Abstract：
:Molecular tests hold great potential for tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis, but are costly, time consuming, and HIV-infected patients are often sputum scarce. Therefore, alternative approaches are needed. We evaluated automated digital chest radiography (ACR) as a rapid and cheap pre-screen test prior to Xpert MTB/RIF (Xpert). 388 suspected TB subjects underwent chest radiography, Xpert and sputum culture testing. Radiographs were analysed by computer software (CAD4TB) and specialist readers, and abnormality scores were allocated. A triage algorithm was simulated in which subjects with a score above a threshold underwent Xpert. We computed sensitivity, specificity, cost per screened subject (CSS), cost per notified TB case (CNTBC) and throughput for different diagnostic thresholds. 18.3% of subjects had culture positive TB. For Xpert alone, sensitivity was 78.9%, specificity 98.1%, CSS $13.09 and CNTBC $90.70. In a pre-screening setting where 40% of subjects would undergo Xpert, CSS decreased to $6.72 and CNTBC to $54.34, with eight TB cases missed and throughput increased from 45 to 113 patients/day. Specialists, on average, read 57% of radiographs as abnormal, reducing CSS ($8.95) and CNTBC ($64.84). ACR pre-screening could substantially reduce costs, and increase daily throughput with few TB cases missed. These data inform public health policy in resource-constrained settings.
journal_name
Sci Repjournal_title
Scientific reportsauthors
Philipsen RH,Sánchez CI,Maduskar P,Melendez J,Peters-Bax L,Peter JG,Dawson R,Theron G,Dheda K,van Ginneken Bdoi
10.1038/srep12215subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-07-27 00:00:00pages
12215issn
2045-2322pii
srep12215journal_volume
5pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Chronic inflammation-associated bone destruction, which is observed in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis, is mediated by excessive osteoclastogenesis. We showed previously that γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), an enzyme involved in glutathione metabolism, acts as an endogenous activator of such pathological o...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/srep35930
更新日期：2016-10-24 00:00:00
abstract：:The first choice of treatment for patients with plantar fasciitis is non-invasive treatment, rather than corticosteroid injection (CSI). However, no comprehensive study has compared the effectiveness of CSI with non-invasive treatments for plantar fasciitis. We conducted a meta-analysis comparing CSI and non-invasive ...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1038/s41598-018-22402-w
更新日期：2018-03-05 00:00:00
abstract：:The Irish Travellers are a population with a history of nomadism; consanguineous unions are common and they are socially isolated from the surrounding, 'settled' Irish people. Low-resolution genetic analysis suggests a common Irish origin between the settled and the Traveller populations. What is not known, however, i...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/srep42187
更新日期：2017-02-09 00:00:00
abstract：:Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) play an important role in the health of an infant as substrate for beneficial gut bacteria. Little is known about the effects of HMO composition and its changes on the morbidity and growth outcomes of infants living in areas with high infection rates. Mother's HMO composition and inf...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/srep40466
更新日期：2017-01-12 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of annealing both in the oxygen atmosphere and at room temperatures on physical properties such as the pseudogap (Δ*(T)) and excess conductivity (σ'(T)) of untwined YBa2Cu3O7-δ (YBCO) single crystal with a small deviation from oxygen stoichiometry is studied. It was revealed that as the charge carrier densi...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-019-45286-w
更新日期：2019-06-25 00:00:00
abstract：:On an SiO2-patterned c-plane sapphire substrate, GaN domains were grown with their polarity controlled in accordance with the pattern. While N-polar GaN was grown on hexagonally arranged circular openings, Ga-polar GaN was laterally overgrown on mask regions due to polarity inversion occurring at the boundary of the c...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-018-22424-4
更新日期：2018-03-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Peak heat flow occurs at mid-ocean ridges and decreases with the age of the oceanic lithosphere. Several plate models, including the Parsons and Sclater (PSM) model, Global Depth and Heat (GDH1) model and Constant Heat flow Applied on the Bottom Lithospheric Isotherm (CHABLIS) model, have been used to predict heat flo...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/srep19167
更新日期：2016-01-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Electromagnetic resonances in conducting structures give rise to the enhancement of local fields and extinction efficiencies. Conducting structures are conventionally fabricated with a fixed geometry that determines their resonant response. Here, we challenge this conventional approach by demonstrating the photo-gener...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/srep03584
更新日期：2014-01-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Radiation weighting factor wR for photons and electrons has been defined as unity independently of the energy of the particles. However, the biological effects depend on the incident energies according to in vitro experimental data. In this study, we have quantified the energy concentration along electron tracks in te...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-019-54081-6
更新日期：2019-11-27 00:00:00
abstract：:Anthurium amnicola Dressler possesses a number of desirable and novel ornamental traits such as a purple-colored upright spathe, profuse flowering, and floral scent, some of which have been introgressed into modern Anthurium cultivars. As a first step in identifying genes associated with these traits, the transcriptom...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-017-00808-2
更新日期：2017-05-04 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the study was to determine damage severity of wood-destroying insects on logs stored in forest depots. The Bevan damage classification (BDC) system, developed in 1987, was utilized to determine damage severity in log depots in 21 locations throughout seven provinces in Turkey. Pheromone traps were placed in...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-020-70696-6
更新日期：2020-08-13 00:00:00
abstract：:The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the main site of protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells and requires a high concentration of luminal chaperones to function. During protein synthesis, ER luminal chaperones are swept along the secretory pathway and must be retrieved to maintain cell viability. ER protein retrieval is a...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-020-73906-3
更新日期：2020-10-09 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite the quintessential role that music plays in human societies by enabling us to release and share emotions with others, traces of its evolutionary origins in other species remain scarce. Drumming like humans whilst producing music is practically unheard of in our most closely related species, the great apes. Alt...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/srep11320
更新日期：2015-06-17 00:00:00
abstract：:There is strong in vitro cell survival evidence that the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of protons is variable, with dependence on factors such as linear energy transfer (LET) and dose. This is coupled with the growing in vivo evidence, from post-treatment image change analysis, of a variable RBE. Despite thi...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-019-56258-5
更新日期：2019-12-27 00:00:00
abstract：:Wetting failure is of vital importance to many physical phenomena, such as industrial coating and drop emission. Here we show when and how the surface roughness promotes the destabilization of a moving contact line on a hydrophilic surface. Beyond the balance of the driving force and viscous resistance where a stable ...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/srep05376
更新日期：2014-06-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Drought episodes decrease plant growth and productivity, which in turn cause high economic losses. Plants naturally sense and respond to water stress by activating specific signalling pathways leading to physiological and developmental adaptations. Genetically engineering genes that belong to these pathways might impr...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-019-44571-y
更新日期：2019-05-30 00:00:00
abstract：:A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper. ...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 已发布勘误
doi：10.1038/s41598-018-23237-1
更新日期：2018-04-24 00:00:00
abstract：:Two-dimensional (2D) porous carbon AC-SPN-3 possessing of amazing high micropore volume ratio of 83% and large surface area of about 1069 m(2) g(-1) is high-yield obtained by pyrolysis of natural waste Pistachio nutshells with KOH activation. The AC-SPN-3 has a curved 2D lamellar morphology with the thickness of each ...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/srep05545
更新日期：2014-07-02 00:00:00
abstract：:A large retreat of sea-ice in the 'stormy' Atlantic Sector of the Arctic Ocean has become evident through a series of record minima for the winter maximum sea-ice extent since 2015. Results from the Norwegian young sea ICE (N-ICE2015) expedition, a five-month-long (Jan-Jun) drifting ice station in first and second yea...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-019-45574-5
更新日期：2019-06-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Fatty liver (FL) disease is the most common type of chronic liver disease. We hypothesized that liver's response to the process where large droplets of triglyceride fat accumulate in liver cells is reflected also in gene pathway expression in blood. Peripheral blood genome wide gene expression analysis and ultrasonic ...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-018-28563-y
更新日期：2018-07-09 00:00:00
abstract：:For lung and many other cancers, prognosis is essentially important, and extensive modeling has been carried out. Cancer is a genetic disease. In the past 2 decades, diverse molecular data (such as gene expressions and DNA mutations) have been analyzed in prognosis modeling. More recently, histopathological imaging da...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-020-72201-5
更新日期：2020-09-14 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to estimate substitution rate and imprints of natural selection on parvovirus B19 genotype 1. Studied datasets included 137 near complete coding B19 genomes (positions 665 to 4851) for phylogenetic and substitution rate analysis and 146 and 214 partial genomes for selection analyses in open r...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/srep35759
更新日期：2016-10-24 00:00:00
abstract：:Most Group I Clostridium botulinum strains harbor botulinum neurotoxin (bont) genes on their chromosome, while some carry these genes (including bont/a, bont/b, and bont/f) on large plasmids. Prior work in our laboratory demonstrated that Group I BoNT plasmids were mobilized to C. botulinum recipient strains containin...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-018-21342-9
更新日期：2018-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The genome of influenza A virus (IAV) comprises eight RNA segments (vRNA) which are transcribed and replicated by the heterotrimeric IAV RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase (RdRp). RdRp consists of three subunits (PA, PB1 and PB2) and binds both the highly conserved 3'- and 5'-ends of the vRNA segment. The IAV RdRp is an imp...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/srep24727
更新日期：2016-04-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Multi-domain voltage-gated ion channels appear to have evolved through sequential rounds of intragenic duplication from a primordial one-domain precursor. Whereas modularity within one-domain symmetrical channels is established, little is known about the roles of individual regions within more complex asymmetrical cha...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/srep38426
更新日期：2016-12-12 00:00:00
abstract：:The total spatial coverage of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) within the Brazilian Economic Exclusive Zone (EEZ) has recently achieved the quantitative requirement of the Aichii Biodiversity Target 11. However, the distribution of MPAs in the Brazilian EEZ is still unbalanced regarding the proportion of protected ecosys...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-019-45042-0
更新日期：2019-06-14 00:00:00
abstract：:In order to make full use of the impact of internal and external factors on the performance of title catalyst for ethyl benzene oxidation, the key internal influencing factors on the catalytic performance were modulated by coordinating and grafting manganese porphyrin to mesoporous and macroporous chitosan, and the im...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-020-70210-y
更新日期：2020-08-24 00:00:00
abstract：:The receptor guanylate cyclases (rGCs) in animals serve as sensitive chemoreceptors to detect both chemical and environmental cues. In reproduction, rGCs were shown to be expressed on sperm and serve as receptors for egg-derived sperm-activating and sperm-attracting factors in some echinoderms and mammals. However, sp...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-019-51224-7
更新日期：2019-10-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Ample evidence indicates that obesity causes dysfunctions in the lung. Previous studies also show that cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathways play crucial roles in obesity-induced chronic inflammation via α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) signaling. However, it remains unclear whether and how obesity affec...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-020-75414-w
更新日期：2020-10-27 00:00:00
abstract：:A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase-15 (ADAM15) is a transmembrane protein involved in protein ectodomain shedding, cell adhesion and signalling. We previously cloned and characterised alternatively spliced variants of ADAM15 that differ in their intracellular domains and demonstrated correlation of the expression of ...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-019-49021-3
更新日期：2019-08-29 00:00:00
