Spatially restricted dental regeneration drives pufferfish beak development.

abstract：:Atmospheric oxidation of natural and anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) leads to secondary organic aerosol (SOA), which constitutes a major and often dominant component of atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Recent work demonstrates that rapid autoxidation of organic peroxy radicals (RO2) formed ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pye HOT,D'Ambro EL,Lee BH,Schobesberger S,Takeuchi M,Zhao Y,Lopez-Hilfiker F,Liu J,Shilling JE,Xing J,Mathur R,Middlebrook AM,Liao J,Welti A,Graus M,Warneke C,de Gouw JA,Holloway JS,Ryerson TB,Pollack IB,Thornton

更新日期：2019-04-02 00:00:00

abstract：:The preservation of our cultural heritage is of great importance to future generations. Despite this, significant problems have arisen with the conservation of waterlogged wooden artifacts. Three major issues facing conservators are structural instability on drying, biological degradation, and chemical degradation on ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Walsh Z,Janeček ER,Hodgkinson JT,Sedlmair J,Koutsioubas A,Spring DR,Welch M,Hirschmugl CJ,Toprakcioglu C,Nitschke JR,Jones M,Scherman OA

更新日期：2014-12-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Cryptococcus neoformans (Cn) is a soil fungus that causes life-threatening meningitis in immunocompromised patients and is a facultative intracellular pathogen capable of replication inside macrophages. The mechanism by which environmental fungi acquire and maintain virulence for mammalian hosts is unknown. We hypothe...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Steenbergen JN,Shuman HA,Casadevall A

更新日期：2001-12-18 00:00:00

abstract：:A somatic hybrid of ASL-1 leukemia cells [H-2a, thymus leukemia (TL)1,2,3, Thy-1b] and LM(TK)-cells [H-2-k, TL(-), Thy-1 (-), thymidine kinase deficient] was formed with the aid of inactivated Sendai virus. The selection of hybrid cell clones was facilitated by the inability of ASL-1 cells to grow in vitro and of LM(T...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liang W,Cohen EP

更新日期：1975-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mechanical robustness of the cell under different modes of stress and deformation is essential to its survival and function. Under tension, mechanical rigidity is provided by the cytoskeletal network; with increasing stress, this network stiffens, providing increased resistance to deformation. However, a cell must als...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhou EH,Trepat X,Park CY,Lenormand G,Oliver MN,Mijailovich SM,Hardin C,Weitz DA,Butler JP,Fredberg JJ

更新日期：2009-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Aconitase (Aco1p) is a multifunctional protein: It is an enzyme of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. In animal cells, Aco1p also is a cytosolic protein binding to mRNAs to regulate iron metabolism. In yeast, Aco1p was identified as a component of mtDNA nucleoids. Here we show that yeast Aco1p protects mtDNA from excessive...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chen XJ,Wang X,Butow RA

更新日期：2007-08-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Erythroid cells which are homogeneous with regard to stage of maturation are naturally available from the circulation of chick embryos at various times of development. This provides a convenient system for examining the changes in plasma membrane protein composition during red cell maturation. Plasma membranes are iso...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chan LL

更新日期：1977-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mice with a targeted deletion of beta3 integrin were used to examine the process by which tumor cells metastasize and destroy bone. Injection of B16 melanoma cells into the left cardiac ventricle resulted in osteolytic bone metastasis in 74% of beta3+/+ mice by 14 days. In contrast, only 4% of beta3-/- mice developed ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bakewell SJ,Nestor P,Prasad S,Tomasson MH,Dowland N,Mehrotra M,Scarborough R,Kanter J,Abe K,Phillips D,Weilbaecher KN

更新日期：2003-11-25 00:00:00

abstract：:The primary structure of proteins S1, the largest protein component of the Escherichia coli ribosome, has been elucidated by determining the amino acid sequence of the protein (from E. coli MRE600) and the nucleotide sequence of the S1 gene (rpsA, of a K-12 strain). The two methods gave results in perfect agreement ex...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schnier J,Kimura M,Foulaki K,Subramanian AR,Isono K,Wittmann-Liebold B

更新日期：1982-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A recent article [Vinkovic D, Kirman A (2006) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103:19261-19265] showing that the Schelling model has a physical analogue extends our understanding of the model. However, prior research has already outlined a mathematical basis for the Schelling model and simulations based on it have already enhan...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Clark WA,Fossett M

更新日期：2008-03-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Type I Interferons (IFNs) are requisite components in antiviral innate immunity. Classically, a Toll-like receptor-dependent pathway induces type I interferons. However, recent recognition of melanoma differentiation associated gene-5 (MDA-5) and retinoic acid inducible gene-I (RIG-I) as primary sensors of RNA viruses...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sarkar D,Desalle R,Fisher PB

更新日期：2008-11-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The zinc finger transcription factor Miz1 is a negative regulator of TNFalpha-induced JNK activation and cell death through inhibition of TRAF2 K63-polyubiquitination in a transcription-independent manner. Upon TNFalpha stimulation, Miz1 undergoes K48-linked polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, thereby reli...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yang Y,Do H,Tian X,Zhang C,Liu X,Dada LA,Sznajder JI,Liu J

更新日期：2010-07-27 00:00:00

abstract：:The important role that cilia and flagella play in human disease creates an urgent need to identify genes involved in ciliary assembly and function. The strong and specific induction of flagellar-coding genes during flagellar regeneration in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii suggests that transcriptional profiling of such cel...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Stolc V,Samanta MP,Tongprasit W,Marshall WF

更新日期：2005-03-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Screening of a human placenta lambda gt11 library has led to the isolation of the cDNA for the human beta 1-adrenergic receptor (beta 1AR). Used as the probe was the human genomic clone termed G-21. This clone, which contains an intronless gene for a putative receptor, was previously isolated by virtue of its cross hy...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Frielle T,Collins S,Daniel KW,Caron MG,Lefkowitz RJ,Kobilka BK

更新日期：1987-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The reactivities of N-iodosuccinimide and iodine with various goitrogenic compounds were studied with dimethylsulfoxide through which nitrogen had been bubbled as a solvent. Although iodine does not react with all of the compounds, N-iodosuccinimide does react with all of them. N-Iodosuccinimide may, therefore, serve ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jirousek L,Soodak M

更新日期：1973-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It has been hypothesized that penicillin acts as a structural analog of the acyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine terminus of nascent bacterial cell wall and that it consequently binds to and acylates the active site of the enzyme(s) that crosslinks the cell wall to form an inactive penicilloyl enzyme [Tipper, D.J. & Strominger, J....

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yocum RR,Waxman DJ,Rasmussen JR,Strominger JL

更新日期：1979-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Murine embryonic stem (ES) cells were infected with a retrovirus promoter trap vector, and clones expressing lacZ fusion genes (LacZ+) were isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Of 12 fusion genes tested, 1 was repressed when ES cells were allowed to differentiate in vitro. Two of three lacZ fusion g...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Reddy S,Rayburn H,von Melchner H,Ruley HE

更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It has been proposed that the causative agent of scrapie represents a class of infectious particle that is devoid of nucleic acid and that an altered form of the endogenous prion protein (PrP) is the agent. However, it has been difficult to exclude the possibility that PrP purified from scrapie tissues might be contam...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Caughey B,Race RE,Vogel M,Buchmeier MJ,Chesebro B

更新日期：1988-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Numerous biomolecular studies from the past 20 years have indicated that the large African monkeys Papio, Theropithecus, and Mandrillus have a diphyletic relationship with different species groups of mangabeys. According to the results of these studies, mandrills and drills (Mandrillus) are most closely related to the...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fleagle JG,McGraw WS

更新日期：1999-02-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Angiosperm reproduction is characterized by alternate diploid sporophytic and haploid gametophytic generations. Gametogenesis shares similarities with that of animals except for the formation of the gametophyte, whereby haploid cells undergo several rounds of postmeiotic mitosis to form gametes and the accessory cells...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Park GT,Frost JM,Park JS,Kim TH,Lee JS,Oh SA,Twell D,Brooks JS,Fischer RL,Choi Y

更新日期：2014-12-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The VX2 carcinoma-bearing rabbit is an animal model for tumor-induced hypercalcemia, thought to be due to increased bone destruction effected by prostaglandin E2. The present experiments suggest that the pathophysiology of the hypercalcemia differs from that previously proposed. Tumor was transplanted intramuscularly ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Doppelt SH,Slovik DM,Neer RM,Nolan J,Zusman RM,Potts JT Jr

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Natural exposure to prion disease is likely to occur throughout successive challenges, yet most experiments focus on single large doses of infectious material. We analyze the results from an experiment in which rodents were exposed to multiple doses of feed contaminated with the scrapie agent. We formally define hypot...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gravenor MB,Stallard N,Curnow R,McLean AR

更新日期：2003-09-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The identity of cells that mediate positive selection of CD8(+) T cells was investigated in two T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic systems. Irradiated beta(2)-microglobulin mutant mice or mice with mutations in both the K(b) and D(b) genes were repopulated with fetal liver cells from class I(+) TCR transgenic mice. In t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zerrahn J,Volkmann A,Coles MC,Held W,Lemonnier FA,Raulet DH

更新日期：1999-09-28 00:00:00

abstract：:An electron density map at 3 angstrom resolution has been calculated for Cu2+, Zn2+ superoxide dismutase from bovine erythrocytes, and the course of the main chain has been traced. The dominant structural feature is an 8-stranded barrel of antiparallel beta-pleated sheet. There is one very short helical section and tw...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Richardson J,Thomas KA,Rubin BH,Richardson DC

更新日期：1975-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:ATP-sensitive potassium channels (K(ATP)) are involved in a diverse array of physiologic functions including protection of tissue against ischemic insult, regulation of vascular tone, and modulation of insulin secretion. To improve our understanding of the role of K(ATP) in these processes, we used a gene-targeting st...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chutkow WA,Samuel V,Hansen PA,Pu J,Valdivia CR,Makielski JC,Burant CF

更新日期：2001-09-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Translation initiation of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA genome occurs through an internal ribosome entry site in a cap-independent manner. Here, we have examined the interaction between La antigen and the HCV 5' noncoding region (5'NCR). In this analysis, competitor RNAs derived from HCV 5'NCR carrying deletions and...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ali N,Siddiqui A

更新日期：1997-03-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Here we test the hypothesis that high-altitude native resident Tibetan women with genotypes for high oxygen saturation of hemoglobin, and thus less physiological hypoxic stress, have higher Darwinian fitness than women with low oxygen saturation genotypes. Oxygen saturation and genealogical data were collected from re...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Beall CM,Song K,Elston RC,Goldstein MC

更新日期：2004-09-28 00:00:00

abstract：:HIV-1, the cause of AIDS, is composed of four phylogenetic lineages, groups M, N, O, and P, each of which resulted from an independent cross-species transmission event of simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) infecting African apes. Although groups M and N have been traced to geographically distinct chimpanzee commun...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： D'arc M,Ayouba A,Esteban A,Learn GH,Boué V,Liegeois F,Etienne L,Tagg N,Leendertz FH,Boesch C,Madinda NF,Robbins MM,Gray M,Cournil A,Ooms M,Letko M,Simon VA,Sharp PM,Hahn BH,Delaporte E,Mpoudi Ngole E,Peeters M

更新日期：2015-03-17 00:00:00

abstract：:All but two genes involved in the ergosterol biosynthetic pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been cloned, and their corresponding mutants have been described. The remaining genes encode the C-3 sterol dehydrogenase (C-4 decarboxylase) and the 3-keto sterol reductase and in concert with the C-4 sterol methyloxida...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gachotte D,Barbuch R,Gaylor J,Nickel E,Bard M

更新日期：1998-11-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Climate change is expected to cause shifts in the composition of tropical montane forests towards increased relative abundances of species whose ranges were previously centered at lower, hotter elevations. To investigate this process of "thermophilization," we analyzed patterns of compositional change over the last de...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Duque A,Stevenson PR,Feeley KJ

更新日期：2015-08-25 00:00:00