Abstract:
:Twenty-two primigravida women who planned to breastfeed began conditioning their nipples six weeks before their expected delivery date by nipple rolling twice a day for two minutes each time; providing gentle friction against the nipple with a terry cloth towel for 15 seconds once a day; and nipple airing for two hours a day, allowing outer clothing to rub against the nipple. Each woman served as her own control, conditioning one nipple but not the other. No nipple ointments or soap were used on either nipple during the course of the study. Each woman was given instructions on breastfeeding techniques to be used after delivery. The women completed two checklists: One revealed how consistently they followed the nipple-conditioning regime; with the other, they rated nipple pain on each breast, for every nursing, during the first five days postdelivery. Ratings were: 1--negligible pain or no pain, 2--definite pain, 3--extreme pain. Seventeen women successfully completed the study. Effect of skin color on the amount of nipple pain was also investigated. The prenatal nipple-conditioning regime significantly reduced the amount of total nipple pain experienced during the first few days of breastfeeding. The amount of extreme pain experienced on the conditioned nipple was significantly (p less than .01) reduced compared to the control nipple. Fair-skinned women reported more nipple soreness on unconditioned nipples, and olive-complected women reported significantly (p less than .01) less nipple soreness on unconditioned nipples.
journal_name
Nurs Resjournal_title
Nursing researchauthors
Atkinson LDsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1979-09-01 00:00:00pages
267-71issue
5eissn
0029-6562issn
1538-9847journal_volume
28pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NURSING RESEARCH文献大全abstract::p6labor-preparation analogue study was conducted to examine the efficacy of videotaped information and modeling as pain-reducing techniques for women during labor and delivery. Sixty nulliparous college female undergraduates were randomly assigned to four treatment conditions: (a) videotaped modeling; (b) videotaped i...
journal_title:Nursing research
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examined the range of coping behaviors identified by the authors of 39 published case studies of hospitalized children age 20 months to 10 years and the pattern of coping revealed when the behaviors described in the published studies were analyzed according to the category system based on the Lazarus stress...
journal_title:Nursing research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Limited data are available concerning determinants of health care service usage by low-income young children. OBJECTIVES:To explore predictors of hospitalization and emergency department (ED) use by young children of low-income families by using the Aday and Andersen Access Framework. METHODS:Low-income wo...
journal_title:Nursing research
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1097/00006199-200009000-00004
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is no rigorously developed and empirically validated screening tool to identify, early in the hospital stay, those adults who will use specialized hospital discharge planning services. OBJECTIVES:To develop and validate a screen using hospital admission clinical data that discriminates between adults ...
journal_title:Nursing research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006199-200601000-00008
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A multivariate study investigated developmental progress in very low birth weight infants (VLBW less than or equal to 1,500 grams) during the first year of life. The subjects were 41 VLBW infants (M birth weight = 1,203 grams) who were free from congenital anomalies and appropriate for gestational age. Eighteen infant...
journal_title:Nursing research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1986-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Research to document the effects of nursing on patient outcomes such as pain has been limited by the inability to measure the quality of nursing care effectively. OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to establish content validity and to evaluate patient understanding of Pain Care Quality (PainCQ) survey ...
journal_title:Nursing research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/NNR.0b013e3181d1a732
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Relatively little is known about differences in the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) by race and region in the United States. OBJECTIVES:To use the 1999-2002 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Minimum Data Set (MDS), Atlanta Region, to investigate the prevalence of UI among African Amer...
journal_title:Nursing research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.NNR.0000263969.08878.51
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this descriptive study, 20 midlife women experiencing chronic distressing gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms recorded GI symptom severity in a symptom diary for a 30-day period and dietary intake in a 9-day food record. A wide variability in GI symptom severity was noted. Significant negative relationships were present...
journal_title:Nursing research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Concerns have been raised about the effects of maternal employment on parent-child relations. Some researchers have concluded that maternal employment status has no effect on children's maternal attachments; others have found that full-time employment initiated in the first year of life is associated with in...
journal_title:Nursing research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006199-199805000-00007
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Some nurse-driven interventions have successfully reduced rates of healthcare-associated infections, though incidence remains unacceptably high. Bacterial contamination in patient rooms may be a source of exposure for patients and thus a target for future interventions; however, few studies have investigated...
journal_title:Nursing research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/NNR.0000000000000316
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study explored the decision making process of physicians and parents in choosing between hospital and home care for children in the terminal phase of cancer. Data were gathered from hospital records of the children and from interviews with their parents. Discriminant function analysis of hospital record data sugg...
journal_title:Nursing research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Multiple cell signaling pathways are implicated in the development, progression, and persistence of cisplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy. Although advances have been made in terms of understanding specific neurotoxic mechanisms, there are few predictive factors identified that can help inform the clinicia...
journal_title:Nursing research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/NNR.0000000000000338
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this project was to develop an instrument to measure use of safe sex practices among adolescents and to conduct initial evaluation of the psychometric properties of the instrument. The Safe Sex Behavior Questionnaire (SSBQ) was designed to measure the frequency of use of safe sex practices and was assessed ...
journal_title:Nursing research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Clinical guidelines for the prevention of pressure ulcers advise that pressure-reducing devices should be used for all patients at risk of or with pressure ulcers and that all pressure ulcers should be documented in the patient record. Adherence to these guidelines among elderly hospital patients early in th...
journal_title:Nursing research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/NNR.0b013e31818fce8e
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The processes family members of heart transplant recipients use to manage the unpredictability evoked by the need for and receipt of heart transplantation were explored. Twenty family members were theoretically sampled using the grounded theory approach. Three separate family support groups, each of 12 weeks duration,...
journal_title:Nursing research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1987-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:An emphasis on precision health (PH) has stimulated precision medicine studies to focus on the interplay of biological, behavioral, and environmental factors with disease risks, treatments, prognoses, and outcomes affecting health disparities. It is imperative, as well, that improving health equity among und...
journal_title:Nursing research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/NNR.0000000000000329
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Raising a child with a disability (CWD) in the home is increasing across the globe. Because of caregiver burden and the complexity of care, there is growing concern for typically developing sibling (TDS) outcomes. OBJECTIVE:The aim of the study was to examine whether caregiver burden, parenting style, and s...
journal_title:Nursing research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/NNR.0000000000000046
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Women are entering the labor force at unprecedented rates, many combining employment with their roles as wives and mothers. The purpose of this study was to determine if the complement of women's roles was associated with negative mental health effects. It was hypothesized that multiple roles would have negative effec...
journal_title:Nursing research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Urinary incontinence (UI) affects large numbers of adults, especially older adults, with an estimated 200 million adults worldwide having this life-altering condition. OBJECTIVES:To identify key populations at risk for urinary incontinence and propose population-based strategies to promote continence with a...
journal_title:Nursing research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00006199-200411006-00010
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The health attitudes and behaviors of 94 mothers of preschool children were investigated by personal interview in this descriptive correlational study. Mothers were divided into two groups, depending on their compliance or noncompliance, with recommended immunizations for their children. Subjects were assessed for hea...
journal_title:Nursing research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1981-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although nurses have the major responsibility for pain management, little is known about nurses' responses to patients in the process of managing acute pain. OBJECTIVE:To examine the relationship between nurses' empathic responses and their patients' pain intensity and analgesic administration after surgery...
journal_title:Nursing research
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1097/00006199-200007000-00002
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The hidden nature of brain injury means that it is often difficult for people to understand the sometimes challenging behaviors that individuals exhibit. The misattribution of these behaviors may lead to a lack of consideration and public censure if the individual is seen as simply misbehaving. OBJECTIVE:Th...
journal_title:Nursing research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/NNR.0b013e31823ca253
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although there are two methods of caring for women with epidural anesthesia during second-stage labor (coached closed-glottis pushing immediately at 10-cm cervical dilation or delayed pushing until the woman feels the urge to push, passive fetal descent, and encouragement of open-glottis pushing when the wom...
journal_title:Nursing research
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/00006199-200505000-00002
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A conceptual model for vulnerable populations research relates resource availability and relative risk to health status. The model has a population-based focus that places responsibility for the collective health status of its citizens with the community. Vulnerable populations are social groups who experien...
journal_title:Nursing research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00006199-199803000-00005
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:: Sleep disturbance is a significant health issue in pregnant women. Although previous studies contribute to an understanding of the multifactorial nature of pregnancy-related sleep disturbance, objective measures of sleep were not included, and so data may be subject to recall and potential participant self...
journal_title:Nursing research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/NNR.0b013e3182346249
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Agitated behavior is a widespread problem that adversely affects the health of nursing home residents and increases the cost of their care. OBJECTIVE:To examine whether modifying environmental stimuli by the use of calming music and hand massage affects agitated behavior in persons with dementia. METHOD:A ...
journal_title:Nursing research
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/00006199-200209000-00008
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Nonoccupational postexposure prophylaxis (nPEP) for HIV following sexual assault may decrease the likelihood of HIV transmission. OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this exploratory chart review study was to examine factors associated with patients accepting post-sexual assault nPEP at three forensic nurse examiner p...
journal_title:Nursing research
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1097/NNR.0000000000000122
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of preference for structure and a self-directed learning (SDL) project on the SDL readiness of junior-class baccalaureate nursing students. The sample was divided into a control group consisting of two sections (N = 50) who did not conduct an SDL project, and an exp...
journal_title:Nursing research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1983-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Self-rated health status of the Latin American immigrant population in Spain varies by gender, education and doing physical exercise. Physical activity patterns have not been described. OBJECTIVE:The aims are to describe self-reported physical activity in adult Latin American immigrants living in Seville (S...
journal_title:Nursing research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/NNR.0000000000000120
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Event history calendars are used to collect retrospective data about events and life transitions over short and long periods of time. Event history calendars are highly structured, but flexible, approaches to interviewing respondents about past events that use their own past experiences as cues to rememberin...
journal_title:Nursing research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006199-200207000-00008
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00