Abstract:
:This multi-wave study examined the extent that both preference and motivation for time alone shapes ill-being during self-isolation. Individuals in the USA and the UK are self-isolating in response to the COVID-19 outbreak. Different motivations may drive their self-isolation: some might see value in it (understood as the identified form of autonomous motivation), while others might feel forced into it by authorities or close others (family, friends, neighbourhoods, doctors; the external form of controlled motivation). People who typically prefer company will find themselves spending more time alone, and may experience ill-being uniformly, or as a function of their identified or external motivations for self-isolation. Self-isolation, therefore, offers a unique opportunity to distinguish two constructs coming from disparate literatures. This project examined preference and motivation (identified and external) for solitude, and tested their independent and interacting contributions to ill-being (loneliness, depression and anxiety during the time spent alone) across two weeks. Confirmatory hypotheses regarding preference and motivation were not supported by the data. A statistically significant effect of controlled motivation on change in ill-being was observed one week later, and preference predicted ill-being across two weeks. However, effect sizes for both were below our minimum threshold of interest.
journal_name
R Soc Open Scijournal_title
Royal Society open scienceauthors
Weinstein N,Nguyen TVdoi
10.1098/rsos.200458subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-05-13 00:00:00pages
200458issue
5issn
2054-5703pii
rsos200458journal_volume
7pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Bacterial gene expression regulation occurs mostly during transcription, which has two main rate-limiting steps: the close complex formation, when the RNA polymerase binds to an active promoter, and the subsequent open complex formation, after which it follows elongation. Tuning these steps' kinetics by the action of ...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.181170
更新日期:2018-11-28 00:00:00
abstract::Many drum communication systems around the world transmit information by emulating tonal and rhythmic patterns of spoken languages in sequences of drumbeats. Their rhythmic characteristics, in particular, have not been systematically studied so far, although understanding them represents a rare occasion for providing ...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.170354
更新日期:2018-04-25 00:00:00
abstract::Ants build complex nest structures by reacting to simple, local stimuli. While underground nests result from the space generated by digging, some leaf- and grass-cutting ants also construct conspicuous aboveground turrets around nest openings. We investigated whether the selection of specific building materials occurs...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.201312
更新日期:2020-10-14 00:00:00
abstract::This investigation establishes a system of gold nanoparticles that show good colloidal stability as an X-ray computed tomography (XCT) contrast agent under soil conditions. Gold nanoparticles offer numerous beneficial traits for experiments in biology including: comparatively minimal phytotoxicity, X-ray attenuation o...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.190769
更新日期:2019-10-16 00:00:00
abstract::The Sirius Passet Lagerstätte of North Greenland contains the first exceptionally preserved mat-ground community of the Cambrian, dominated, in terms of abundance, by trilobites but particularly characterized by iconic arthropods and lobopods, some also occurring in the Burgess shale. High-resolution photography, scan...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.160420
更新日期:2016-11-16 00:00:00
abstract::Bacterial communities are often highly diverse with several closely related species (or strains) coexisting together. These bacteria compete for resources and the competitive exclusion principle predicts that all but the fastest-growing bacteria will go extinct. When exposed to phage, it is predicted that bacterial st...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.201118
更新日期:2020-09-16 00:00:00
abstract::Detailed examinations of both the movement and muscle activation patterns used by animals and humans to complete complex tasks are difficult to obtain in many environments. Therefore, the ability to infer movement and muscle activation patterns after capture of a single set of easily obtained data is highly sought aft...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.192093
更新日期:2020-08-26 00:00:00
abstract::Like most ectothermic vertebrates, keelback snakes (Tropidonophis mairii) do not exhibit parental care. Thus, offspring must possess an immune system capable of dealing with challenges such as pathogens, without assistance from an attendant parent. We know very little about immune system characteristics of neonatal re...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.160041
更新日期:2016-03-16 00:00:00
abstract::Much of the immense present day biological diversity of Neotropical rainforests originated from the Miocene onwards, a period of geological and ecological upheaval in South America. We assess the impact of the Andean orogeny, drainage of Lake Pebas and closure of the Panama isthmus on two clades of tropical trees (Cre...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.171561
更新日期:2018-01-31 00:00:00
abstract::Optimal switching of traffic lights on a network of junctions is a computationally intractable problem. In this research, road traffic networks containing signallized junctions are simulated. A computer game interface is used to enable a human 'player' to control the traffic light settings on the junctions within the ...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.140211
更新日期:2014-12-24 00:00:00
abstract::Invasive species pose a serious threat to native species. In Europe, invasive grey squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) have replaced native red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) in locations across Britain, Ireland and Italy. The European pine marten (Martes martes) can reverse the replacement of red squirrels by grey squirre...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.191841
更新日期:2020-02-26 00:00:00
abstract::[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1098/rsos.150635.]. ...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 已发布勘误
doi:10.1098/rsos.201430
更新日期:2020-11-11 00:00:00
abstract::The rapid rise of the CO2 level in the atmosphere has spurred the development of CO2 capture methods such as the use of biomimetic complexes that mimic carbonic anhydrase. In this study, model complexes with tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (TPA) were synthesized using various transition metals (Zn2+, Cu2+ and Ni2+) to cont...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.190407
更新日期:2019-08-07 00:00:00
abstract::The copper-containing nitrite reductases (CuNIRs) are a class of enzymes that mediate the reduction of nitrite to nitric oxide in biological systems. Metal-ligand complexes that reproduce the salient features of the active site of CuNIRs are therefore of fundamental interest, both for elucidating the possible mode of ...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.170593
更新日期:2017-08-16 00:00:00
abstract::Robust imaging techniques for tracking insects have been essential tools in numerous laboratory and field studies on pests, beneficial insects and model systems. Recent innovations in optical imaging systems and associated signal processing have enabled detailed characterization of nocturnal mosquito behaviour around ...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.191951
更新日期:2020-05-13 00:00:00
abstract::Animals living in complex environments experience differing risks of predation depending upon their location within the landscape. An animal could reduce the risk it experiences by remaining in a refuge site, but it may need to emerge from its refuge and enter more dangerous sites for feeding and other activities. Her...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.160910
更新日期:2017-01-11 00:00:00
abstract::Volatile essential oils (EOs), non-volatile rutin (RU), quercetin (QU), kaempferol (KA) and isorhamnetin (IS) were effectively extracted and isolated from seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) leaves by ionic liquid-based ultrasound/microwave-assisted simultaneous distillation extraction (ILUMASDE). After optimizatio...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.180133
更新日期:2018-07-18 00:00:00
abstract::We study the relationship between vocabulary size and text length in a corpus of 75 literary works in English, authored by six writers, distinguishing between the contributions of three grammatical classes (or 'tags,' namely, nouns, verbs and others), and analyse the progressive appearance of new words of each tag alo...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.200008
更新日期:2020-03-18 00:00:00
abstract::Numerous studies have reported impairments in perception and recognition, and, particularly, in part-integration of faces following picture-plane inversion. Whether these findings support the notion that inversion changes face processing qualitatively remains a topic of debate. To examine whether associations and diss...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.181350
更新日期:2019-01-09 00:00:00
abstract::Pseudohyphal growth of the dimorphic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is analysed using two-dimensional top-down binary images. The colony morphology is characterized using clustered shape primitives (CSPs), which are learned automatically from the data and thus do not require a list of predefined features or a priori k...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.180820
更新日期:2018-10-17 00:00:00
abstract::Marine mammals and diving birds face several physiological challenges under water, affecting their thermoregulation and locomotion as well as their sensory systems. Therefore, marine mammals have modified ears for improved underwater hearing. Underwater hearing in birds has been studied in a few species, but for the r...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.191988
更新日期:2020-02-26 00:00:00
abstract::Online evolution of behavioural control on real robots is an open-ended approach to autonomous learning and adaptation: robots have the potential to automatically learn new tasks and to adapt to changes in environmental conditions, or to failures in sensors and/or actuators. However, studies have so far almost exclusi...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.160938
更新日期:2017-07-26 00:00:00
abstract::Gold nanoparticles provide a user-friendly and efficient surface for immobilization of enzymes and proteins. In this paper, we present a novel approach for enzyme bioconjugation to gold nanostars (AuNSs). AuNSs were modified with l-cysteine (Cys) and covalently bound to N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide (sulfo-NHS) activated ...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.190205
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patient-specific modelling of haemodynamics in arterial networks has so far relied on parameter estimation for inexpensive or small-scale models. We describe here a Bayesian uncertainty quantification framework which makes two major advances: an efficient parallel implementation, allowing parameter estimation for more...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.182229
更新日期:2019-10-16 00:00:00
abstract::The constraint release (CR) mechanism has important effects on polymer relaxation and the chains will show different relaxation behaviour in conditions of monodisperse, bidisperse and other topological environments. By comparing relaxation data of linear polyisoprene (PI) chains dissolved in very long matrix and monod...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.191046
更新日期:2020-03-18 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction (SALLE) as a simple and efficient extraction technique followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed for the determination of vitamin D3 in milk samples. The sample treatment is based on the use of water-miscible acetonitrile as the ...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.190952
更新日期:2019-08-21 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, we investigated the extent to which adolescents who spend time playing violent video games exhibit higher levels of aggressive behaviour when compared with those who do not. A large sample of British adolescent participants (n = 1004) aged 14 and 15 years and an equal number of their carers were intervi...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.171474
更新日期:2019-02-13 00:00:00
abstract::Animals are predicted to selectively observe and learn from the conspecifics with whom they share social connections. Yet, hardly anything is known about the role of different connections in observation and learning. To address the relationships between social connections, observation and learning, we investigated tra...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.160256
更新日期:2016-07-13 00:00:00
abstract::Rhythm is an essential component of human speech and music but very little is known about its evolutionary origin and its distribution in animal vocalizations. We found a regular rhythm in three multisyllabic vocalization types (echolocation call sequences, male territorial songs and pup isolation calls) of the neotro...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.181076
更新日期:2019-01-02 00:00:00
abstract::A recent study reported on a tuberculosis (TB) outbreak in a largely Inuit village. Among newly infected individuals, exposure to additional active cases was associated with an increasing probability of developing active disease within a year. Using binomial risk models, we evaluated two potential mechanisms by which ...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.180999
更新日期:2019-03-20 00:00:00