Abstract：
:Microtubules are essential for the development and maintenance of axons and dendrites throughout the life of the neuron, and are vulnerable to degradation and disorganization in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. Microtubules, polymers of tubulin heterodimers, are intrinsically polar structures with a plus end favored for assembly and disassembly and a minus end less favored for these dynamics. In the axon, microtubules are nearly uniformly oriented with plus ends out, whereas in dendrites, microtubules have mixed orientations. Microtubules in developing neurons typically have a stable domain toward the minus end and a labile domain toward the plus end. This domain structure becomes more complex during neuronal maturation when especially stable patches of polyaminated tubulin become more prominent within the microtubule. Microtubules are the substrates for molecular motor proteins that transport cargoes toward the plus or minus end of the microtubule, with motor-driven forces also responsible for organizing microtubules into their distinctive polarity patterns in axons and dendrites. A vast array of microtubule-regulatory proteins impart direct and indirect changes upon the microtubule arrays of the neuron, and these include microtubule-severing proteins as well as proteins responsible for the stability properties of the microtubules. During neurodegenerative diseases, microtubule mass is commonly diminished, and the potential exists for corruption of the microtubule polarity patterns and microtubule-mediated transport. These ill effects may be a primary causative factor in the disease or may be secondary effects, but regardless, therapeutics capable of correcting these microtubule abnormalities have great potential to improve the status of the degenerating nervous system.
journal_name
Brain Res Bulljournal_title
Brain research bulletinauthors
Matamoros AJ,Baas PWdoi
10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.06.016subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-09-01 00:00:00pages
217-225issue
Pt 3eissn
0361-9230issn
1873-2747pii
S0361-9230(16)30140-Xjournal_volume
126pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Stimulus-specific neuronal responses in the central auditory pathway of Psammomys obesus were studied with deoxyglucose autoradiography. Responses were revealed mainly in the inferior colliculus. With whole head sectioning and subsequent gentle freeze-drying, excellent structural preservation was achieved. With the us...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(84)90061-3
更新日期：1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Progressive disruption of both the neuroendocrine and immune systems has been correlated with age-associated pathogenesis in patients with Alzheimer's disease and in mice lacking apolipoprotein E (ApoE). In this study, we examined neuroautoimmune and neuroendocrine activities in relation to aging and stress in ApoE-de...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0361-9230(99)00052-0
更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been suggested that the stimulation of the secretion of PRL by the alpha 2 adrenergic receptor antagonists (yohimbine, piperoxane) results from blockade of an inhibitory influence imposed on PRL release by the central alpha 2 receptors (7, 15). Our present results do not support these conclusions for the follow...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(89)90184-6
更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The periventricular tissue surrounding the anteroventral third ventricle (AV3V) is critically involved in the maintenance of normal body fluid balance and distribution. The present review examines the anatomical, neurochemical, and functional relationship of the AV3V with neural systems subserving body fluid homeostas...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(85)90209-6
更新日期：1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The unique noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant mirtazapine acts antinociceptive. It is optically active and currently marketed as racemate. In an animal model of acute pain it has been shown that the enantiomers exhibit differential effects: the R(-)-enantiomer showed anti-, the S(+)-enantiomer pron...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2008.12.015
更新日期：2009-04-06 00:00:00
abstract：:Rearing preweanling rat pups away from their mothers by feeding through chronic intragastric cannulas has been shown to result in alterations in the growth of specific organs. In the present study, artificially reared (AR) rats and their normally reared (NR) siblings were sacrificed at various ages during this procedu...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(83)90006-0
更新日期：1983-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Developmental malformations of cortex have been shown to co-occur with language, learning, and other cognitive deficits in humans. Rodent models have repeatedly shown that animals with such developmental malformations have deficits related to auditory processing and learning. More specifically, freeze-lesion induced m...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2006.11.005
更新日期：2007-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The distribution of substance P-containing fibers in the cerebral cortex and the hippocampal formation of the Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata fuscata) was studied by immunohistochemistry using a monoclonal antibody raised against substance P. The results were compared with the distribution in homologous regions of the...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(89)90057-9
更新日期：1989-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study was performed to elucidate the mechanism by which adenosine triphosphate (ATP) encapsulated into liposomes was able to protect against experimental brain ischemia in the rat. After intracarotidal administration of liposomally entrapped ATP, the ATP blood level increased dramatically whereas no change was ob...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(91)90004-4
更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study, we compared the depression-like symptoms induced by olfactory bulbectomy (OBX) in the two inbred Wistar and Long Evans rat strains. We also analyzed the self-regulated oral intake of nicotine in these strains and the effect of nicotine on the depression-like symptoms of olfactory bulbectomy. Furthermore...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2008.05.007
更新日期：2008-09-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuropathic pain (NP) is a challenge due to our limited understanding of the mechanisms that initiate and maintain chronic pain. The prelimbic division (PrL) of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is an important area of the emotional and cognitive components of pain and pharmacological systems can interact into the n...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.09.013
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Following main olfactory bulb (MOB) stimulation at frequencies of 0.1-0.3 Hz, in addition to early field potentials, a frequency-sensitive, surface negative late N2 wave (latency range: 63-96 msec) followed occasionally by a late N3 transient, was evoked in the piriform cortex and endopiriform nucleus of the rat. The ...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(88)90133-5
更新日期：1988-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have studied the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the acute and chronic effects of opiate on neurons of the rat locus coeruleus (LC). Acutely, opiates inhibit LC neurons by activating K+ channels and inhibiting a novel sodium-dependent inward current. Both of these actions are mediated via pertussis tox...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(94)90166-x
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The dynamics of hypothalamic arginine vasopressin (AVP) release was examined during the development of hypertension in rats with deoxycorticosterone (DOCA)-NaCL induced hypertension. Experiments were performed in four groups of uninephrectomized Sprague-Dawley rats 3, 7, 14 and 21 days after treatment with: (I) DOCA a...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(86)90016-x
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The expression of dopamine by primary sensory neurons and their peripheral projections was studied in the chick dorsal root ganglion by means of immunocytochemical procedures. Within the sensory neurons, dopamine immunoreactivity is first expressed by 0.8% of cells at E10 and reaches a percentage of 5.6% before hatchi...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(93)90248-a
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cultures of endothelial cells (EC) derived from human (autopsy) and canine brain microvessels were characterized with respect to growth, morphology, and biochemical features. The endothelial nature of these cells was confirmed by analyses of angiotensin-converting enzyme activity, Factor VIII-related antigen, and ultr...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(88)90047-0
更新日期：1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Due to its poor prognosis, there is a major negative impact on the patients and their family's life quality. However, despite the severity of this pathology tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is the only FDA approved treatment for ischemic strok...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.07.015
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neonatal post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus is associated with cognitive decline and a serious deterioration in the patient's quality of life. The underlying impairments to neurons are not well understood. Here, we used the method described by Cherian et al. to construct a model of hydrocephalus after intra-ventricular he...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2010.06.009
更新日期：2010-08-30 00:00:00
abstract：:This work is the second of a series of papers in which we investigated the neurophysiological basis of deep brain stimulation (DBS) clinical efficacy using post-operative local field potential (LFP) recordings from DBS electrodes implanted in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in patients with Parkinson's disease. We found...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2006.08.015
更新日期：2006-12-11 00:00:00
abstract：:All the opiate-like peptides we tested (Met-enkephalin, (D-Ala2)-Met-enkephalin-NH2, beta-endorphin, (D-Ala2)-beta-endorphin, (D-Ala2)-alpha-endorphin, (D-Ala2)-gamma-endorphin) were capable of reducing distress vocalizations (DV's) in socially-isolated chicks when injected into the vicinity of the fourth ventricle in...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(78)90014-x
更新日期：1978-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A simple, inexpensive hardware and software protocol is described for conditioning and testing hearing of gerbils with minimal experimenter involvement. Behavioral thresholds correspond closely with data which employ nonautomated procedures. Partial source listings of the programs written in the 'C' programming langua...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(89)90075-0
更新日期：1989-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The most severe manifestation of Herpes Simplex Type 1 virus (HSV-1) infection is encephalitis characterized by arousal impairment and seizures that can evolve to coma and death. Previous studies reported the involvement of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins, specifically SOCS1 and SOCS3, in HSV-1 infect...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.09.011
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic swimming training and phytotherapeutic supplementation are assumed to alleviate oxidative damage, and support cell survival in the brain. The effect of forced, chronic swimming training, and enriched lab chow containing 1% (w/w) dried nettle (Urtica dioica) leaf were investigated for oxidative stress, inflamma...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.02.028
更新日期：2005-05-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Three models of inducing spinal trauma in experimental animals--weight-dropping model, severance-by-knife model, and laceration-type-lesions model--are reviewed critically. Contributions by these models in understanding paraplegia in anatomical and pathological terms are brought out. Important distinctions between sub...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(89)90123-8
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Increases in expression of α4βδ GABAA receptors (GABARs), triggered by fluctuations in the neurosteroid THP (3α-OH-5α[β]-pregnan-20-one), are associated with changes in mood and cognition. We tested whether α4βδ trafficking and surface expression would be altered by in vitro exposure to flumazenil, a benzodiazepine li...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2015.11.015
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intractable scratching is the characteristic of chronic itch, which represents a great challenge in clinical practice. However, the mechanism underlying chronic itch development is largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated the role of NMDA receptor in acute itch and in development of chronic itch. A mouse...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.02.011
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Every year, a large number of infants and young children worldwide are administered general anesthesia. Whether general anesthesia adversely affects the intellectual development and cognitive function of children at a later date remains controversial. Many animal experiments have shown that general anesthetics can cau...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.08.003
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Early developmental abnormalities affecting mesocortical dopamine (DA) neurons may result in later functional deficits that play a role in the emergence of psychiatric illness in adolescence/early adulthood. Little is known about the functional maturation of these neurons under either normal or abnormal conditions. In...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2009.01.012
更新日期：2009-04-29 00:00:00
abstract：:Effects of acute exposure (2 hr) to either 1.5% halothane or 0.5% methoxyflurane were investigated in the Sprague Dawley rat. Pituitary (PIT) and central nervous system (CNS) substance P (SP)-like and beta-endorphin (beta-end)-like immunoreactivities were evaluated immediately after anesthetic exposure (2 h), after ri...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0361-9230(97)00436-x
更新日期：1998-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The biochemical balance between right- and left-ascending DA systems is an essential factor to regulate behavioral lateralization. However, there is no electrophysiological evidence for the regulation of interhemispheric DA systems. In the present paper we report electrophysiological evidence supporting the hypothesis...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(91)90070-z
更新日期：1991-08-01 00:00:00
