Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Coordination of synthesis and assembly of the polymeric components of cell walls is essential for plant growth and development. Given the degree of co-mingling and cross-linking among cell wall components, cellulose organization must be dependent on the organization of other polymers such as lignin. Here we seek to identify aspects of that codependency by studying the structural organization of cellulose fibrils in stems from Arabidopsis plants harboring mutations in genes encoding enzymes involved in lignin biosynthesis. Plants containing high levels of G-lignin, S-lignin, H-lignin, aldehyde-rich lignin, and ferulic acid-containing lignin, along with plants with very low lignin content were grown and harvested and longitudinal sections of stem were prepared and dried. Scanning X-ray microdiffraction was carried out using a 5-micron beam that moved across the sections in 5-micron steps and complete diffraction patterns were collected at each raster point. Approximately, 16,000 diffraction patterns were analyzed to determine cellulose fibril orientation and order within the tissues making up the stems. RESULTS:Several mutations-most notably those exhibiting (1) down-regulation of cinnamoyl CoA reductase which leads to cell walls deficient in lignin and (2) defect of cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase which greatly reduces lignin content-exhibited significant decrease in the proportion of oriented cellulose fibrils in the cell wall. Distinctions between tissues were maintained in all variants and even in plants exhibiting dramatic changes in cellulosic order the trends between tissues (where apparent) were generally maintained. The resilience of cellulose to degradative processes was investigated by carrying out the same analysis on samples stored in water for 30 days prior to data collection. This treatment led to significant loss of cellulosic order in plants rich in aldehyde or H-lignin, less change in wild type, and essentially no change in samples with high levels of G- or S-lignin. CONCLUSIONS:These studies demonstrate that changes in lignin biosynthesis lead to significant disruption in the orientation and order of cellulose fibrils in all tissues of the stem. These dramatic phenotypic changes, in mutants with lignin rich in aldehyde or H-units, correlate with the impact the mutations have on the enzymatic degradation of the plant cell wall.
journal_name
Biotechnol Biofuelsjournal_title
Biotechnology for biofuelsauthors
Liu J,Kim JI,Cusumano JC,Chapple C,Venugopalan N,Fischetti RF,Makowski Ldoi
10.1186/s13068-016-0540-zsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-06-17 00:00:00pages
126issn
1754-6834pii
540journal_volume
9pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Molasses is a dense and saline by-product of the sugar agroindustry. Its high organic content potentially fuels a myriad of renewable products of industrial interest. However, the biotechnological exploitation of molasses is mainly hampered by the high concentration of salts, an issue that is nowadays tackle...
journal_title:Biotechnology for biofuels
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13068-017-0701-8
更新日期:2017-01-31 00:00:00
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journal_title:Biotechnology for biofuels
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1754-6834-5-6
更新日期:2012-02-13 00:00:00
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journal_title:Biotechnology for biofuels
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1754-6834-5-79
更新日期:2012-10-26 00:00:00
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journal_title:Biotechnology for biofuels
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13068-018-1112-1
更新日期:2018-04-16 00:00:00
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journal_title:Biotechnology for biofuels
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13068-016-0434-0
更新日期:2016-01-26 00:00:00
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journal_title:Biotechnology for biofuels
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13068-016-0488-z
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journal_title:Biotechnology for biofuels
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2019-03-22 00:00:00
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journal_title:Biotechnology for biofuels
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13068-016-0633-8
更新日期:2016-10-18 00:00:00
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journal_title:Biotechnology for biofuels
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Biotechnology for biofuels
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1754-6834-3-1
更新日期:2010-01-04 00:00:00
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journal_title:Biotechnology for biofuels
pub_type: 社论
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journal_title:Biotechnology for biofuels
pub_type: 杂志文章,已发布勘误
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更新日期:2018-07-03 00:00:00
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journal_title:Biotechnology for biofuels
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13068-017-0857-2
更新日期:2017-07-04 00:00:00
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journal_title:Biotechnology for biofuels
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13068-019-1643-0
更新日期:2020-01-11 00:00:00
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journal_title:Biotechnology for biofuels
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1754-6834-7-56
更新日期:2014-04-09 00:00:00
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journal_title:Biotechnology for biofuels
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13068-016-0673-0
更新日期:2016-11-25 00:00:00
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journal_title:Biotechnology for biofuels
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13068-015-0211-5
更新日期:2015-02-19 00:00:00
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journal_title:Biotechnology for biofuels
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/s13068-019-1376-0
更新日期:2019-02-15 00:00:00
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journal_title:Biotechnology for biofuels
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13068-015-0240-0
更新日期:2015-03-26 00:00:00
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journal_title:Biotechnology for biofuels
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13068-018-1140-x
更新日期:2018-05-12 00:00:00
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journal_title:Biotechnology for biofuels
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13068-017-0757-5
更新日期:2017-03-29 00:00:00
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journal_title:Biotechnology for biofuels
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1754-6834-6-54
更新日期:2013-04-16 00:00:00
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journal_title:Biotechnology for biofuels
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13068-016-0534-x
更新日期:2016-06-07 00:00:00
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journal_title:Biotechnology for biofuels
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1754-6834-6-7
更新日期:2013-01-25 00:00:00
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journal_title:Biotechnology for biofuels
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13068-018-1177-x
更新日期:2018-06-25 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Lignocellulosic materials are abundant and among the most important potential sources for bioethanol production. Although the pretreatment of lignocellulose is necessary for efficient saccharification and fermentation, numerous by-products, including furan derivatives, weak acids, and phenolic compounds, are...
journal_title:Biotechnology for biofuels
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1754-6834-1-3
更新日期:2008-04-15 00:00:00
abstract:Background:l-Fucose is a rare sugar with potential uses in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. The enzymatic approach using l-fucose isomerase, which interconverts l-fucose and l-fuculose, can be an efficient way of producing l-fucose for industrial applications. Here, we performed biochemical and struct...
journal_title:Biotechnology for biofuels
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13068-019-1619-0
更新日期:2019-12-05 00:00:00
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journal_title:Biotechnology for biofuels
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13068-014-0172-0
更新日期:2014-12-24 00:00:00
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journal_title:Biotechnology for biofuels
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/s13068-019-1571-z
更新日期:2019-10-08 00:00:00
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journal_title:Biotechnology for biofuels
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13068-014-0190-y
更新日期:2015-01-22 00:00:00