Abstract:
:Nitrosative stress results from an increase in reactive nitrogen species (RNS) within the cell. Though the RNS - nitric oxide (·NO) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-) - play pivotal physiological roles, at elevated concentrations, these moieties can be poisonous to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells alike due to their capacity to disrupt a variety of essential biological processes. Numerous microbes are known to adapt to nitrosative stress by elaborating intricate strategies aimed at neutralizing RNS. In this review, we will discuss both the enzymatic systems dedicated to the elimination of RNS as well as the metabolic networks that are tailored to generate RNS-detoxifying metabolites - α-keto-acids. The latter has been demonstrated to nullify RNS via non-enzymatic decarboxylation resulting in the production of a carboxylic acid, many of which are potent signaling molecules. Furthermore, as aerobic energy production is severely impeded during nitrosative stress, alternative ATP-generating modules will be explored. To that end, a holistic understanding of the molecular adaptation to nitrosative stress, reinforces the notion that neutralization of toxicants necessitates significant metabolic reconfiguration to facilitate cell survival. As the alarming rise in antimicrobial resistant pathogens continues unabated, this review will also discuss the potential for developing therapies that target the alternative ATP-generating machinery of bacteria.
journal_name
Biol Chemjournal_title
Biological chemistryauthors
Tharmalingam S,Alhasawi A,Appanna VP,Lemire J,Appanna VDdoi
10.1515/hsz-2017-0152subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-10-26 00:00:00pages
1193-1208issue
11eissn
1431-6730issn
1437-4315pii
/j/bchm.just-accepted/hsz-2017-0152/hsz-2017-0152.journal_volume
398pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Mitochondria contain elaborate machineries for the import of precursor proteins from the cytosol. The translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane (TOM) performs the initial import of precursor proteins and transfers the precursors to downstream translocases, including the presequence translocase and the carrier tr...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/hsz-2016-0145
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Insulin contains three disulfide bonds, one intrachain bond, A6-A11, and two interchain bonds, A7-B7 and A20-B19. Site-directed mutagenesis results (the two cysteine residues of disulfide A7-B7 were replaced by serine) showed that disulfide A7-B7 is crucial to both the structure and activity of insulin. However, chemi...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2004.151
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Zinc (Zn2+) is the most abundant trace element in cells and is essential for a vast number of catalytic, structural, and regulatory processes. Mounting evidence indicates that like calcium (Ca2+), intracellular Zn2+ pools are redistributed for specific cellular functions. This occurs through the regulation of 24 Zn2+ ...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/hsz-2012-0128
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In mammals, betaine of the mitochondrial matrix is used in the cytosol by betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase for methionine synthesis. The resulting dimethylglycine is shuttled back into the mitochondrial matrix for further degradation. Nanospray tandem mass spectrometry and N-terminal amino acid sequencing of m...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2000.080
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::RNAs are key players in life as they connect the genetic code (DNA) with all cellular processes dominated by proteins. They contain a variety of chemical modifications and many RNAs fold into complex structures. Here, we review recent progress in the analysis of RNA modification and structure on the basis of stable is...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/hsz-2018-0447
更新日期:2019-06-26 00:00:00
abstract::A high-resolution crystallographic structure determination of a protein-ligand complex is generally accepted as the 'gold standard' for structure-based drug design, yet the relationship between structure and affinity is neither obvious nor straightforward. Here we analyze the interactions of a series of serine protein...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/hsz-2014-0158
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present a rapid and simple method for the sexing of human and other primate DNA. Homologous introns from the X- and Y-linked zinc finger protein genes (ZFX and ZFY) are PCR amplified with one primer pair. An Alu element insertion in the ZFX intron results in a size difference in the amplicons which is resolved by a...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cellular volume regulation is fundamental for numerous physiological processes. The volume-regulated anion channel, VRAC, plays a crucial role in regulatory volume decrease. This channel, which is ubiquitously expressed in vertebrates, has been vastly characterized by electrophysiological means. It opens upon cell swe...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/hsz-2015-0127
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Abstract Hairpin ribozymes occur naturally only in the satellite RNAs of tobacco ringspot virus (TRsV), chicory yellow mottle virus (CYMoV) and arabis mosaic virus (ArMV). The catalytic centre of the predominantly studied sTRsV hairpin ribozyme, and of sArMV is organised around a four-way helical junction. We show her...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2011.071
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Calpain is a calcium-activated non lysosomal neutral thiol protease (EC 3.4.22.17) present in a wide variety of eukaryotic cells. Calpain is usually present as an inactive form and is activated by calcium ions and phospholipids. The ability of calpain to alter, by limited proteolysis, the activity or function of numer...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/BC.2002.079
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plants lack specialised organs and circulatory systems, and oxygen can fall to low concentrations in metabolically active, dense or bulky tissues. In animals that tolerate hypoxia or anoxia, low oxygen triggers an adaptive inhibition of respiration and metabolic activity. Growing potato tubers were used to investigate...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2000.093
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have previously described Kunitz-type serine proteinase inhibitors purified from Bauhinia seeds. Human plasma kallikrein shows different susceptibility to those inhibitors. In this communication, we describe the interaction of human plasma kallikrein with fluorogenic and non-fluorogenic peptides based on the Bauhin...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2001.016
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The production and processing of ribosomal RNA is a complex and well-coordinated nucleolar process for ribosome biogenesis. Progress in understanding nucleolar structure and function has lead to the unexpected discovery of the nucleolus as a highly sensitive sensor of cellular stress and an important regulator of the ...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/hsz-2013-0153
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review addresses many of the chemical aspects of nitrosative stress mediated by N2O3. From a cellular perspective, N2O3 and the resulting reactive nitrogen oxide species target specific motifs such as thiols, lysine active sites, and zinc fingers and is dependant upon both the rates of production as well as consu...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/BC.2004.001
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present a novel strategy, termed CISTEM, which allows direct in vivo screening of polypeptides displayed on the surface of E. coli cells by a combination of ligand-mediated protection and phage-mediated selection. The effectiveness of this new approach was demonstrated by displaying the T7.tag on the surface of E. ...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2001.202
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protein transport, especially into different cellular compartments, is a highly coordinated and regulated process. The molecular machineries which carry out these transport processes are highly complex in structure, function, and regulation. In the case of chloroplasts, thousands of protein molecules have been estimat...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/BC.2009.051
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::γ-Secretase is a membrane-embedded protease complex with presenilin as the catalytic component. Cleavage within the transmembrane domain of the amyloid β-protein precursor (APP) by γ-secretase produces the C-terminus of the amyloid β-peptide (Aβ), a proteolytic product prone to aggregation and strongly linked to Alzhe...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/hsz-2012-0140
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A FAD and [4Fe-4S]cluster-containing enzyme from Clostridium aminobutyricum catalyses the reversible dehydration of 4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA to crotonyl-CoA which involves the cleavage of an unactivated C-H bond at the beta-carbon. Transient oxidation of the substrate to an enoxy radical by FAD might facilitate the remova...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/bchm.1997.378.8.843
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (AT) catalyzes the committed step in creatine biosynthesis by formation of guanidinoacetic acid, the direct precursor of creatine. The X-ray structure of the human enzyme shows a novel fold with fivefold pseudosymmetry of beta beta alphabeta-modules. These modules enclose the acti...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Early diagnostics at the preclinical stage of Alzheimer's disease is of utmost importance for drug development in clinical trials and prognostic guidance. Since soluble Aβ oligomers are considered to play a crucial role in the disease pathogenesis, several methods aim to quantify Aβ oligomers in body fluids such as ce...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/hsz-2016-0153
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mutations of the p53 gene may alter the specific regulatory domains of the protein. We examined the conserved domains III, IV and V by SSCP using PCR primers covering exons 5, 6, 7 and 8 from hairy cell leukemia (HCL), polyps, colorectal and gastric carcinomas. A low rate of p53 mutations was detected in HCL and polyp...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha (SDF-1alpha) is a strong migratory stimulant for hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). The hematopoietic cytokines thrombopoietin (TPO), Flt3-ligand (FL), stem cell factor (SCF) and interleukin 11 (IL-11) are able to stimulate amplification of primitive murine hematopoieti...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2008.099
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The HIRIP3 protein had been identified from its interaction with the HIRA histone chaperone. Experiments using anti-peptide antisera indicated that this 556-aa protein is nuclear throughout the cell cycle and excluded from condensed chromatin during mitosis. Based on its electrophoretic migration and sensitivity to ph...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2007.045
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acid ceramidase (N-acylsphingosine deacylase, EC 3.5.1.23; AC) is the lipid hydrolase responsible for the degradation of ceramide into sphingosine and free fatty acids within lysosomes. The enzymatic activity was first identified over four decades ago and is deficient in two rare inherited disorders, Farber lipogranul...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/hsz-2014-0290
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cellular adhesion molecule E-selectin is expressed on activated endothelial cells, and is involved in the process of adherence of blood cells to vessel endothelium in inflammatory events such as atherosclerosis. In a recent study we found a Ser128Arg mutation in the EGF domain as well as a Leu554Phe mutation in th...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.1999.082
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The fundamental cellular role and molecular interactions of annexins in vesicle trafficking and membrane remodeling remain to be further clarified in order to better understand and exploit their contributions to health and disease. We focused on distinctive features of atypical annexins from all domains of life using ...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/hsz-2016-0273
更新日期:2017-06-27 00:00:00
abstract::Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are obligatory for receptor binding and mitogenic activity of the basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). In the present study the influence of undersulfated heparan sulfate on the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor and coronary smooth muscle cell (cSMC) proliferation was investi...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/bchm.1997.378.7.701
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tissue kallikrein KLK1 and the kallikrein-related peptidases KLK2-15 are a subfamily of serine proteases that have defined or proposed roles in a range of central nervous system (CNS) and non-CNS pathologies. To further understand their potential activity in multiple sclerosis (MS), serum levels of KLK1, 6, 7, 8 and 1...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2008.085
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bradykinin causes vascular relaxations through release of endothelial relaxing factors including prostacyclin, nitric oxide (NO) and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs). Bradykinin is metabolized by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and ACE inhibition enhances bradykinin relaxations. Our goal was to characterize the ro...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/hsz-2012-0348
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protein folding is one of the fundamental processes in life and therefore needs to be tightly regulated. Many cellular quality control systems are in place to ensure that proteostasis is optimally adjusted for a changing environment, facilitating protein folding, translocation and degradation. These systems include th...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/hsz-2018-0458
更新日期:2019-06-26 00:00:00