Abstract：
:Cetaceans face the challenge of maintaining equilibrium underwater and obtaining sensory input within a dense, low-visibility medium. The cetacean ear represents a key innovation that marked their evolution from terrestrial artiodactyls to among the most fully aquatic mammals in existence. Using micro-CT and histological data, we document shape and size changes in the cetacean inner ear during ontogeny, and demonstrate that, as a proportion of gestation time, the cetacean inner ear is precocial in its growth compared with that of suid artiodactyls. Cetacean inner ears begin ossifying and reach near-adult shape as early as at 32% of the gestation period, and near-adult dimensions as early as at 27% newborn total length. Our earliest embryos with measurable inner ears (13% newborn length) exhibit a flattened cochlea (i.e. smaller distance from cochlear apex to round window) compared with later and adult stages. Inner ears of Sus scrofa have neither begun ossifying nor reached near-adult dimensions at 55% of the gestation period, but have an adult-like ratio of cochlear diameters to each other, suggesting an adult-like shape. The precocial development of the cetacean inner ear complements previous work demonstrating precocial development of other cetacean anatomical features such as the locomotor muscles to facilitate swimming at the moment of birth.
journal_name
J Anatjournal_title
Journal of anatomyauthors
Thean T,Kardjilov N,Asher RJdoi
10.1111/joa.12548subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-02-01 00:00:00pages
249-261issue
2eissn
0021-8782issn
1469-7580journal_volume
230pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The zebrafish is as an important vertebrate animal model system for studying developmental processes, gene functions and signalling pathways. It is also used as a model system for the understanding of human developmental diseases including those related to the skeleton. However, surprisingly little is known about norm...
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