Abstract:
AIMS:The aims of the present study were, firstly, to evaluate long-term trends in the occurrence and treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and the occurrence of CVD events in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and, secondly, to assess the determinants of undertreatment of CVD risk factors. METHODS:A retrospective cohort study was conducted in 3728 children (<19 years of age) with T1DM and up to 5 age- and gender-matched diabetes-free children (reference cohort) (n = 18 513) using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). RESULTS:Compared with diabetes-free subjects, children with T1DM had significantly higher annual prevalence rates of CVD risk factors and cardiovascular (CV) medication use 20 years after the onset of diabetes (index date): hypertension: 35.2% vs. 11.4%, P < 0.001; hypercholesterolaemia: 66.7% vs. 7.14%, P < 0.001; and CV medication use: 37.0% vs. 3.6%, P < 0.001. The significant differences between prevalence rates in the two cohorts started from 1 year before the index date. Furthermore, 50% of the children in the T1DM cohort with hypertension and 53% with hypercholesterolaemia remained untreated with CV drugs for a period of 2-5 years during the 20-year follow-up. Age was the only determinant associated with undertreated hypertension in the T1DM cohort. CONCLUSIONS:Children with T1DM had substantially higher prevalence rates of hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia from 1 year before up to 20 years after the onset of diabetes compared with nondiabetics. There is a substantial undertreatment of CVD risk factors with CV drugs. In children with T1DM, screening for CVD risk factors and adequate treatment are of the utmost importance to prevent CVD later in life.
journal_name
Br J Clin Pharmacoljournal_title
British journal of clinical pharmacologyauthors
Ahmadizar F,Souverein P,de Boer A,Maitland-van der Zee AHdoi
10.1111/bcp.13482subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-04-01 00:00:00pages
776-785issue
4eissn
0306-5251issn
1365-2125journal_volume
84pub_type
杂志文章abstract::1 The properties of a recently introduced digitalis glycoside, 4-beta-methyl digoxin (medigoxin) were compared to those of a standard digoxin preparation. Using a radioimmunoassay (RIA) technique, serial plasma levels were recorded for 8 h following a single oral dose in five fasting volunteer subjects, and urinary gl...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1978.tb01686.x
更新日期:1978-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Herbal medicines and products derived from them are a diverse group of products for which different (and often limited) levels of evidence are available. As importantly, such products generally vary in their composition and are at the end of an often poorly understood value chain, which often links producers in biodiv...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/bcp.12586
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. A new method for perfusing a 10 cm segment of jejunum in humans has been used in seven subjects to study the effect of the amino acid L-leucine (40 mM) on the intestinal absorption of levodopa (2.5 mM). The tube contains six channels and has two inflatable balloons, which enable a perfusion of a closed and defined ...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1993.tb05691.x
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:Although cysteamine was first used in the treatment of cystinosis in 1976 and approved by the FDA as cysteamine bitartrate (Cystagon) in 1994, surprisingly little pharmacological data are available for this compound. Cysteamine and its related drugs are currently being evaluated for the treatment of Huntington's a...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2006.02734.x
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:The aims of the present study were to describe the consumption trends of three groups of analgesics (non-opioids, and mild and strong opioids) between 2006 and 2015 in France, and compare this pattern of use with six European countries in 2015. METHODS:Annual drugs sales were extracted from the French national au...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bcp.13564
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:To characterize potential mechanism-based inactivation (MBI) of major human drug-metabolizing cytochromes P450 (CYP) by monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, including the antitubercular drug isoniazid. METHODS:Human liver microsomal CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP3A activities were investigated following c...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2006.02627.x
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) not only enhance cellular glucose transport but are reported to have potent anti-inflammatory effects. These effects may play an important role in the insulin sensitizing mechanism, and possibly precede the effects on parameters of glucoregulation. We sought to investigate whether these a...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2005.02532.x
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:To develop a semi-mechanistic model, based on glutathione depletion and predict a previously identified intra-individual reduction in busulfan clearance to aid in more precise dosing. METHODS:Busulfan concentration data, measured as part of regular care for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) patie...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bcp.14256
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::1 Cimetidine has been reported to reduce serum calcium and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in primary hyperparathyroidism, but some studies have reported negative findings. 2 A double-blind, controlled trial of cimetidine in this condition was, therefore, conducted. Eight patients were given cimetidine and placebo fo...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1982.tb04960.x
更新日期:1982-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ipratropium bromide (0.5 mg) and fenoterol (2 mg) produced equivalent peak bronchodilatation between 1 and 2 h after administration to eight patients with chronic partially reversible airways obstruction. The duration of action compared with saline was 6 h for ipratropium and 4 h for fenoterol. Both drugs in combinati...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1982.tb04946.x
更新日期:1982-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical pharmacologists in universities play major roles in research and teaching and provide important contributions to National Health Service (NHS) activities, such as work for research ethics, drug and therapeutics, and clinical governance committees. Their research extends from preclinical studies using drugs to...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04228.x
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::1 The effects of propranolol and atenolol given in random order in a cross-over study to fifteen patients with essential hypertension have been studied. 2 Both drugs were effective in lowering blood pressure and side effects were not markedly different. 3 There was no change in exchangeable sodium or potassium or in t...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1980.tb00501.x
更新日期:1980-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that functions as a key regulator of cell growth, division and survival. Many haematologic malignancies exhibit elevated or aberrant mTOR activation, supporting the launch of numerous clinical trials aimed at evaluating the potential of single agent m...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/bcp.12888
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::1 The acute and chronic (8 weeks) haemodynamic responses to oral flosequinan have been investigated in 12 male patients of mean age 58.9 years with congestive heart failure of N.Y.H.A. classes II and III. 2 Flosequinan 125 mg orally significantly reduced right atrial pressure, pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary w...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1993.tb00412.x
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::1 Comparison of phenytoin clearance showed a marked increase in people over 65 years of age compared with people under 45 years of age. 2 This difference was apparent if phenytoin was given orally or intravenously. 3 Phenytoin clearance correlated inversely with phenytoin binding and plasma albumin, both of which were...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1975.tb00475.x
更新日期:1975-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. A 1.25 mg dose of cilazapril, a new angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, was administered orally to two groups of hypertensive patients, five with normal renal function (NRF) and seven with impaired renal function (IRF), once daily for 5 or 8 consecutive days. Blood pressure, heart rate and serum ACE acti...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1989.tb03493.x
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::1 Previous studies of propranolol disposition in renal failure have been conflicting. 2 Using simultaneous administration of [3H]-propranolol intravenously and unlabelled propranolol orally the principal determinants of drug distribution were calculated in normals, patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine cle...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1980.tb00511.x
更新日期:1980-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Ototoxicity is a common and troublesome side-effect of high-dose aspirin treatment but there has been little previous study of the relationships between the degree of ototoxicity and the plasma concentrations of salicylate. 2. In order to investigate the relationships between aspirin dose, total and unbound plasma ...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1989.tb03562.x
更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::All beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs that have been described share the common property of being competitive inhibitors. They differ in their associated properties, the presence or absence of cardioselectivity, membrane stabilizing activity, and partial agonist activity. Recently some beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs ...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1978.tb01644.x
更新日期:1978-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::1 The concentrations of cyclophosphamide in plasma and saliva were determined in seven patients following administration of single doses of cyclophosphamide during chemotherapy for lymphoma. 2 The saliva/plasma ratio was 0.77 +/- 0.24 (s.d.) and showed no time-dependence being rapidly established following intravenous...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1979.tb01025.x
更新日期:1979-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:Surgical site infections contribute to morbidity and mortality after surgery. The authors hypothesized that higher antibiotic tissue concentrations can be reached for a prolonged time span by continuous administration of prophylactic cefuroxime compared to bolus administration. METHODS:Twelve patients undergoing ...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bcp.13865
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of policy interventions - i.e. reimbursement decisions, guidelines and regional recommendations - on the prescribing of oral anticoagulant treatment in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS:Interrupted time series analyses were carried out using mont...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bcp.13150
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Determination of debrisoquine oxidation phenotype was carried out in 119 healthy subjects, 135 patients with chronic bronchitis and 153 patients with lung cancer, all of Caucasian origin. 2. A non-Gaussian distribution of the log D/HD ratio was observed in the three groups. 3. Assuming an antimode of 1.12, the prop...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1991.tb05575.x
更新日期:1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:To demonstrate the bioequivalence of macitentan/tadalafil fixed-dose combination (FDC) tablets with single-component tablets of macitentan and tadalafil in healthy subjects. METHODS:Studies AC-077-101 and AC-077-103 were single-centre, open-label, single-dose, 2-period, randomized, crossover Phase 1 studies condu...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bcp.14347
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:The protease inhibitor indinavir is characterized by an important interindividual pharmacokinetic variability, which results from the actions of the metabolizing enzymes cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A and the multidrug efflux pump P-glycoprotein (P-gp), encoded by MDR1. Using a population pharmacokinetic approach, we in...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2007.02903.x
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The systemic effects of inhaled fluticasone propionate (FP), administered via Diskhaler, on the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis were assessed primarily by measuring plasma cortisol at frequent intervals for 20 h after drug administration. 2. FP showed a dose-related suppression of plasma cortisol measured ...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1994.tb04393.x
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Infections due to resistant and multidrug resistant (MDR) organisms in haematology patients and haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients are an increasingly complex problem of global concern. We outline the burden of illness and epidemiology of resistant organisms such as gram-negative pathogens, vancomycin-resi...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/bcp.12310
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Codeine was administered rectally to thirteen infants and young children undergoing elective surgery. Nine infants (6-10 months old) received a 4 mg suppository and four children (3-4 years old) an 8 mg suppository. Codeine and its metabolite morphine were measured in plasma by GC/MS. 2. The mean concentrations of ...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1992.tb03999.x
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Enalapril is the result of a targeted research programme to develop a non-mercapto converting enzyme inhibitor with a long duration of action and an improved safety profile for use in the therapy of hypertension and congestive heart failure. Over 3500 patients world-wide have received enalapril or enalaprilat. Long-te...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1984.tb02604.x
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pharmacogenetic research dedicated to the investigation of inherited factors that influence drug response has produced exciting results over the past decade. Adding to the knowledge that genetic variation in metabolic enzymes may cause drug-related adverse reactions, recent studies indicate that variation in neurotran...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2125.2002.01679.x
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00