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) generates the need for new effective drugs. SQ109 showed activity against resistant Mtb and already advanced to Phase II/III clinical trials. Fast SQ109 degradation is attributed to the human liv...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21207683
更新日期：2020-10-16 00:00:00
abstract：:Merging targeted systemic gene delivery and systemic chemotherapy against cancer, chemovirotherapy, has the potential to improve chemotherapy and gene therapy treatments and overcome cancer resistance. We introduced a bacteriophage (phage) vector, named human adeno-associated virus (AAV)/phage or AAVP, for the systemi...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21217867
更新日期：2020-10-23 00:00:00
abstract：:Cultured human primary cells have a limited lifespan undergoing dedifferentiation or senescence. Anterior cruciate ligaments (ACL) are hypocellular but tissue engineering (TE) requires high cell numbers. Simian virus (SV) 40 tumor (T) antigen expression could extend the lifespan of cells. This study aimed to identify ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21020593
更新日期：2020-01-16 00:00:00
abstract：:Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), circular RNA (circRNA), and microRNA (miRNA) are important in the regulation of life activities. However, their function is unclear in Paulownia fortunei. To identify lncRNAs, circRNAs, and miRNA, and investigate their roles in the infection progress of Paulownia witches' broom (PaWB) dise...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms19082463
更新日期：2018-08-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Several studies indicate that bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates may have a role in the development of metabolic diseases using different molecular pathways, including epigenetic regulatory mechanisms. However, it is unclear whether exposure to these chemicals modifies serum levels of miRNAs associated with gestational ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20133343
更新日期：2019-07-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Sarcopenia has a significant negative impact on healthspan in the elderly and effective pharmacologic interventions remain elusive. We have previously demonstrated that sarcopenia is associated with reduced activity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) pump. We asked whether restoring SERCA activity using...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms22010037
更新日期：2020-12-22 00:00:00
abstract：:Spider silk is self-assembled from water-soluble silk proteins through changes in the environment, including pH, salt concentrations, and shear force. The N-terminal domains of major and minor ampullate silk proteins have been found to play an important role in the assembly process through salt- and pH-dependent dimer...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21124466
更新日期：2020-06-23 00:00:00
abstract：:The mushroom Inonotus obliquus has been widely used as a folk medicine in Russia, Poland and most of the Baltic countries. In this study, water-soluble and alkali-soluble crude polysaccharides (IOW and IOA) were isolated from I. obliquus, and the carbohydrate-rich fractions IOW-1 and IOA-1 were obtained respectively a...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms13079194
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major cause of graft loss and dysfunction in clinical transplantation and organ resection. [...]. ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 社论
doi：10.3390/ijms19124093
更新日期：2018-12-18 00:00:00
abstract：:Regulation of synaptically located ionotropic receptors is thought to be the main mechanism by which anaesthetics cause unconsciousness. An alternative explanation, which has received much less attention, is that of primary anaesthetic disruption of brain metabolism via suppression of mitochondrial proteins. In this p...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21134703
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mathematical optimization framework allows the identification of certain nodes within a signaling network. In this work, we analyzed the complex extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) cascade in cardiomyocytes using the framework to find efficient adjustment screws for this cascade that is important fo...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20092179
更新日期：2019-05-02 00:00:00
