Hyperbaric oxygen toxicity in brain: A case of hyperoxia induced hypoglycemic brain syndrome.

Abstract:

:Hyperbaric oxygen exposure is a recent hazzard for higher animals that originated as humans began underwater construction, exploration, and sports. Exposure can lead to abnormal brain EEG, convulsions, and death, the time to onset of each stage of pathology decreasing with increase in oxygen pressure. We provide evidence that hyperoxia, through oxidative phosphorylation, increases the energy state ([ATP]/[ADP][Pi]) of cells critical to providing glucose to cells behind the blood brain barrier (BBB). Brain cells without an absolute dependence on glucose metabolism; i.e. those having sufficient ATP synthesis using lactate and glutamate as oxidizable substrates, are not themselves very adversely affected by hyperoxia. The increased energy state and decrease in free [AMP], however, suppress glucose transport through the blood brain barrier (BBB) and into cells behind the BBB. Glucose has to pass in sequence through three steps of transport by facilitated diffusion and transporter activity for each step is regulated in part by AMP dependent protein kinase. The physiological role of this regulation is to increase glucose transport in response to hypoxia and/or systemic hypoglycemia. Hyperoxia, however, through unphysiological decrease in free [AMP] suppresses 1) glucose transport through the BBB (endothelial GLUT1 transporters) into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); 2) glucose transport from CSF into cells behind the BBB (GLUT3 transporters) and (GLUT4 transporters). Cumulative suppression of glucose transport results in local regions of hypoglycemia and induces hypoglycemic failure. It is suggested that failure is initiated at axons and synapses with insufficient mitochondria to meet their energy requirements.

journal_name

Med Hypotheses

journal_title

Medical hypotheses

authors

Wilson DF,Matschinsky FM

doi

10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109375

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2019-11-01 00:00:00

pages

109375

eissn

0306-9877

issn

1532-2777

pii

S0306-9877(19)30737-6

journal_volume

132

pub_type

杂志文章
  • Autism, asthma, inflammation, and the hygiene hypothesis.

    abstract::Inflammation and the genes, molecules, and biological pathways that lead to inflammatory processes influence many important and disparate biological processes and disease states that are quite often not generally considered classical inflammatory or autoimmune disorders. These include development, reproduction, aging,...

    journal_title:Medical hypotheses

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2007.02.019

    authors: Becker KG

    更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00

  • Salt and miscarriage: Is there a link?

    abstract::Salt is a major mineral element that plays fundamental roles in health and disease. Excessive salt intake is a major cause of hypertension, cardiovascular disease and stroke. Miscarriage and preeclampsia are the most common pregnancy complications with multiple etiological factors, including inflammatory and autoimmun...

    journal_title:Medical hypotheses

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2016.02.003

    authors: Abdoli A

    更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00

  • Kawasaki disease may be a hyperimmune reaction of genetically susceptible children to variants of normal environmental flora.

    abstract::Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute febrile systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology that occurs predominantly in children <5 years of age. For the etiopathogenesis of KD, there is no agreement even as to whether KD is an infectious disease or an immune-mediated disease. The epidemiologic characteristics of KD, including...

    journal_title:Medical hypotheses

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2006.12.051

    authors: Lee KY,Han JW,Lee JS

    更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00

  • NSAIDs can have adverse effects on bone healing.

    abstract::The science of osteoimmunology, a relatively new field of research, reveals the important interactions between the immune system and skeletal system. Interactions occur between prostaglandin metabolism, inflammatory proteins and bone metabolism. Systemic as well as local sources of inflammation appear to be actively i...

    journal_title:Medical hypotheses

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2013.03.042

    authors: van Esch RW,Kool MM,van As S

    更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00

  • A pilot investigation of "metaphor blindness" in a college student population.

    abstract::Previous research from our group suggests that patients with lesions in the left inferior parietal lobule (IPL)-which is concerned with abstract numerical cognition and cross-modal association (which is consistent with its strategic location at the crossroads between the temporal, parietal and occipital lobes) have di...

    journal_title:Medical hypotheses

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2014.01.033

    authors: Jalal B,Ramachandran VS

    更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00

  • Aqueous humor dynamics and the iris.

    abstract::Solutes concentration in the aqueous humor of the eye is highest near the ciliary processes in the posterior chamber (p.c.) and lowest near the trabecular meshwork in the anterior chamber (a.c.). The high osmotic gradient across the semipermeable iris causes it to easily move forward at this location and occasionally ...

    journal_title:Medical hypotheses

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0306-9877(02)00338-9

    authors: Mark HH

    更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00

  • Deltamethrin, a pyrethroid insecticide, could be a potential antidepressant agent.

    abstract::Antidepressants, including tricyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin-noradrenalin reuptake inhibitors, are the main biological treatment for major depression. However, not all depressed patients improve clinically despite appropriate treatment. Thus,...

    journal_title:Medical hypotheses

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2005.10.011

    authors: Tsai SJ

    更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00

  • Controllable metastasis: the trap for the esophageal cancer cells?

    abstract::The prognosis of esophageal cancer (EC) remains poor, lymph node metastasis is one of the most important factors for determining the prognosis of patients with EC. Extensive lymph node dissection has long been considered as the favorable procedure to achieve an accurate pathologic staging and a better prognosis. Howev...

    journal_title:Medical hypotheses

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2010.01.017

    authors: Guo W,Ma Z,Zhao YP,Jiang YG

    更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00

  • Replicative homeostasis: a mechanism of viral persistence.

    abstract::Acute viral infection is characterised by high-level replication before prompt decline of viraemia and, commonly, viral clearance. This kinetic pattern is generally held to be due to immune control. However, infection with some viruses, notably hepatitis C (HCV), hepatitis B (HBV) and the human immunodeficiency virus ...

    journal_title:Medical hypotheses

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2004.02.050

    authors: Sallie R

    更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00

  • Better grade of tumor differentiation of oral squamous cell carcinoma arising in background of oral submucous fibrosis.

    abstract::Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a potentially malignant disorder of the oral cavity. Most of the people affected by OSMF are betel quid chewers. It is characterized by epithelial atrophy and progressive accumulation of collagen fibers in lamina propria and submucosa of the oral mucosa. 7.6% of OSMF cases undergo ora...

    journal_title:Medical hypotheses

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2013.07.001

    authors: Sarode SC,Sarode GS

    更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00

  • Extracellular volume regulation and growth.

    abstract::We have formalized extracellular and intracellular volume interaction with each other and the influence of these processes on the type of cell growth. The linearized model was verified by stereo metric solution and the results were compared with experimental data. Two theoretical solutions were found: Solution 1, extr...

    journal_title:Medical hypotheses

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2004.06.026

    authors: Hajek D,Kolar P,Maini PK,Starha P

    更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00

  • Depressed exocytosis and endocytosis of type II alveolar epithelial cells are responsible for the surfactant deficiency in the lung of newborn with congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

    abstract::Exocytosis and endocytosis are the way of macromolecules transmembrane transport. Pulmonary surfactant (PS), one of such macromolecules, is secreted via exocytosis of lamellar bodies and recycled via endocytosis by type II alveolar epithelial cells (AEC II). It maintains low alveolar surface tension and is therefore e...

    journal_title:Medical hypotheses

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2008.09.012

    authors: Xu C,Liu W,Wang Y,Chen Z,Ji Y

    更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00

  • Hypnosis and music interventions (HMIs) inactivate HIF-1: A potential curative efficacy for cancers and hypertension.

    abstract::Hypnosis and music interventions (HMIs) have shown positive influence on cancers for nearly 200years, but the underlying mechanisms were rarely explored systematically. The hypothesis suggests a potential curative efficacy of HMIs on cancers by inhibiting hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), which is a key mediator of ...

    journal_title:Medical hypotheses

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2015.07.008

    authors: Wang JZ,Li L,Pan LL,Chen JH

    更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00

  • What is the genetic factor in migraine?

    abstract::Migraine is frequently assumed to have an hereditary origin, but what this hereditary factor is, no one really knows. Researchers are currently trying to find defects in genes which could either cause, or tend towards, the development of migraine. This approach is deemed mistaken for two reasons: firstly, pain, being ...

    journal_title:Medical hypotheses

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0306-9877(02)00176-7

    authors: Eidelman D

    更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00

  • Stable genes.

    abstract::Some genes such as those for histones and RNAs are conserved unchanged through much of evolution and have numerous tandem repeat copies in the genome. It is proposed that as yet undetected 'polystrand' enzymes use such multiple copies as a means of conserving their sequence by comparing the copies and eliminating erro...

    journal_title:Medical hypotheses

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0306-9877(90)90099-z

    authors: Frei JV

    更新日期:1990-08-01 00:00:00

  • Drugs that induce neutropenia/agranulocytosis may target specific components of the stromal cell extracellular matrix.

    abstract::The etiology of drug-induced agranulocytosis is poorly understood. Many drugs that induce neutropenia or agranulocytosis can be metabolized to reactive intermediates that covalently bind to macromolecules. Until now, the myeloid precursor cell or an earlier committed progenitor cell has been favoured as the target for...

    journal_title:Medical hypotheses

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1054/mehy.1998.0734

    authors: Guest I,Uetrecht J

    更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00

  • First and second things, and the operations of conscience in science.

    abstract::Why is modern science less efficient than it used to be, why has revolutionary science declined, and why has science become so dishonest? One plausible explanation behind these observations comes from an essay First and second things published by CS Lewis. First Things are the goals that are given priority as the prim...

    journal_title:Medical hypotheses

    pub_type: 社论

    doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2009.08.017

    authors: Charlton BG

    更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00

  • Sir Karl Popper (1902-1994): in memoriam, 15 years later.

    abstract::September 17th, 2009 marks the 15th anniversary of Sir Karl Popper's death. Popper was an outspoken champion of critical rationalism, and a constant critic of authoritarian tendencies in science and society. He was also one of the spiritual founders of this journal and served on its first editorial advisory board. Pop...

    journal_title:Medical hypotheses

    pub_type: 传,社论,历史文章

    doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2009.09.021

    authors: Notturno MA

    更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00

  • Hypothetical role of gravity in Rapid Eye Movements during sleep.

    abstract::Dream periods during sleep have been observed in most mammals as early in history as antiquity. Sleep researchers at the University of Chicago, discovered the phase of rapid eye movement (REM) during sleep and connected it to the dream period. During this period, called the REM phase (after the American terminology), ...

    journal_title:Medical hypotheses

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2019.03.027

    authors: Gonfalone AA

    更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00

  • Progression of cancer.

    abstract::Carcinoma constitution originates in the hetero-duplication mitoses (4) which divide non-maturable stem cells into two different types of daughter cells: maturable and non-maturable cancerous stem cells. Throughout the progression of such mitoses, the organoid continuity of the cancer depends only on the non-maturable...

    journal_title:Medical hypotheses

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1054/mehy.1995.0677

    authors: Hirata Y

    更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00

  • Embryogenesis, morphogens and cancer stem cells: putting the puzzle together.

    abstract::This paper describes a model which puts together three key elements of cancer theory: the analogies between embryogenesis and carcinogenesis, the role played in both processes by morphogens and related pathways, and the recently emerged paradigm of cancer stem cells. The model is called Epigenetic Tracking. Originally...

    journal_title:Medical hypotheses

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2013.07.021

    authors: Fontana A,Wróbel B

    更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00

  • Biological underpinnings of the commonalities in depression, somatization, and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Somatization is a multisomatoform disorder characterized by medically unexplained, functional or psychosomatic symptoms. Similar somatic symptoms are key components of depression and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS). METHODS:This paper reviews the evidence that such symptoms are o...

    journal_title:Medical hypotheses

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2012.02.023

    authors: Anderson G,Maes M,Berk M

    更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00

  • Kissing as an evolutionary adaptation to protect against Human Cytomegalovirus-like teratogenesis.

    abstract::Mouth to mouth sexual kissing is seen in more than 90% of human cultures. Various theories have been put forward to account for this but none offer a full explanation within an evolutionary framework. As mouth to mouth sexual kissing exposes each participant to the diseases of the other, it must confer significant ben...

    journal_title:Medical hypotheses

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2009.09.033

    authors: Hendrie CA,Brewer G

    更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00

  • The effect of valsartan and nebivolol treatment on ADMA and pentraxin-3 levels in hypertensive patients.

    abstract::Long pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a recently discovered multimeric inflammatory mediator that is structurally linked to short pentraxins, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid P component. PTX3 is produced by a variety of tissues and cells, including vascular endothelial cells and macrophages. Because of its ext...

    journal_title:Medical hypotheses

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2012.05.011

    authors: Parlak A,Iyisoy A,Aydogan U,Cakir E,Saglam K

    更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00

  • What decides the nature of extraocular muscle injury? The probable mechanism of flap tear and rupture.

    abstract::The assessment of nature and the extent of extraocular muscle injuries during initial visit in ocular emergencies is of paramount importance to avoid/minimize the subsequent need for strabismus surgery. Based on our experience in managing acute globe and orbital injuries and cases of strabismus, we propose the probabl...

    journal_title:Medical hypotheses

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2019.01.011

    authors: Pujari A,Saxena R,Sharma P,Phuljhele S

    更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00

  • Preoperative gastric lavage in gastric cancer patients undergoing surgical, endoscopic or minimally invasive treatment: An oncological measure preventing peritoneal spillage of intragastric cancer cells and development of related metastases.

    abstract::In addition to classical metastatic pathways, recently gastric cancer was described having an alternative route called "endoluminal exfoliation". Provisional analyses demonstrated, in fact, this kind of shedding is associated with several clinico-pathological features indicative of aggressive behavior and resulted to ...

    journal_title:Medical hypotheses

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2018.02.023

    authors: Virgilio E,Balducci G,Mercantini P,Giarnieri E,Giovagnoli MR,Montagnini M,Proietti A,D'Urso R,Cavallini M

    更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00

  • A factor in the increased risk of colorectal cancer due to ingestion of animal fat is inhibition of colon epithelial cell glutathione S-transferase, an enzyme that detoxifies mutagens.

    abstract::Dietary animal fat increases the risk of colorectal cancer. A factor in the increased risk is hypothesised to result from the inhibition of isoforms of a colonic epithelial cell enzyme that detoxifies genotoxins, glutathione S-transferase, by one of the major secondary bile acids produced in the colon by fat digestion...

    journal_title:Medical hypotheses

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0306-9877(92)90168-c

    authors: Schneider H

    更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00

  • Does maternal saliva contain fetal DNA usable for prenatal diagnostics?

    abstract::Non-invasive molecular analysis of fetal DNA is the diagnostic goal of prenatal medicine. Circulating fetal DNA can be detected in maternal plasma. Recently, it has been detected in the urine of pregnant women. We hypothesize that fetal DNA is present also in maternal saliva and that advances in stabilization and isol...

    journal_title:Medical hypotheses

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2009.09.022

    authors: Vlková B,Szemes T,Minárik G,Turna J,Celec P

    更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00

  • Can the glyoxylate pathway contribute to fat-induced hepatic insulin resistance?

    abstract::Recent studies have shown that increased hepatic gluconeogenesis is the predominant contributor to fasting hyperglycemia - the hallmark of type 2 diabetes. Although it has been known for a long time that over-supply of fat is able to stimulate gluconeogenesis both in-vitro and in-vivo, neither the leading substrate no...

    journal_title:Medical hypotheses

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1054/mehy.1999.0943

    authors: Song S

    更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00

  • Volume transmission as a mechanism of time-dependent sensitization to antidepressant therapy.

    abstract::Administration of certain drugs such as antidepressants have been shown to produce a phenomenon known as time-dependent sensitization, a process in which the acute effects of the drugs sensitize and grow over time. While both preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated time-dependent sensitization, it is still ...

    journal_title:Medical hypotheses

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1054/mehy.1999.1001

    authors: Nathan P

    更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00