[Care for chronic kidney disease in Uruguay: the perspective of kidney transplant patients].

Abstract:

:This study examines renal care from the perspective of kidney transplant patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), as well as their families. A qualitative study was performed in three cities of Uruguay. Using theoretical sampling, we selected 25 persons with CKD that were living with kidney transplants, in addition to five family members. Semi-structured interviews were held to explore the participants' perspectives, as well as content analysis. Four thematic lines were constructed from the participants' discourse: recognizing the successes of the system of care, the right to health, identifying problems in care, and formulating proposals for action. The system of care is rated as adequate, efficient, and high-quality by individuals living with kidney transplants who are young, employed, residing in the national capital of Montevideo, and covered by the private health sector. The opposite is true for retirees and pensioners, those with multiple morbidities, from inland Uruguay, covered by the public sector, and living in poverty. The participants also formulated proposals to solve the problems that were identified. In addition to acknowledging free and universal access to renal therapies to which patients feel they have the right, we conclude that kidney transplant patients assess the healthcare favorably and the agencies involved. Nevertheless, there are serious obstacles to accessing free, timely, and high-quality care. We recommend promoting strategies to incorporate proposals by patients and their families in order to improve such care and decrease social inequalities. :Resumen: Este trabajo examina la atención renal desde la perspectiva de quienes han sido trasplantados, padeciendo enfermedad renal crónica (ERC), así como la de sus familias. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo en tres ciudades de Uruguay. Utilizando un muestreo teórico, seleccionamos 25 personas con ERC que vivieran con trasplante renal, y cinco familiares. Se hicieron entrevistas semi-estructuradas para explorar las perspectivas de los participantes; así como análisis de contenido. Cuatro ejes temáticos fueron construidos a partir del discurso de los participantes: reconociendo los logros del sistema de atención, teniendo derecho a la salud, identificando problemas en la atención y formulando propuestas de acción. El sistema de atención es considerado adecuado, eficiente y de calidad por quienes viven con trasplante renal, son jóvenes, trabajadores, de Montevideo y están cubiertos por el sector sanitario privado. Lo contrario sucede con los jubilados o pensionistas, con multi-morbilidad, del interior del país, cubiertos por el sector público y viviendo en la pobreza. Los participantes también formulan propuestas para resolver los problemas identificados. Además de reconocer el acceso gratuito y universal a las terapias renales, a las cuales consideran tener derecho, concluimos que los individuos con trasplante de riñón valoran favorablemente la atención sanitaria y los organismos involucrados. Sin embargo, algunos enfrentan serios obstáculos para acceder a una atención gratuita, oportuna y de calidad. Recomendamos impulsar estrategias para incorporar propuestas de los individuos enfermos y sus familias, a fin de mejorar dicha atención y disminuir las desigualdades sociales. :Resumo: Este trabalho examina a atenção renal desde a perspectiva daqueles que foram transplantados, sofrendo insuficiência renal crônica (IRC), assim como desde a das suas famílias. Foi realizado um estudo qualitativo em três cidades do Uruguai. Utilizando uma amostragem teórica, selecionamos 25 pessoas com IRC que viveram com transplante renal, e cinco familiares. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas para explorar as perspectivas dos participantes; assim como a análise de conteúdo. Quatro eixos temáticos foram construídos a partir da intervenção dos participantes: reconhecendo os resultados alcançados com o sistema de atenção, tendo direito à saúde, identificando problemas na assistência e formulando propostas de ação. O sistema de assistência é considerado adequado, eficiente e de qualidade por quem vive com transplante renal, são jovens, trabalhadores, de Montevidéu e estão cobertos pelo seguro de saúde privado. O oposto acontece com os aposentados ou pensionários, com multi-morbilidade, no interior do país, cobertos pelo sistema público e vivendo na pobreza. Os participantes também apresentam propostas para resolver os problemas identificados. Além disso, se reconhece o acesso gratuito e universal às terapias renais, para as quais consideram ter direito, concluímos que os indivíduos com transplante de rins valorizam favoravelmente a atenção sanitária e as instituições envolvidas. Porém, alguns enfrentam sérios obstáculos para aceder a uma atenção gratuita, adequada e de qualidade. Recomendamos incentivar estratégias para incorporar propostas dos indivíduos doentes e suas famílias, ao fim de melhorar a referida atenção e reduzir as desigualdades sociais.

journal_name

Cad Saude Publica

authors

Mercado-Martínez FJ,Levin-Echeverri R

doi

10.1590/0102-311X00160416

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2017-10-26 00:00:00

pages

e00160416

issue

10

eissn

0102-311X

issn

1678-4464

pii

S0102-311X2017001005008

journal_volume

33

pub_type

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