Abstract：
:Mast cells (MCs) are inflammatory cells primarily found in tissues in close contact with the external environment, such as the skin and the intestinal mucosa. They store large amounts of active components in cytoplasmic granules, ready for rapid release. The major protein content of these granules is proteases, which can account for up to 35 % of the total cellular protein. Depending on their primary cleavage specificity, they can generally be subdivided into chymases and tryptases. Here we present the extended cleavage specificities of two such proteases from the platypus. Both of them show an extended chymotrypsin-like specificity almost identical to other mammalian MC chymases. This suggests that MC chymotryptic enzymes have been conserved, both in structure and extended cleavage specificity, for more than 200 million years, indicating major functions in MC-dependent physiological processes. We have also studied a third closely related protease, originating from the same chymase locus whose cleavage specificity is closely related to the apoptosis-inducing protease from cytotoxic T cells, granzyme B. The presence of both a chymase and granzyme B in all studied mammals indicates that these two proteases bordering the locus are the founding members of this locus.
journal_name
Int J Mol Scijournal_title
International journal of molecular sciencesauthors
Fu Z,Akula S,Thorpe M,Hellman Ldoi
10.3390/ijms21010319subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-01-02 00:00:00issue
1issn
1422-0067pii
ijms21010319journal_volume
21pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:In mammals, the effects of estrogen are mainly mediated by two different estrogen receptors, ERα and ERβ. These proteins are members of the nuclear receptor family, characterized by distinct structural and functional domains, and participate in the regulation of different biological processes, including cell growth, s...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms18071381
更新日期：2017-06-28 00:00:00
abstract：:d-tagatose, a monosaccharide as well as a dietary supplement, has been reported as having a wide range of applicability in the food industry, however, the prebiotic activity, anticonstipation effects, and related mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, using the loperamide-induced constipation Kunming mice as the...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20225721
更新日期：2019-11-14 00:00:00
abstract：:Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising therapy to improve vascular repair, yet their role in ischemic retinopathy is not fully understood. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of modulating the neurotrophin receptor; p75NTR on the vascular protection of MSCs in an acute model of retinal ischemia/r...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms22020829
更新日期：2021-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Melatonin is produced by the pineal gland. It can be regarded as an anticancer agent and used for combined therapy, owing to its oncostatic, antioxidant, and immunoregulatory activities. Retinoic acid is widely used for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia; however, it has adverse effects on the human organis...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms19102873
更新日期：2018-09-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Ionic liquids, considered "green" chemicals, are widely used in many areas of analytical chemistry due to their unique properties. Recently, ionic liquids have been used as a kind of novel additive in separation and combined with silica to synthesize new stationary phase as separation media. This review will focus on ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms10062591
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abstract：:Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (IPAH) is a deadly and disabling disease characterized by severe vascular remodeling of small pulmonary vessels by fibroblasts, myofibroblasts and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Recent studies suggest that the Natriuretic Peptide Clearance Receptor (NPR-C) signali...
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更新日期：2019-06-22 00:00:00
abstract：:Tooth enamel is formed in an extracellular environment. Amelogenin, the major component in the protein matrix of tooth enamel during the developing stage, could assemble into high molecular weight structures, regulating enamel formation. However, the molecular structure of amelogenin protein assembly at the functional...
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更新日期：2020-04-22 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
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更新日期：2020-11-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in the degradation of extracellular matrix components crucial for tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. MMPs are controlled by natural inhibitors called tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). We and others have demonstrated that MMPs and TIMPs are espe...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms131013240
更新日期：2012-10-16 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2020-04-11 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms17101596
更新日期：2016-09-27 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20092179
更新日期：2019-05-02 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms14035284
更新日期：2013-03-06 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms19030774
更新日期：2018-03-08 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:CD73 is an ectonucleotidase regulating extracellular adenosine concentration and plays an important role in adenosine-mediated immunosuppressive pathways. The efficacy of CD73-targeted therapy depends on the expression levels of CD73; therefore, monitoring CD73 status in cancer patients would provide helpful...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21072304
更新日期：2020-03-26 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms15058352
更新日期：2014-05-12 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20061261
更新日期：2019-03-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Manganese (Mn) is an important trace element present in human body, which acts as an enzyme co-factor or activator in various metabolic reactions. While essential in trace amounts, excess levels of Mn in human brain can produce neurotoxicity, including idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD)-like extrapyramidal manganism ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms18020300
更新日期：2017-01-30 00:00:00
abstract：:In view of major economic problems caused by viruses, the development of genetically resistant crops is critical for breeders but remains limited by the evolution of resistance-breaking virus mutants. During the plant breeding process, the introgression of traits from Crop Wild Relatives results in a dramatic change o...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms19102856
更新日期：2018-09-20 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms18102042
更新日期：2017-09-22 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms17050771
更新日期：2016-05-23 00:00:00
abstract：:The kidney plays a primary role in maintaining homeostasis and detoxification of numerous hydrophilic xenobiotics as well as endogenous compounds. Because the kidney is exposed to a larger proportion and higher concentration of drugs and toxins than other organs through the secretion of ionic drugs by tubular organic ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms17111826
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:With the avalanche of biological sequences generated in the postgenomic age, molecular science is facing an unprecedented challenge, i.e., how to timely utilize the huge amount of data to benefit human beings. Stimulated by such a challenge, a rapid development has taken place in molecular science, particularly in the...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 社论
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更新日期：2014-11-04 00:00:00
abstract：:The current emergence of multi-, extensively-, extremely-, and total-drug resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis poses a major health, social, and economic threat, and stresses the need to develop new therapeutic strategies. The notion of phage therapy against bacteria has been around for more than a century ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2021-01-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Understanding the importance of oral microbiota in human health and disease also leads to an expansion of the knowledge on functional, metabolic, and molecular alterations directly contributing to oral and systemic pathologies. To date, a compelling number of studies have documented the crucial role of some oral cavit...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21217914
更新日期：2020-10-24 00:00:00
abstract：:Several studies have demonstrated that basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) can induce neural differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. In this study, we investigated the neural differentiation of muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) following treatment with bFGF and ethosuximide, a small molecule used as an anticonvul...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms14046614
更新日期：2013-03-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent data show that cardiac hypertrophy contributes substantially to the overall heart failure burden. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a common feature of cardiac hypertrophy. Recent studies have reported that isosteviol inhibits myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in guinea pigs and H9c2 cells. This work investigat...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
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更新日期：2020-01-20 00:00:00
abstract：:The application of combined nitrogen, especially nitrate, to soybean plants is known to strongly inhibit nodule formation, growth and nitrogen fixation. In the present study, we measured the effects of supplying 5 mM nitrate on the growth of nodules, primary root, and lateral roots under light at 28 °C or dark at 18 °...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms15034464
更新日期：2014-03-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of death globally and responsible for the second highest number of deaths in Canada. Medical advancements in the treatment of CVD have led to patients living longer with CVD but often progressing to another condition called heart failure (HF). As a result, HF has emerged ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms20040904
更新日期：2019-02-19 00:00:00
