Abstract:
:The nucleoplasm is not homogenous; it consists of many types of nuclear bodies, also known as nuclear domains or nuclear subcompartments. These self-organizing structures gather machinery involved in various nuclear activities. Nuclear speckles (NSs) or splicing speckles, also called interchromatin granule clusters, were discovered as sites for splicing factor storage and modification. Further studies on transcription and mRNA maturation and export revealed a more general role for splicing speckles in RNA metabolism. Here, we discuss the functional implications of the localization of numerous proteins crucial for epigenetic regulation, chromatin organization, DNA repair and RNA modification to nuclear speckles. We highlight recent advances suggesting that NSs facilitate integrated regulation of gene expression. In addition, we consider the influence of abundant regulatory and signaling proteins, i.e. protein kinases and proteins involved in protein ubiquitination, phosphoinositide signaling and nucleoskeletal organization, on pre-mRNA synthesis and maturation. While many of these regulatory proteins act within NSs, direct evidence for mRNA metabolism events occurring in NSs is still lacking. NSs contribute to numerous human diseases, including cancers and viral infections. In addition, recent data have demonstrated close relationships between these structures and the development of neurological disorders.
journal_name
Nucleic Acids Resjournal_title
Nucleic acids researchauthors
Galganski L,Urbanek MO,Krzyzosiak WJdoi
10.1093/nar/gkx759subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-10-13 00:00:00pages
10350-10368issue
18eissn
0305-1048issn
1362-4962pii
4101253journal_volume
45pub_type
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