Abstract：
:Within the framework of The Heterogeneous dust Evolution Model for Interstellar Solids (THEMIS), this work explores the surface processes and chemistry relating to core/mantle interstellar and cometary grain structures and their influence on the nature of these fascinating particles. It appears that a realistic consideration of the nature and chemical reactivity of interstellar grain surfaces could self-consistently and within a coherent framework explain: the anomalous oxygen depletion, the nature of the CO dark gas, the formation of 'polar ice' mantles, the red wing on the 3 μm water ice band, the basis for the O-rich chemistry observed in hot cores, the origin of organic nano-globules and the 3.2 μm 'carbonyl' absorption band observed in comet reflectance spectra. It is proposed that the reaction of gas phase species with carbonaceous a-C(:H) grain surfaces in the interstellar medium, in particular the incorporation of atomic oxygen into grain surfaces in epoxide functional groups, is the key to explaining these observations. Thus, the chemistry of cosmic dust is much more intimately related with that of the interstellar gas than has previously been considered. The current models for interstellar gas and dust chemistry will therefore most likely need to be fundamentally modified to include these new grain surface processes.
journal_name
R Soc Open Scijournal_title
Royal Society open scienceauthors
Jones APdoi
10.1098/rsos.160224subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-12-14 00:00:00pages
160224issue
12issn
2054-5703pii
rsos160224journal_volume
3pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Many scientists communicate with the public about risks associated with scientific issues, but such communication may have unintended consequences for how the public views the political orientations and the credibility of the communicating scientist. We explore this possibility using an experiment with a nationally re...
journal_title：Royal Society open science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1098/rsos.170505
更新日期：2018-02-21 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper develops a closed-form approximate solution for a penny-shaped hydraulic fracture whose behaviour is determined by an interplay of three competing physical processes that are associated with fluid viscosity, fracture toughness and fluid leak-off. The primary assumption that permits one to construct the solu...
journal_title：Royal Society open science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1098/rsos.160737
更新日期：2016-12-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has long been an essential tool for understanding the structure of materials. Over the past couple of decades, this venerable technique has undergone a number of revolutions, such as the development of aberration correction for atomic level imaging, the realization of cryogenic T...
journal_title：Royal Society open science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1098/rsos.191204
更新日期：2020-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study introduces thermogravimetry with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TG-GC-MS) at four different heating rates to investigate the activation energy and thermal degradation behaviour of walnut shell pyrolysis. The distributed activation energy model (DAEM) was applied to investigate the activation e...
journal_title：Royal Society open science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1098/rsos.180331
更新日期：2018-09-12 00:00:00
abstract：:A novel alkyl lithium-based initiator with relatively large steric hindrance, tert-butyldimethylsiloxydimethylpropyl lithium (TBDMSODPrLi), was designed and synthesized. By using TBDMSODPrLi, hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) was prepared via anionic polymerization. The macromolecular structure of HTPB was char...
journal_title：Royal Society open science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1098/rsos.180156
更新日期：2018-05-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Selection among alternative theoretical models given an observed dataset is an important challenge in many areas of physics and astronomy. Reversible-jump Markov chain Monte Carlo (RJMCMC) is an extremely powerful technique for performing Bayesian model selection, but it suffers from a fundamental difficulty and it re...
journal_title：Royal Society open science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1098/rsos.150030
更新日期：2015-06-24 00:00:00
abstract：:Enzyme immobilization is one of the most important techniques for industrial applications. It makes the immobilized enzyme more stable and advantageous than the free form in different aspects. α-Amylase was immobilized on 4% cyanuric chloride-activated amidoximated acrylic fabric at pH 7.0 with (79%) maximum efficienc...
journal_title：Royal Society open science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1098/rsos.172164
更新日期：2018-11-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Discs of gas and dust around million-year-old stars are a by-product of the star formation process and provide the raw material to form planets. Hence, their evolution and dispersal directly impact what type of planets can form and affect the final architecture of planetary systems. Here, we review empirical constrain...
journal_title：Royal Society open science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1098/rsos.170114
更新日期：2017-04-26 00:00:00
abstract：:Butterfly eyespots are known to function in predator deflection and predator intimidation, but it is still unclear what factors cause eyespots to serve one function over the other. Both functions have been demonstrated in different species that varied in eyespot size, eyespot number and wing size, leaving the contribu...
journal_title：Royal Society open science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1098/rsos.150614
更新日期：2016-01-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Helical organic micro- and nanostructures are formed by a charge-transfer complex, cinchonidine-TCNQ. These unusual forms result from the chirality, the steric structure and specific interactions of cinchonidine molecules. These materials are semiconductors (10-4 S cm-1), with the typical absorption spectra in IR and ...
journal_title：Royal Society open science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1098/rsos.171499
更新日期：2018-03-14 00:00:00
abstract：:The evolution of multicellularity was a major transition in evolution and set the stage for unprecedented increases in complexity, especially in land plants and animals. Here, we explore the genetics underlying a de novo origin of multicellularity in a microbial evolution experiment carried out on the green alga Chlam...
journal_title：Royal Society open science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1098/rsos.180912
更新日期：2018-08-29 00:00:00
abstract：:Although high status is often considered a desirable quality, this may not always be the case. Different factors may moderate the value of high status along a dimension such as wealth (e.g. gender, perceiver income/education). For example, studies suggest men may value wealth and control over resources more than women...
journal_title：Royal Society open science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1098/rsos.191232
更新日期：2020-08-26 00:00:00
abstract：:This multi-wave study examined the extent that both preference and motivation for time alone shapes ill-being during self-isolation. Individuals in the USA and the UK are self-isolating in response to the COVID-19 outbreak. Different motivations may drive their self-isolation: some might see value in it (understood as...
journal_title：Royal Society open science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1098/rsos.200458
更新日期：2020-05-13 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study, photocatalytic experiments of 20 mg l-1 sulfamethazine (SMN) in aqueous solution containing ZnO with different morphologies, tetra-needle-like ZnO (T-ZnO), flower-like ZnO (F-ZnO) and nanoparticles ZnO (P-ZnO), were performed. The results indicated that photocatalytic degradation of SMN was effective an...
journal_title：Royal Society open science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1098/rsos.171457
更新日期：2018-04-11 00:00:00
abstract：:Sexual signals often compromise camouflage because of their conspicuousness. Pigmentation patterns, on the contrary, aid in camouflage. It was hypothesized that a particular type of pattern-barred plumage in birds, whereby pigmented bars extend across feathers-could simultaneously signal individual quality, because di...
journal_title：Royal Society open science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1098/rsos.160195
更新日期：2016-05-04 00:00:00
abstract：:In the name of meritocracy, modern economies devote increasing amounts of resources to quantifying and ranking the performance of individuals and organizations. Rankings send out powerful signals, which lead to identifying the actions of top performers as the 'best practices' that others should also adopt. However, se...
journal_title：Royal Society open science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1098/rsos.191255
更新日期：2019-11-06 00:00:00
abstract：:Pseudohyphal growth of the dimorphic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is analysed using two-dimensional top-down binary images. The colony morphology is characterized using clustered shape primitives (CSPs), which are learned automatically from the data and thus do not require a list of predefined features or a priori k...
journal_title：Royal Society open science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1098/rsos.180820
更新日期：2018-10-17 00:00:00
abstract：:[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1098/rsos.191444.]. ...
journal_title：Royal Society open science
pub_type： 已发布勘误
doi：10.1098/rsos.192176
更新日期：2020-01-22 00:00:00
abstract：:Under the current amphibian biodiversity crisis, common species provide an opportunity to measure population dynamics across a wide range of environmental conditions while examining the processes that determine abundance and structure geographical ranges. Studying species at their range limits also provides a window f...
journal_title：Royal Society open science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1098/rsos.182192
更新日期：2019-06-12 00:00:00
abstract：:We show that the spin-wave spectrum in an elliptical helix has a band character. The size of the first band gap calculated using the perturbation theory is shown to scale as square root of the eccentricity. Curved magnonic waveguides of the kind considered here could be used as structural elements of future three-dime...
journal_title：Royal Society open science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1098/rsos.172285
更新日期：2018-01-31 00:00:00
abstract：:The Coral Triangle is widely considered the most important centre of marine biodiversity in Asia while areas on its periphery such as the South China Sea, have received much less interest. Here, we demonstrate that a small population of the knobbly sea star Protoreaster nodosus in Singapore has similarly high levels o...
journal_title：Royal Society open science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1098/rsos.160253
更新日期：2016-08-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Multituberculate mammals thrived during the Mesozoic, but their diversity declined from the mid-late Paleocene onwards, becoming extinct in the late Eocene. The radiation of superficially similar, eutherian rodents has been linked to multituberculate extinction through competitive exclusion. However, characteristics p...
journal_title：Royal Society open science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1098/rsos.181536
更新日期：2019-03-27 00:00:00
abstract：:A novel reference film was characterized to improve the oxygen gas transmission measurement accuracy of plastic materials for pharmaceutical packaging. The material processing, homogeneity, stability, jointly determined value and uncertainty evaluation were discussed. The film is the first reference film characterized...
journal_title：Royal Society open science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1098/rsos.190142
更新日期：2019-04-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Humans subtly synchronize body movement during face-to-face conversation. In this context, bodily synchrony has been linked to affiliation and social bonding, task success and comprehension, and potential conflict. Almost all studies of conversational synchrony involve dyads, and relatively less is known about the str...
journal_title：Royal Society open science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1098/rsos.200095
更新日期：2020-09-16 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study, we investigated the extent to which adolescents who spend time playing violent video games exhibit higher levels of aggressive behaviour when compared with those who do not. A large sample of British adolescent participants (n = 1004) aged 14 and 15 years and an equal number of their carers were intervi...
journal_title：Royal Society open science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1098/rsos.171474
更新日期：2019-02-13 00:00:00
abstract：:[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1098/rsos.181356.]. ...
journal_title：Royal Society open science
pub_type： 杂志文章,已发布勘误
doi：10.1098/rsos.181855
更新日期：2018-11-28 00:00:00
abstract：:The advent of geolocated information and communication technologies opens the possibility of exploring how people use space in cities, bringing an important new tool for urban scientists and planners, especially for regions where data are scarce or not available. Here we apply a functional network approach to determin...
journal_title：Royal Society open science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1098/rsos.150449
更新日期：2015-12-02 00:00:00
abstract：:Strategic microhabitat selection allows animals in seasonally cold environments to reduce homeostatic energy costs, particularly overnight when thermoregulatory demands are greatest. Suitable sleeping areas may therefore represent important resources for winter survival. Knowledge of microhabitat use and potential imp...
journal_title：Royal Society open science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1098/rsos.181113
更新日期：2018-12-05 00:00:00
abstract：:The evolution of wing pattern in Lepidoptera is a popular area of inquiry but few studies have examined microlepidoptera, with fewer still focusing on intraspecific variation. The tineid genus Moerarchis Durrant, 1914 includes two species with high intraspecific variation of wing pattern. A subset of the specimens exa...
journal_title：Royal Society open science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1098/rsos.161002
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Biomedical device-associated infection (BAI) and lack of osseointegration are the main causes of implant failure. Therefore, it is imperative for implants not only to depress microbial activity and biofilm colonization but also to prompt osteoblast functions and osseointegration. As part of the coating development for...
journal_title：Royal Society open science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1098/rsos.172310
更新日期：2018-04-11 00:00:00
