Abstract：
:Extranodal extension (ENE) is a prognostic indicator of aggressiveness for papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). The association between the size of metastatic nodes and the prevalence of ENE has not been previously explored. However, there is a common belief that small lymph nodes with metastatic disease do not significantly impact patient outcome. This study investigates the relationship between the prevalence of ENE and the size of a positive lymph node. Linear dimensions and malignant histological characteristics of 979 metastatic lymph nodes from 152 thyroid cancer patients were retrospectively analyzed. Data was analyzed using chi-square tests and multilevel logistic regression modeling. ENE was present in 144 of 979 lymph nodes; the sizes of the involved lymph nodes ranged from 0.9 to 44 mm. ENE was identified in 7.8% of lymph nodes measuring ≤ 5 mm, 18.9% between 6 and 10 mm, 23.1% between 11 and 15 mm, 25.0% between 16 and 20 mm, and 14.0% between 21 and 25 mm in size. The association between node size and ENE status was significant (odds ratio (OR) = 1.07, confidence interval (CI) = [1.04, 1.11]). The size of the metastatic focus directly correlated with ENE (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = [1.07, 1.14], p value < 0.001). Increasing lymph node size increases the likelihood of ENE for metastatic PTC. Importantly, small positive lymph nodes can also harbor ENE to a significant extent. Further studies are required to determine the clinical and prognostic significance of lymph node size and the presence of ENE.
journal_name
Endocr Patholjournal_title
Endocrine pathologyauthors
Rowe ME,Ozbek U,Machado RA,Yue LE,Hernandez-Prera JC,Valentino A,Qazi M,Brandwein-Weber M,Liu X,Wenig BM,Urken MLdoi
10.1007/s12022-018-9518-7subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-03-01 00:00:00pages
80-85issue
1eissn
1046-3976issn
1559-0097pii
10.1007/s12022-018-9518-7journal_volume
29pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Crohn's disease is one of the causes of secondary amyloidosis, which can lead to amyloid infiltration of the thyroid gland. It is essential to follow strict controls to prevent the appearance of a large amyloid goiter. Two patients with amyloid goiter secondary to Crohn's disease, with a large adipose tissue component...
journal_title：Endocrine pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12022-012-9220-0
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A case of ectopic thymic tissue of the thyroid in a 30-year-old woman with Graves' disease is reported. The thyroidectomy specimen, removed because of failure of medical therapy, showed a continuous track of thymic tissue extending from the center of the gland to the capsule along an interiobular septum. This finding ...
journal_title：Endocrine pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02915305
更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (DSV-PTC) is an uncommon tumor making up about 2% of all papillary thyroid carcinomas. Previous studies have not comprehensively evaluated these tumors in a large series of patients. DESIGN:Twenty-two cases of DSV-PTC diagnosed between 1970 and 2...
journal_title：Endocrine pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1385/ep:16:4:331
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In order to characterize the pattern of expression of carbohydrate structures in several types of thyroid tissues and to evaluate the putative usefulness of the detection of such antigens in diagnostic surgical pathology, we undertook the immunohistochemical study of simple mucin type antigens (T, Tn, and sialyl Tn), ...
journal_title：Endocrine pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02739836
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cribriform morular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (CMV-PTC) is a rare morphologic entity that is associated with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). We report a case of a young lady with an incidentally discovered right-sided neck nodule on ultrasonography with a diagnosis of CMV-PTC confirmed on thyroid...
journal_title：Endocrine pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12022-013-9274-7
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Congenital hyperinsulinism is clinically characterized by an inappropriate insulin secretion resulting in recurrent severe hypoglycemia. Nesidioblastosis, the proliferation of islets cells budding off from pancreatic ducts, has been considered for years as the histological lesion responsible for the syndrome. In our m...
journal_title：Endocrine pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1385/ep:15:3:241
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Using conventional histological technique, we investigated 44 adenomas (31 men, 13 women) incidentally found in 36 pituitaries (25 men, 11 women) obtained from 1,117 unselected autopsies. The overall incidence of adenomas was 3.2% (men, 3.8%; women, 2.4%) without any significant sex predominance. Size, age distributio...
journal_title：Endocrine pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02921376
更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pleomorphic leiomyosarcoma (PLMS) of the adrenal gland is a rare tumor in an unusual location. A primary PLMS of the left adrenal gland is reported in a 59-yr-old Mexican woman who presented progressive flank pain and weight loss. The tumor measured 16 cm in diameter, showed markedly pleomorphic and osteoclast-like gi...
journal_title：Endocrine pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1385/ep:16:1:075
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A cell fine of human medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, abundantly producing calcitonin (Ct) and related hormones, has proved remarkably useful as an endocrine tumor model for the study of the secretion mechanism. This cell line (TT cell) was used in studies to elucidate the dynamics of the release of Ct and chromogr...
journal_title：Endocrine pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02915322
更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The adrenal gland is the body's primary source for epinephrine production and release, and the chromaffin cells that comprise the adrenal medulla possess all of the catecholamine biosynthetic machinery, including phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT), the enzyme synthesizing epinephrine from norepinephrine. In...
journal_title：Endocrine pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1385/ep:14:1:25
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Somatostatin and its analogs have been included in experimental treatment protocols for advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma based on their known antisecretory and antiproliferative properties. Somatostatin receptor type 2 (sstr2A) mediates antiproliferative actions of somatostatin and has the strongest affinity to the ...
journal_title：Endocrine pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1385/ep:12:2:147
更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Twenty-one autopsy-obtained human pituitaries were studied by histology, immunocytochemistry, and in situ hybridization to elucidate the characteristics of squamous-cell nests in the pars tuberaiis. Histologically, squamous-cell nests were composed of aggregates of squamous epithelial cells or squamous epithelial cell...
journal_title：Endocrine pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02915304
更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study is aimed to investigate the BRAF (V600E) and TERT promoter mutation profile of 50 pediatric papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) to refine their clinicopathological correlates. The median age at the time of surgery was 16 years (range, 6-18). No TERT promoter mutations were identified in this series. The BRA...
journal_title：Endocrine pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12022-016-9420-0
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT) has an epidemiological relationship to papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). The follicular epithelium in CLT can be markedly atypical, with cytologic changes ranging from oncocytic morphology to clearing and overlapping. At the molecular level, the association between CLT and PTC is...
journal_title：Endocrine pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1385/ep:17:3:235
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An adenoma resected from a 49-yr-old woman was clinically nonfunctioning but immunopositive for adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in a few cells. Electron microscopy demonstrated a vacuolar change in Golgi complexes known as "honeycomb Golgi." Recurrent adenoma resected 11 mo later was positive for ACTH in more cells...
journal_title：Endocrine pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1385/ep:13:2:125
更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hashimoto's thyroiditis is the archetype of organ-specific autoimmune disease. The key pathogenetic feature is the activation of thyroid-specific T-cells by properly presented endogenous thyroid antigens. There is strong indication that thyrocytes themselves present self-antigens, based on the finding of antigen prese...
journal_title：Endocrine pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02739959
更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gain-of-function germline mutations of the RET proto-oncogene are responsible for initiation of carcinogenesis within the thyroid gland and development of hereditary form of medullary thyroid carcinoma and MEN2 syndrome. Genotype-phenotype correlations are established for most RET mutations, but the importance of the ...
journal_title：Endocrine pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12022-017-9487-2
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The term noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) was recently proposed to replace noninvasive follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC) both to promote more conservative management of these tumors and spare patients the psychological burden of a cancer diagn...
journal_title：Endocrine pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12022-017-9476-5
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Previous studies have established that calcitonin (CT) and the calcitonin generelated peptide (CGRP) are synthesized and stored in subsets of hyperplastic parathyroid cells that also contain chromogranin B (Schmid, KW, et al. Lab Invest 73:90, 1995). The purpose of the current study was to determine whether ...
journal_title：Endocrine pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12022-003-0017-z
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Metallothionein-3 (MT-3) is an intracellular, low molecular weight protein mainly distributed in the central nervous system but also in various peripheral organs and several types of human neoplasms. However, details of MT-3 expression have not been examined in human adrenal cortex and its disorders. The mRNA levels o...
journal_title：Endocrine pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12022-013-9280-9
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To assess the proliferative activity of pituitary adenomas, 36 surgically removed adenomas were studied by light microscopical parameters; mitotic count; expression of PCNA, Ki-67, cathepsin D, and EGF; and image cytometry. Three adenomas (9%) showed high, 11 (34%) medium, 17 (53%) moderate, and 1 (3%) low structural ...
journal_title：Endocrine pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02921487
更新日期：1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:High-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas (HGNECs) of the urinary bladder encompass small cell (SCNEC) and large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (LCNEC). Currently, recommended initial management is with systemic chemotherapy, followed by consolidative therapy with either radical cystectomy or radiotherapy in patients with ...
journal_title：Endocrine pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12022-018-9516-9
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Solitary fibrous tumor was initially thought to be a pleura-based tumor. However, over the last two decades, its involvement in a variety of extrapleural sites gained recognition. Nonetheless, a primary involvement of the endocrine organs is rare, and in this report, we detail an instance where the tumor affected the ...
journal_title：Endocrine pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12022-010-9113-z
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thirteen cases of fatal sporadic medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (MCT) that killed the patient within 1 year after diagnosis were compared with 12 nonfatal MCTs with excellent prognosis. Males predominated in fatal cases whereas the reverse was true in MCTs with good prognosis. The two groups of tumors showed gener...
journal_title：Endocrine pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02914490
更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neoplastic plasma cell involvement of thyroid is an uncommon condition, and it may involve thyroid in multiple myeloma or solitary plasmacytoma. Its clinical and pathological features are not well understood. We present a rare case of synchronous thyroid involvement in plasma cell leukemia presenting as thyroid nodule...
journal_title：Endocrine pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12022-015-9392-5
更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The prognostic significance of neuroendocrine differentiation in colorectal carcinoma is uncertain. We analyzed 289 moderately differentiated (grades II and Ill) colorectal carcinomas for neuroendocrine differentiation by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. The tumors were divided into three groups based o...
journal_title：Endocrine pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02739950
更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:CD44 and orthopedia homeobox protein (OTP) expressions have shown to be predictive of overall survival in pulmonary carcinoid (PC) tumours. The scope of the present study was to validate their role in PC patients and investigate potential application in clinical practice. Data was collected from patients presenting to...
journal_title：Endocrine pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12022-016-9459-y
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two unrelated families (CA and NA) in which an iodide organification defect (lOD) was present in two siblings of each family were studied. These patients had congenital goiters with hypothyroidism and a positive perchlorate discharge test. Examination of the thyroid tissue revealed no thyroid peroxidase (TPO) activity...
journal_title：Endocrine pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02739706
更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of this study was to evaluate the risk of malignancy (ROM) associated with atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) and suspicious follicular neoplasm (SFN) core needle biopsy (CNB) categories after further sub-classification. Data from 2267 thyroid nodules evaluated by ultrasound-guided CNB, from Janua...
journal_title：Endocrine pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12022-019-9577-4
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Twenty-four acromegalic patients were treated with octreotide subcutaneously for periods of 3 to 6 weeks (group I, 12 cases) or 6 months (group II, 12 cases) before transsphenoidal surgery. Radiological studies performed in 19 patients before and at the end of this treatment period revealed no changes in 8 cases. In 8...
journal_title：Endocrine pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02915452
更新日期：1991-09-01 00:00:00
