Abstract：
:Melasma is an acquired disorder of pigmentation that presents with asymptomatic symmetric darkening of the face. The pathogenesis of this condition is multifactorial and influenced by several factors including female sex hormones, genetic predisposition and ultraviolet light exposure. The management of melasma is usually directed at more than one of the causative etiologic factors and often incorporates a combination of topical agents, with or without the addition of physical modalities. Estrogen and angiogenesis are significant factors in the etiology of melasma. A useful addition to the therapeutic armentarium for treating melasma would include a topical agent that could effect both of these causative factors. Specifically, a topical preparation consisting of an anti-estrogen and a vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor would accomplish this goal. Suitable candidates that target estrogen receptors and vascular endothelial growth factor are currently used in medical oncology as systemic antineoplastic agents. The anti-estrogen could be either a selective estrogen receptor modulator (such as tamoxifen or raloxifene) or an aromatase inhibitor (such as anastrozole or letrozole or exemestane). The vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor would be bevacizumab. In conclusion, a novel-topically administered-therapy for melasma would combine an anti-estrogen and a vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor.
journal_name
Med Hypothesesjournal_title
Medical hypothesesauthors
Cohen PRdoi
10.1016/j.mehy.2017.01.020subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-04-01 00:00:00pages
1-5eissn
0306-9877issn
1532-2777pii
S0306-9877(16)30770-8journal_volume
101pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Curvilinear distraction is currently under investigation to reconstruct curved maxillofacial bone defects. However, previous studies have revealed the discrepancy between the contour of the regenerated bone in the distraction gap and the curvilinear pathway of the transport disc. We hypothesize that the discrepancy is...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2012.06.011
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exercise induced bronchospasm (EIB) affects approximately 10% of normal individuals with higher prevalence rates among children, obese adults, and competitive athletes. Although hyperpnea with dry air is the best known cause, the problem is multifactorial with atopy, asthma and chlorine all playing established roles. ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2015.08.014
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a previous paper, I have proposed that the deficiency of an endogenous caffeine-like substance is the underlying pathogenic mechanism in schizophrenia (1). In the present paper, my new concept is used to explain many of the clinical, biochemical, radiologic and pharmacologic facts about schizophrenia. ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(91)90261-v
更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There must be pathophysiological reason why "cold" viruses like SARS-CoV-2 show proclivity to nasal cavity, oral cavity, pharyngeal cavity and upper airways which have lower temperature than core body temperature. Henceforth, facemasks' "therapeutic" role against SARS-CoV-2 must be explored because personal "therapeut...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 信件
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109855
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The hypothesis of the evolutionary origin of bipolar disorder (EOBD) synthesized ideas about the biological clock and seasonal shifts in mood (Rosenthal, Wehr) with theorizing that bipolar disorder descends from a pyknic (compact, cold-adapted) group (Kretchmer). The hypothesis suggested that bipolar behaviors evolved...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2011.10.005
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hyperbaric oxygen exposure is a recent hazzard for higher animals that originated as humans began underwater construction, exploration, and sports. Exposure can lead to abnormal brain EEG, convulsions, and death, the time to onset of each stage of pathology decreasing with increase in oxygen pressure. We provide evide...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109375
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cancer stem cells are a small population of tumor cells that have many malignant features such as chemotherapy resistance, radiotherapy resistance, tumorigenicity and are responsible for tumor progression, disease recurrence and metastasis. Therefore, insight into the regulation of the biology of cancer stem cells is ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2012.12.016
更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hyperplasia of the coronoid process of the mandible has been observed in conditions like Oral submucous fibrosis, TMJ ankylosis, etc. The etiopathogenesis of this coronoid overgrowth has not been clearly sequenced or adequately hypothesized, and no definite mechanism has so far been advocated to explain this elongatio...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2011.07.058
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study is to identify a possible function of Active Sleep (AS), also known as Rapid Eye Movement Sleep (REM) in humans, as a protective state during early Central Nervous System (CNS) development. Previous research suggest pharmacological agents that inhibit high levels of neuronal activity in the CNS (...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2004.01.014
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The prevalence of adult and childhood obesity are increasing. Most of the human newborn's body fat accumulates in the last half of intrauterine life. Fat in the fetus was thought to be mostly synthesized from glucose, but now it is commonly accepted that the bulk of it is the product of placental transfer of maternal ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2018.10.022
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present analysis addresses the question of how it has been possible for academic medicine to grow and lose its creative productivity at the same time. A mathematical model is developed to simulate the mechanisms that govern growth of medical systems over time. Time-dependent growth of system size increases the occ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2005.02.028
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Personality trait research has shown associations with many genes, prominently those of the catecholamine metabolism such as dopamine beta hydroxylase (DBH), catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), and monoamine oxidase A (MAOA). Because DBH gene is in linkage disequilibrium with ABO gene, there is reason to think that o...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2011.04.039
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Obstructive sleep apnea is characterized by episodes of intermittent hypoxia that occur while the afflicted person sleeps, and is believed to affect and have a negative impact on many people worldwide. Both observational evidence in obstructive sleep apnea patients and direct studies in mice mimicking the disease stro...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2008.02.021
更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute stroke, including acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and acute hemorrhagic stroke, (AHS) is a common medical problem with particular relevance to the demographic changes in industrialized societies. In recent years, treatments for AIS have emerged, including thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). Althou...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2010.07.038
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This novel, iso-osmo-resistive theory offers electro-resistivity of food components as a new dimension for digestion. Firstly, fats, carbohydrates and proteins differ markedly in their resistivity, which offers a way to monitor them, especially when digestive enzymes cause consistent and distinctive changes. Secondly ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109282
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A comparison of more important physical, chemical and biological properties of the nitric oxide (NO) and free stable nitroxyl radicals (nitroxides) on the base of their structural similarity is made in the article. The active moiety in the nitroxide molecule represents a sterically hindered nitric oxide. The mechanism...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1054/mehy.2001.1284
更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Primary hyperparathyroidism is one of the most common causes of hypercalcemia. Most cases result from sporadic benign monoclonal adenomas or hyperplasia. Increased body weight is consistently present in cohorts of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. It has been shown that fat mass is the major determinant of se...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2010.08.039
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Geographic patterns with diminishing rates from north to south toward the equator have been described for a number of diseases, putatively related largely to "western" lifestyle. Among these the inflammatory bowel diseases; Crohn's (CD) and Ulcerative colitis (UC) have been prominent in sharing distributions with a nu...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2016.10.001
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We were interested whether fluorine, at the concentrations regarded as normal, can play a role in PCOS pathogenesis. The effect was not described in PCOS. Women with PCOS were diagnosed according to Rotterdam's criteria. The average age of 40 examined women with PCOS was 26.3 ± 5.5 years, BMI-29.16 ± 0.8, WHR-0.91 ± 0...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2019.05.007
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by loss of dopaminergic neuromelanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra. Peripheral melanin, found in skin and hair, and neuromelanin appear to have some characteristics in common and share the same precursor for their synthesis; therefore...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2019.04.013
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:MS risk is associated with low vitamin D status prior to disease, and Epstein Barr virus (EBV) infection seems to be a prerequisite for MS. EBV could activate autoreactive T cells by several mechanisms, but it is not clear why this leads to MS. Only a small proportion of those infected with EBV develops MS, whereas au...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2007.04.030
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In early synovitides the tissue inflammatory cell reaction is often weak and sometimes absent, many alterations being consistent with nonvasculitic exudation (I). Increased permeability to protein may require little, if any, endothelial damage. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA) increased transfer of fluid and protein from ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(82)90063-9
更新日期：1982-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Structures which morphologically resemble treponemes have been found in material from patients suffering from latent or late latent syphilis, many of whom have received treatment in the past. These structures were also found in the blood or spinal fluid (SF) of asymptomatic patients with both positive and negative ser...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(92)90137-2
更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The favourable effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)- and doco-sahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich diets (marine fish, fish oil) on several risk factors for cardiovascular disease are well established. The present survey describes possible new indications for diets supplemented with long-chain n-3 fatty acids. During a stand...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(91)90169-y
更新日期：1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The thickness of the choroid is measured on the optical coherence tomography (OCT) as the distance between the hyperreflective retinal pigment epithelium and the hyperreflective chorio-scleral junction, contributed by the choroidal vessels and choroidal melanocytes. Our hypothesis is that the amount of absorption and ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110408
更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This hypothesis would help to elevate safety in nanogold-therapy of some cancers. It has no previous record in published media and there is no existing protocol for what is expressed in this paper. The hypothesis makes some experimental recommendations for future research at the interface of nanotechnology and biologi...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2013.01.035
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A large number of epileptic patients suffer from refractory epilepsy, despite optimal treatment; thus these patients require new therapeutic approaches. Focal seizure activity is typically initiated in a fixed and localized region, which subsequently spreads to neighboring regions or more distant areas. At the initial...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2013.07.046
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Immune competence is considered as a state of equilibrium between humoral and cellular immunity. This notion fits well with the functionally antagonistic cytokine profiles in cell groups of CD4(+)-helper cells as described by Mosmann and Coffman. The Th-1 cells release mainly IL-2, IL-12 and IFN gamma and thereby stim...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0306-9877(96)90130-9
更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cytokines and their effects are widely studied in immunology, but the cellular mechanisms responsible for producing these substances are not yet described or proven. Antigen presenting cells (APCs), macrophages and dendritic cells are suitable subjects for such a study. One of the many papers illustrating the interpla...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1054/mehy.1997.0720
更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stressful events occur in the lives of millions of individuals each year. Such events, or "stressors", are experiences that threaten personal well-being, and include traumatic events such as motor vehicle collision, infectious illness, and situations such as military deployment. While most individuals recover from suc...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2004.03.022
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
