Abstract：
:The purpose of this investigation was to assess whether pre-race dietary and non-dietary factors were associated with gastrointestinal (GI) distress during the cycle and run of a 70.3-mile triathlon. Fifty three participants recorded dietary details the day before and morning of the triathlon and retrospectively reported GI symptoms from the cycle and run. Occurrence and severity of nausea, regurgitation and fullness were combined into an upper GI (UGI) category, while lower abdominal cramps, flatulence and urge to defecate were combined into a lower GI (LGI) category. Spearman's rho coefficients were used to examine whether UGI and LGI were associated with: (1) pre-race diet (kilocalories, carbohydrate, fibre, fat, protein, caffeine); and (2) non-dietary factors (age, body mass index, experience, weight change, GI distress history, finishing time). Of non-dietary factors, only a history of GI distress showed significant associations with GI symptoms during the triathlon (ρ = .32-.36; P < .05). Morning kilocalorie (ρ = .28, P = .04) and carbohydrate (ρ = .36, P < .01) intakes were modestly, positively associated with UGI during the cycle, while morning caffeine intake (ρ = .30, P = .03) showed a modest positive association with LGI during the run. The associations between diet and GI distress variables remained significant after adjusting for non-dietary factors. Competitors of 70.3-mile triathlons should carefully weigh the benefits of higher race-morning energy, carbohydrate and caffeine intakes against their potential to increase GI distress.
journal_name
Eur J Sport Scijournal_title
European journal of sport scienceauthors
Wilson PBdoi
10.1080/17461391.2015.1046191subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-01-01 00:00:00pages
448-54issue
4eissn
1746-1391issn
1536-7290journal_volume
16pub_type
杂志文章abstract：INTRODUCTION:The Moxy is a novel, cutaneously placed muscle oxygen monitor which claims to measure local oxygen saturation (SmO2) and total haemoglobin (THb) using near-infrared spectroscopy. If shown to be reliable, its data storage and telemetric capability will be useful for assessing localised O2 usage during field...
journal_title：European journal of sport science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/17461391.2017.1330899
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dorsiflexion sport shoes aim to increase jumping capacity and speed by means of a lower position of the heel in comparison with the forefoot, favouring additional stretching of the ankle plantar flexors. In previous studies, contradictory results have been found on the benefits of using this type of shoe. With the aim...
journal_title：European journal of sport science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/17461391.2013.777797
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Abstract Rugby Sevens ('Sevens') is one of the fastest growing sports in the world. This growth was marked by the inclusion of the sport in the Olympic Games in 2016. The most frequently occurring contact events in Sevens are the tackle and ruck. Performing specific techniques during these contact events can reduce th...
journal_title：European journal of sport science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/17461391.2019.1675764
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objectives of this paper were to: (a) systematically review studies that explored the effects of exercise order (EO) on muscular strength and/or hypertrophy; (b) pool their results using a meta-analysis; and (c) provide recommendations for the prescription of EO in resistance training (RT) programmes. A literature...
journal_title：European journal of sport science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/17461391.2020.1733672
更新日期：2020-02-28 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied differences in physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB), and the types of PA and SB between Finnish girls and boys and children from different socioeconomic backgrounds (SES). We assessed PA, SB, parental education, and household income using detailed questionnaires in a representative population sa...
journal_title：European journal of sport science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/17461391.2017.1294619
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Purpose of the study was to quantify the importance of auditory feedback for movement precision in elevated rowing task difficulty with elite athletes under normal and masked hearing conditions. It was hypothesized that rowing with masked hearing would reduce the precision of movement, particularly at the non-usual/le...
journal_title：European journal of sport science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/17461391.2019.1710265
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The uncontrolled manifold (UCM) approach has been widely used in recent studies to examine variability in daily tasks; however, it has not yet been used to study running or the effects of expertise. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse the synergy structure stabilizing the centre of mass (CoM) trajectory in...
journal_title：European journal of sport science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/17461391.2019.1709561
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:β-alanine is a common ingredient in supplements consumed by athletes. Indeed, athletes may believe that the β-alanine induced paresthesia, experienced shortly after ingestion, is associated with its ergogenic effect despite no scientific mechanism supporting this notion. The present study examined changes in cycling p...
journal_title：European journal of sport science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/17461391.2015.1005696
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Abstract Aging decreases physical function which can increase dependence in activities of daily living (ADL) and disability. However, physical activity (PA) may improve physical function and prevent disability in older adults. In addition, it is important to emphasize that research concerning the domains in which PA i...
journal_title：European journal of sport science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/17461391.2020.1790669
更新日期：2020-07-21 00:00:00
abstract：:This study aims to describe the intensity and load demands of different stage types within a cycling Grand Tour. Nine professional cyclists, whom are all part of the same World-Tour professional cycling team, participated in this investigation. Competition data were collected during the 2016 Giro d'Italia. Stages with...
journal_title：European journal of sport science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/17461391.2018.1554706
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study examined the agreement between estimates of thigh volume (TV) with anthropometry and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in healthy school children. Participants (n=168, 83 boys and 85 girls) were school children 10.0-13.9 years of age. In addition to body mass, height and sitting height, anthropometric ...
journal_title：European journal of sport science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/17461391.2013.767945
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To investigate the association of electrocardiographic (ECG) left and/or right ventricular hypertrophy (LVH and RVH) with physical fitness of military males. METHODS:We used a military cohort of 2587 males, who were on average 29.1 years of age, from the cardiorespiratory fitness and hospitalization events in arme...
journal_title：European journal of sport science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/17461391.2019.1595741
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Observational research on professional athletes from the USA suggests differences may exist in sweat sodium loss based on ethnic differences. The New Zealand (NZ) sporting population is mainly of European or Māori/Pacific Island origin. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the fluid-electrolyte balance of athletes ...
journal_title：European journal of sport science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/17461391.2015.1017539
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exercise training during evening may disturb sleep patterns and hinder recovery process. The present study aimed to examine the effect of whole body cryotherapy (WBC) exposure after training in the evening on sleep quality and night heart rate variability (HRV). A total of 22 physically active men were randomized to u...
journal_title：European journal of sport science
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1080/17461391.2018.1551937
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Applying heat training interventions in a team sports setting remains challenging. This study investigated the effects of integrating short-term, repeat sprint heat training with passive heat exposure on running performance and general conditioning in team sport players. Thirty male club-level Australian Football play...
journal_title：European journal of sport science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/17461391.2020.1759696
更新日期：2020-05-14 00:00:00
abstract：:This study investigated the effect of high-intensity cycling re-warm up (RW) within a very short time-frame on the subsequent intermittent sprint performance. Twelve active males completed three trials in random order: control (CON); 3-min RW at 30% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) (RW30); and 1-min RW at 90% of VO2m...
journal_title：European journal of sport science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/17461391.2020.1713901
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Purpose: To assess the effects of a taper strategy on neuromuscular and metabolic fitness in team sport athletes, through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Method: To be included in this meta-analysis, studies had to involve competitive team sport athletes and a tapering intervention providing details about the p...
journal_title：European journal of sport science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/17461391.2020.1736183
更新日期：2020-03-14 00:00:00
abstract：:Tart Montmorency cherry concentrate (MC) has been reported to attenuate the symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) and to accelerate exercise recovery, which has been attributed to its high anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Although these data are promising, there are no data regarding exclusive...
journal_title：European journal of sport science
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1080/17461391.2018.1502360
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Relative age effects (RAEs) refer to age differences between children in the same selection year. The present study investigated the prevalence of RAEs and their link to playing positions in Swiss junior soccer. Swiss male junior soccer players (n=50,581) representing 11% of the age-matched population - members of ext...
journal_title：European journal of sport science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/17461391.2011.635699
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Low-load exercise performed to or near task failure appears to result in similar skeletal muscle adaptations as low-load exercise with the addition of blood flow restriction (BFR). However, there may be a point where the training load becomes too low to stimulate an anabolic response without BFR. This study examined s...
journal_title：European journal of sport science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/17461391.2019.1664640
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study aimed to describe and compare ballet dancers' cardiorespiratory responses, muscle damage and oxidative stress levels during a ballet class (practice of isolated ballet exercises performed with barre/hand-rail support and across-the-floor movements to improve technical skills) and rehearsal (practice of ball...
journal_title：European journal of sport science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/17461391.2013.777796
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The concept of Olympic education and its use of moral education to shape the development of personality have received insufficient empirical support. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of an integrated Olympic education programme on the development of prosocial behaviour in adolescents. A natural experim...
journal_title：European journal of sport science
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1080/17461391.2016.1254280
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Carbohydrate (CHO) mouth rinse has been shown to improve endurance performance and maintain the central drive of contracting muscles. Salt (NaCl) mouth rinse solution, often used in dentistry to desensitise the oral cavity to pain, could also activate cortical areas of the brain. Hence, the objective of this prelimina...
journal_title：European journal of sport science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/17461391.2020.1730980
更新日期：2020-02-28 00:00:00
abstract：:This study examines entries into the penalty area as a performance indicator that distinguishes between winning, drawing and losing soccer teams. It assesses whether entries into the penalty area are influenced by match status, a player's dismissal and the respective quality of the competing teams. Two observers analy...
journal_title：European journal of sport science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/17461391.2011.606834
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the study was to compare the maximal physiological responses during three protocols: maximal test on land cycle ergometer, maximal test on water cycling in an indoor pool at 27 °C (WC27) and at 31 °C (WC31). Moreover, the submaximal physiological responses were compared according cycling cadences and water ...
journal_title：European journal of sport science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/17461391.2013.770924
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ergogenic and therapeutic effects of increasing muscle creatine by supplementation are well-recognized. It appears that similar benefits to brain function and cognitive processing may also be achieved with creatine supplementation, however research in this area is more limited, and important knowledge gaps remain....
journal_title：European journal of sport science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/17461391.2018.1500644
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study investigates the changes of the connective tissue in the fingers of performance sport climbers resulting after a minimum of 15 years of climbing. Evaluation was performed by ultrasonography on the palmar side of the fingers (Dig) II-V to measure the thickness of the A2 and A4 annular pulleys, the flexor dig...
journal_title：European journal of sport science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/17461391.2015.1048747
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The study aimed to evaluate the effects of a 3-week n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) supplementation on serum nitric oxide (NO), asymmetric dimethyloarginine (ADMA), ultrasound indices of endothelial function and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) of elite cyclists. The effects of dietary supplementation (n-3 P...
journal_title：European journal of sport science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/17461391.2014.949310
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Landing with a low knee flexion angle after volleyball block jumps may be associated with an increased risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. The aim of the present study was to identify the types of volleyball landings after blocks where the knee flexion angle is found to be under a critical knee flexion an...
journal_title：European journal of sport science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/17461391.2016.1220626
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to describe the physiques of Ironman athletes and the relationship between Ironman's performance, training and somatotype. A total of 165 male and 22 female competitors of the Ironman Switzerland volunteered in this study. Ten anthropometric dimensions were measured, and 12 training and histo...
journal_title：European journal of sport science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/17461391.2013.813971
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
