Abstract：
:Tumor immunity proceeds through multiple processes, which consist of antigen presentation by antigen presenting cells (APCs) to educate effector cells and destruction by the effector cytotoxic cells. However, tumor immunity is frequently repressed at tumor sites. Malignantly transformed cells rarely survive the attack by the immune system, but cells that do survive change their phenotypes to reduce their immunogenicity. The resultant cells evade the attack by the immune system and form clinically discernible tumors. Tumor microenvironments simultaneously contain a wide variety of immune suppressive molecules and cells to dampen tumor immunity. Moreover, the liver microenvironment exhibits immune tolerance to reduce aberrant immune responses to massively-exposed antigens via the portal vein, and immune dysfunction is frequently associated with liver cirrhosis, which is widespread in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Immune therapy aims to reduce tumor burden, but it is also expected to prevent non-cancerous liver lesions from progressing to HCC, because HCC develops or recurs from non-cancerous liver lesions with chronic inflammatory states and/or cirrhosis and these lesions cannot be cured and/or eradicated by local and/or systemic therapies. Nevertheless, cancer immune therapy should augment specific tumor immunity by using two distinct measures: enhancing the effector cell functions such as antigen presentation capacity of APCs and tumor cell killing capacity of cytotoxic cells, and reactivating the immune system in immune-suppressive tumor microenvironments. Here, we will summarize the current status and discuss the future perspective on immune therapy for HCC.
journal_name
World J Gastroenteroljournal_title
World journal of gastroenterologyauthors
Mukaida N,Nakamoto Ydoi
10.3748/wjg.v24.i17.1839subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-05-07 00:00:00pages
1839-1858issue
17eissn
1007-9327issn
2219-2840journal_volume
24pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：AIM:To evaluate the factors involved in the impairment of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with celiac disease. METHODS:A multicenter, cross-sectional prospective study was performed in patients with celiac disease who completed two HRQOL questionnaires: the gastrointestinal quality of life index (GI...
journal_title：World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.3748/wjg.14.46
更新日期：2008-01-07 00:00:00
abstract：:During the last decades, further knowledge of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) molecular mechanisms has led to development of effective systemic treatments including tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and immunotherapy. In this review, we describe first and second line systemic treatment options for advanced HCC. Several...
journal_title：World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3748/wjg.v26.i16.1888
更新日期：2020-04-28 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To examine the association between parity and gastric cancer (the cases are almost all premenopausal women) risk in a cohort of young parous women. METHODS:The study cohort consisted of all women with a record of a first and singleton childbirth in the Birth Register between 1978 and 1987. We tracked each woman fr...
journal_title：World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3748/wjg.v17.i6.784
更新日期：2011-02-14 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To investigate the existence and clinical significance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in the serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients with hepatitis C. METHODS:HCV RNA was detected by nested polymerase chain reaction (Nested PCR) in serum and in PBMC of 46 patients with acute hepatitis C (AH...
journal_title：World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3748/wjg.v3.i2.108
更新日期：1997-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Over the past decade, research has shown that aberrant expression of microRNA (miRNA) is involved in colorectal cancer development and progression. MicroRNAs are small sequences of non-coding RNA that regulate expression of genes involved in important cellular functions, such as cell differentiation, multiplication, a...
journal_title：World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3748/wjg.v21.i27.8284
更新日期：2015-07-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Smoking of tobacco products continues to be a major cause of worldwide health problems. Epidemiological studies have shown that tobacco smoking is the greatest risk factor for the development of pancreatic cancer. Smokers who are able to quit smoking can reduce their risk of pancreatic cancer by nearly 50% within two ...
journal_title：World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3748/wjg.v12.i46.7433
更新日期：2006-12-14 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To explore the significance of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)-receptor (R)2 in mucosal healing of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and the effect of Tong-Xie-Yao-Fang (TXYF) on CRH-R2 expression and regulation. METHODS:Ulcerative colitis was induced in mice by administration of 3% (w/v) DSS for ...
journal_title：World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3748/wjg.v24.i16.1766
更新日期：2018-04-28 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To analyze the clinical characteristics of small bowel tumors detected by double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) and to evaluate the diagnostic value of DBE in tumors. METHODS:Four hundred and forty consecutive DBE examinations were performed in 400 patients (250 males and 150 females, mean age 46.9 ± 16.3 years, range ...
journal_title：World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3748/wjg.v19.i23.3665
更新日期：2013-06-21 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To characterize the expression and dynamic changes of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 in hepatocytes in the regenerating liver in rats after partial hepatectomy (PH), and examine the effects of BMP-2 on proliferation of human Huh7 hepatoma cells. METHODS:Fifty-four adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided i...
journal_title：World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3748/wjg.v12.i47.7621
更新日期：2006-12-21 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To perform a meta-analysis on the risk of developing Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) infection in Crohn's disease (CD) patients treated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) inhibitors. METHODS:A meta-analysis of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of TNFα inhibitors for treatment of CD in adults...
journal_title：World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.3748/wjg.v24.i25.2764
更新日期：2018-07-07 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To make a retrospective analysis of endoscopy findings and clinicopathologic characteristics of colonic schistosomiasis in order to further improve our understanding of the disease and decrease its misdiagnosis. METHODS:Endoscopy findings and clinicopathologic characteristics of 46 intestinal schistosomiasis patie...
journal_title：World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3748/wjg.v16.i6.723
更新日期：2010-02-14 00:00:00
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journal_title：World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3748/wjg.v16.i18.2235
更新日期：2010-05-14 00:00:00
abstract：:AIM:To evaluate a culture system for bile acid formation in primary human hepatocytes in comparison with HepG2 cells.METHODS:Hepatocytes were isolated from normal human liver tissue and we re cultured in serum-free William's E medium.The medium was collected and re newed every 24 h. Bile acids and their precursors in ...
journal_title：World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3748/wjg.v6.i4.522
更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To investigate the procedure, feasibility and effects of laparoscope-assisted continuous circulatory hyperthermic intraperitoneal perfusion chemotherapy (CHIPC) in treatment of malignant ascites induced by peritoneal carcinomatosis from gastric cancers. METHODS:From August 2006 to March 2008, the laparoscopic appr...
journal_title：World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3748/wjg.v16.i15.1901
更新日期：2010-04-21 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To evaluate the usefulness of contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasound (CH-EUS) in differentiating between pancreatic adenocarcinomas and other pancreatic disease. METHODS:This retrospective cohort study evaluated 90 patients who were seen between November 2010 and May 2013. All these patients had solid pa...
journal_title：World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3748/wjg.v20.i2.518
更新日期：2014-01-14 00:00:00
abstract：:Elastography-based liver stiffness measurement (LSM) is a non-invasive tool for estimating liver fibrosis but also provides an estimate for the severity of portal hypertension in patients with advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD). The presence of varices and especially of varices needing treatment (VNT) indicates dis...
journal_title：World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3748/wjg.v25.i3.308
更新日期：2019-01-21 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To find and identify specific nuclear matrix proteins associated with proliferation and differentiation of carcinoma cells, which will be potential markers for cancer diagnosis and targets in cancer therapy. METHODS:Nuclear matrix proteins were selectively extracted from MGc80-3 cells treated with or without hexam...
journal_title：World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3748/wjg.v11.i30.4628
更新日期：2005-08-14 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To examine the expression of pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1 (PDX-1) transcription factor in human colorectal cancer. METHODS:RT-PCR, Western blotting, and immuno-histochemistry were performed to determine the expression pattern of transcription factor PDX-1 in primary colorectal tumor, hepatic metastasis, and beni...
journal_title：World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3748/wjg.14.5823
更新日期：2008-10-14 00:00:00
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journal_title：World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3748/wjg.v22.i17.4321
更新日期：2016-05-07 00:00:00
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journal_title：World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3748/wjg.v20.i28.9354
更新日期：2014-07-28 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To investigate the value of ultrasound elastography combined with serological indexes in diagnosing liver fibrosis and assessing its severity. METHODS:A total of 338 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients were divided into a disease group (patients with hepatic fibrosis) and control group (subjects without hepatic fib...
journal_title：World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3748/wjg.v24.i37.4272
更新日期：2018-10-07 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To evaluate the efficacy of 5 compared to 10 granulocyteaphaeresis sessions in patients with active steroid-dependent ulcerative colitis. METHODS:In this pilot, prospective, multicenter randomized trial, 20 patients with moderately active steroid-dependent ulcerative colitis were randomized to 5 or 10 granulocytea...
journal_title：World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.3748/wjg.v13.i15.2193
更新日期：2007-04-21 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To assess long-term effects of Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) eradication on antral G cell morphology and function in patients with and without duodenal ulcer (DU). METHODS:Consecutive dyspeptic patients referred to the endoscopy entered the study. Out of 39 H pylori positive patients, 8 had DU (H pylori +DU) and ...
journal_title：World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.3748/wjg.v11.i27.4140
更新日期：2005-07-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EG) is an uncommon disease characterized by focal or diffuse eosinophilic infiltration of the gastrointestinal tract, and is usually associated with dyspepsia, diarrhea and peripheral eosinophilia. Diffuse gastrointestinal tract and colonic involvement are uncommon. The endoscopic appeara...
journal_title：World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3748/wjg.15.2156
更新日期：2009-05-07 00:00:00
abstract：:The incidence of Barrett's metaplasia (BM) as well as Barrett's adenocarcinoma (BA) has been increasing in western populations. The prognosis of BA is worse because individuals present at a late stage. Attempts have been made to intervene at early stage using surveillance programmes, although proof of efficacy of endo...
journal_title：World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3748/wjg.v7.i4.563
更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cystic dystrophy of the duodenal wall is a rare form of the disease which was described in 1970 by French authors who reported the presence of focal pancreatic disease localized in an area comprising the C-loop of the duodenum and the head of the pancreas. German authors have defined this area as a "groove". We report...
journal_title：World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type： 社论,评审
doi：10.3748/wjg.v17.i39.4349
更新日期：2011-10-21 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To describe a method for the transjugular intrahepatic portal systemic shunt (TIPS) placement performed with the aid of contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) and three-dimensional reconstructed vascular images (3D RVIs), and to assess its safety and effectiveness. METHODS:Four hundred and ninety patients we...
journal_title：World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3748/wjg.v21.i32.9623
更新日期：2015-08-28 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To identify the subset of patients with stage IB gastric cancer with an unfavorable prognosis. METHODS:Overall survival (OS) rates were examined in 103 patients with stage IB (T1N1M0 and T2N0M0) gastric cancer between January 2000 and December 2011. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify r...
journal_title：World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3748/wjg.v20.i21.6580
更新日期：2014-06-07 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To study the effect of rosiglitazone, which is a ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), on the expression of PPARgamma in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and on the biological characteristics of HSCs. METHODS:The activated HSCs were divided into three groups: control group, 3 micromo...
journal_title：World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3748/wjg.v11.i30.4735
更新日期：2005-08-14 00:00:00
abstract：:Barrett's esophagus (BE) is characterized by intestinal metaplasia with the differentiated epithelium replaced by another type of epithelium morphologically similar to normal intestinal epithelium. The metaplasia is preceded by bile and acid reflux into the esophagus. BE is a premalignant condition associated with inc...
journal_title：World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.3748/wjg.v19.i18.2736
更新日期：2013-05-14 00:00:00
