Abstract:
:Mathematical modeling has been instrumental in identifying common principles of cell polarity across diverse systems. These principles include positive feedback loops that are required to destabilize a spatially uniform state of the cell. The conserved small G-protein Cdc42 is a master regulator of eukaryotic cellular polarization. Here we discuss recent developments in studies of Cdc42 polarization in budding and fission yeasts and demonstrate that models describing symmetry-breaking polarization can be classified into six minimal classes based on the structure of positive feedback loops that activate and localize Cdc42. Owing to their generic system-independent nature, these model classes are also likely to be relevant for the G-protein-based symmetry-breaking systems of higher eukaryotes. We review experimental evidence pro et contra different theoretically plausible models and conclude that several parallel and non-mutually exclusive mechanisms are likely involved in cellular polarization of yeasts. This potential redundancy needs to be taken into consideration when interpreting the results of recent cell-rewiring studies.
journal_name
Mol Biol Celljournal_title
Molecular biology of the cellauthors
Goryachev AB,Leda Mdoi
10.1091/mbc.E16-10-0739subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-02-01 00:00:00pages
370-380issue
3eissn
1059-1524issn
1939-4586pii
28/3/370journal_volume
28pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::A cell surface proteoglycan, syndecan-1, has been shown to participate in the maintenance of the epithelial cell morphology. A point mutated activated c-Ha-ras gene under the control of the glucocorticoid inducible MMTV-LTR promoter was transfected into the mouse mammary epithelial cell line, NOG-8. The NOG-8 ras cell...
journal_title:Molecular biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1091/mbc.4.8.849
更新日期:1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The development and progression of cardiac hypertrophy often leads to heart failure and death, and important modulators of hypertrophy include the histone deacetylase proteins (HDACs). Estrogen inhibits cardiac hypertrophy and progression in animal models and humans. We therefore investigated the influence of 17-β-est...
journal_title:Molecular biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1091/mbc.E13-08-0444
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase protein localized to regions called focal adhesions, which are contact points between cells and the extracellular matrix. FAK protein acts as a scaffold to transfer adhesion-dependent and growth factor signals into the cell. Increased FAK expression is linke...
journal_title:Molecular biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1091/mbc.E10-12-0932
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multisite phosphorylation of proteins is a powerful signal processing mechanism that plays crucial roles in cell division and differentiation as well as in disease. We recently demonstrated a novel phenomenon in cell cycle regulation by showing that cyclin-dependent kinase-dependent multisite phosphorylation of a cruc...
journal_title:Molecular biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1091/mbc.E14-02-0774
更新日期:2014-11-05 00:00:00
abstract::We observed the dynamic recruitment of spindle checkpoint proteins Mad1 and Bub1 to detached kinetochores in budding yeast using real-time live-cell imaging and quantified recruitment in fixed cells. After induced de novo kinetochore assembly at one pair of sister centromeres, Mad1 appeared after the kinetochore prote...
journal_title:Molecular biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1091/mbc.E15-05-0276
更新日期:2015-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::Motile cells such as bacteria, amoebae, and fibroblasts display a continual level of energy-consuming reactions involving the cytoskeleton and signal pathways, regardless of whether or not they are actually migrating. I draw parallels between these "silent signals" and the intrinsic activity of the human brain, especi...
journal_title:Molecular biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1091/mbc.E13-12-0754
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Long-distance transport is crucial for polar-growing cells, such as neurons and fungal hyphae. Kinesins and myosins participate in this process, but their functional interplay is poorly understood. Here, we investigate the role of kinesin motors in hyphal growth of the plant pathogen Ustilago maydis. Although the micr...
journal_title:Molecular biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1091/mbc.e05-04-0272
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Septins are conserved GTP-binding cytoskeletal proteins that polymerize into filaments by end-to-end joining of hetero-oligomeric complexes. In human cells, both hexamers and octamers exist, and crystallography studies predicted the order of the hexamers to be SEPT7-SEPT6-SEPT2-SEPT2-SEPT6-SEPT7, while octamers are th...
journal_title:Molecular biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1091/mbc.E20-06-0398
更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Severe heat stress causes protein denaturation in various cellular compartments. If Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells grown at 24 degrees C are preconditioned at 37 degrees C, proteins denatured by subsequent exposure to 48-50 degrees C can be renatured when the cells are allowed to recover at 24 degrees C. Conformationa...
journal_title:Molecular biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1091/mbc.10.11.3623
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Formins have conserved roles in cell polarity and cytokinesis and directly nucleate actin filament assembly through their FH2 domain. Here, we define the active region of the yeast formin Bni1 FH2 domain and show that it dimerizes. Mutations that disrupt dimerization abolish actin assembly activity, suggesting that di...
journal_title:Molecular biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1091/mbc.e03-08-0621
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with the development of many age-related human diseases. Therefore recognizing and correcting the early signs of malfunctioning mitochondria is of critical importance for cellular welfare and survival. We previously demonstrated that VCP/Cdc48-associated mitochondrial stress res...
journal_title:Molecular biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1091/mbc.E13-02-0072
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Keratins are cytoplasmic intermediate filament proteins preferentially expressed by epithelial tissues in a site-specific and differentiation-dependent manner. The complex network of keratin filaments in stratified epithelia is tightly regulated during squamous cell differentiation. Keratin 14 (K14) is expressed in mi...
journal_title:Molecular biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1091/mbc.E10-08-0703
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cysteine string protein (Csp) is essential for neurotransmitter release in Drosophila. It has been suggested that Csp functions by regulating the activity of presynaptic Ca2+ channels, thus controlling exocytosis. We have examined the effect of overexpressing Csp1 in PC12 cells, a neuroendocrine cell line. PC12 cell c...
journal_title:Molecular biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1091/mbc.9.8.2259
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adaptins are subunits of adaptor protein (AP) complexes involved in the formation of intracellular transport vesicles and in the selection of cargo for incorporation into the vesicles. In this article, we report the results of a survey for adaptins from sequenced genomes including those of man, mouse, the fruit fly Dr...
journal_title:Molecular biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1091/mbc.12.10.2907
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Retinol-binding protein (RBP) is secreted out of the cell in its ligand-bound holo-form. The apo-form of RBP is selectively retained within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by a mechanism that remains unknown. Using isolated microsomal system, we have recapitulated the biogenesis of RBP involving its oxidative folding a...
journal_title:Molecular biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1091/mbc.e08-01-0026
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::HIF-1alpha is the regulated subunit of the HIF-1 transcription factor, which induces transcription of a number of genes involved in the cellular response to hypoxia. The HIF-1alpha protein is rapidly degraded in cells supplied with adequate oxygen but is stabilized in hypoxic cells. Using polysome profile analysis, we...
journal_title:Molecular biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1091/mbc.02-02-0017
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polypeptides targeted to the yeast endoplasmic reticulum (ER) posttranslationally are thought to be kept in the cytoplasm in an unfolded state by Hsp70 chaperones before translocation. We show here that Escherichia coli beta-lactamase associated with Hsp70, but adopted a native-like conformation before translocation i...
journal_title:Molecular biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1091/mbc.9.4.817
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Five or more orthophosphates bound together by high-energy phosphoanhydride bonds are highly ubiquitous inorganic molecules called polyphosphate. Polyphosphate acts as a signaling molecule eliciting a number of responses in eukaryotic cells, but the mechanisms mediating these effects are poorly understood. Proliferati...
journal_title:Molecular biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1091/mbc.E18-10-0686
更新日期:2019-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Endocytosis modulates EGFR function by compartmentalizing and attenuating or enhancing its ligand-induced signaling. Here we show that it can also control the cell surface versus intracellular distribution of empty/inactive EGFR. Our previous observation that PKA inhibitors induce EGFR internalization prompted us to t...
journal_title:Molecular biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1091/mbc.E10-02-0167
更新日期:2010-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) accessory protein Nef directs virus escape from immune surveillance by subverting host cell intracellular signaling and membrane traffic to down-regulate cell-surface major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I). The interaction of Nef with the sorting proteins PACS-...
journal_title:Molecular biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1091/mbc.E11-11-0928
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Disassembly of the epithelial apical junctional complex (AJC), composed of the tight junction (TJ) and adherens junction (AJ), is important for normal tissue remodeling and pathogen-induced disruption of epithelial barriers. Using a calcium depletion model in T84 epithelial cells, we previously found that disassembly ...
journal_title:Molecular biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1091/mbc.e04-02-0163
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The demand for phenomics, a high-dimensional and high-throughput phenotyping method, has been increasing in many fields of biology. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a unicellular model organism, provides an invaluable system for dissecting complex cellular processes using high-resolution phenotyping. Moreov...
journal_title:Molecular biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1091/mbc.E15-07-0466
更新日期:2015-11-05 00:00:00
abstract::We describe the development and characterization of a system that allows the rapid and specific induction of individual genes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae without changes in nutrients or temperature. The system is based on the chimeric transcriptional activator Gal4dbd.ER.VP16 (GEV). Upon addition of the horm...
journal_title:Molecular biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1091/mbc.E11-05-0466
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The actin cytoskeleton is constantly assembling and disassembling. Cells harness the energy of these turnover dynamics to drive cell motility and organize cytoplasm. Although much is known about how cells control actin polymerization, we do not understand how actin filaments depolymerize inside cells. I briefly descri...
journal_title:Molecular biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1091/mbc.E12-09-0694
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Melanosomes are tissue-specific organelles within which melanin is synthesized and stored. The melanocyte-specific glycoprotein Pmel17 is enriched in the lumen of premelanosomes, where it associates with characteristic striations of unknown composition upon which melanin is deposited. However, Pmel17 is synthesized as...
journal_title:Molecular biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1091/mbc.12.11.3451
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Golgi fragmentation is a common feature in multiple neurodegenerative diseases; however, the precise mechanism that causes fragmentation remains obscure. A potential link between Cdk5 and Golgi fragmentation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) was investigated in this study. Because Golgi is physiologically fragmented during ...
journal_title:Molecular biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1091/mbc.e07-11-1106
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chemoattractants induce neutrophil polarization through localized polymerization of F-actin at the leading edge. The suppression of rear and lateral protrusions is required for efficient chemotaxis and involves the temporal and spatial segregation of signaling molecules. We have previously shown that the intracellular...
journal_title:Molecular biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1091/mbc.e06-09-0876
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The beta 2 integrin lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) mediates activation-dependent adhesion of lymphocytes. To investigate whether lymphocyte-specific elements are essential for LFA-1 function, we expressed LFA-1 in the erythroleukemic cell line K562, which expresses only the integrin very late antigen...
journal_title:Molecular biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1091/mbc.8.4.719
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A cell fraction that would today be termed "the nuclear matrix" was first described and patented in 1948 by Russian investigators. In 1974 this fraction was rediscovered and promoted as a fundamental organizing principle of eukaryotic gene expression. Yet, convincing evidence for this functional role of the nuclear ma...
journal_title:Molecular biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1091/mbc.11.3.799
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) is a ubiquitous serine/threonine phosphatase that regulates many cellular processes, including cell division. When transiently expressed as fluorescent protein (FP) fusions, the three PP1 isoforms, alpha, beta/delta, and gamma1, are active phosphatases with distinct localization patterns. W...
journal_title:Molecular biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1091/mbc.e02-07-0376
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00