Abstract：
PURPOSE:This study investigated, using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), inferior oblique muscle (IO) position relative to the adnexa in normal controls, subjects with and without vertical strabismus following lower lid blepharoplasty, and subjects with other hypertropia. METHODS:Sagittal plane MRI was obtained in central gaze, infraduction, and supraduction in 19 controls, 11 subjects with and 2 without hypertropia following bilateral lower lid blepharoplasty, and 13 subjects with hypertropia unrelated to blepharoplasty. In the plane passing through the center of the inferior rectus muscle (IR), we analyzed IO position relative to the globe, as well as the distance from IO to the skin or orbital floor. RESULTS:The IO was located approximately 1 mm more anteriorly and 1.2 mm more inferiorly in hypertropic than hypotropic fellow orbits of the blepharoplasty group and controls (P < 0.05). From central gaze to infraduction, IO shift in subjects with blepharoplasty was redirected inferiorly, rather than posteriorly as in all other groups. However, from central gaze to supraduction, IO motion was similar in all groups. There was scarring between the IO-IR pulley and orbital floor in the hypertropic eye after lower lid blepharoplasty. CONCLUSIONS:Subjects with strabismus following lower lid blepharoplasty exhibit anterior and inferior IO pulley displacement in central gaze, as well as hindrance to normal posterior shift in infraduction. Proximity of IO to the orbital rim and lower eyelid skin is associated with strabismus following blepharoplasty, possibly because lower lid blepharoplasty may change lid forces on the IO-IR pulley system via scar tissue.
journal_name
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Scijournal_title
Investigative ophthalmology & visual scienceauthors
Shin SY,Demer JLdoi
10.1167/iovs.14-15324subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-04-01 00:00:00pages
2408-15issue
4eissn
0146-0404issn
1552-5783pii
iovs.14-15324journal_volume
56pub_type
杂志文章abstract：PURPOSE:To determine the efficacy and safety of naked plasmid gene therapy to the corneal stroma and epithelium. METHODS:Naked plasmid DNA was injected under pressure into the cornea of mice. The expression of genes coding for beta galactosidase (beta-gal), enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), vascular endotheli...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：Purpose:The lysozyme 2 (Lyz2 or LysM) cre mouse is extensively used to achieve genetic manipulation in myeloid cells and it has been widely employed in retinal research. However, LysM has been recently described to be expressed in brain neurons and there is a debate on whether it is also expressed by resident microglia...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.61.3.51
更新日期：2020-03-09 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To characterize in SV40-immortalized human corneal epithelial cells (tHCEC) osmosensitive taurine transporter gene and protein expression as well as its functional activity. To evaluate whether medium supplementation with taurine improves cell viability during a hypertonic challenge. METHODS:tHCEC were preincu...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To investigate the effects of mitomycin C (MMC) on the number of keratocytes and the proliferation of fibroblasts after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and exposure to ultraviolet B (UV-B) irradiation. METHODS:The right eyes of New Zealand White rabbits in Groups 1, 2, and 3 (n = 18 each) underwent PRK to co...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.04-0070
更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To test whether triamcinolone acetonide (TA) inhibits angiogenesis induced by IL-6 or VEGF and whether this inhibition is through antagonism of the IL-6 or the VEGF receptor 2. METHODS:A rat cornea micropocket assay was used to initiate IL-6- and VEGF-mediated angiogenesis. The ability of TA or neutralizing VE...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.05-1651
更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To compare the mydriatic effect and the short-term corneal endothelial safety of intracamerally injected N-methyl-3,4-dihydroxyphenylamine (epinine) to phenylephrine in a porcine eye model. METHODS:One hundred twelve eyes from newly slaughtered pigs were used in this study. After pretreatment with 20 mg intrac...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.09-3651
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The authors investigated the effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) administration on the expression of Ca(2+)-binding proteins in the developing bdnf(-/-) mouse retina. METHODS:Intraocular injections of BDNF (0.5 microg) were applied on postnatal day (P) 11 bdnf(-/-) mice, and their effects were e...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.08-2244
更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Adult salamander photoreceptors retract existing axons and extend new neuritic processes in vitro. In mammalian retina, similar forms of structural plasticity occur in injury and disease. The authors asked whether RhoA is present in photoreceptor axon terminals and whether activity in the RhoA-ROCK pathway cont...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.07-1580
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To investigate the expression pattern and function of survivin in the development of pterygium. METHODS:Primary pterygia at quiescent or advanced clinical stage and normal human conjunctival tissues were used in this study. Pterygium epithelial cells (PECs) were cultured in keratinocyte serum-free defined medi...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.14-15715
更新日期：2014-12-02 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To identify risk factors for the development of high-risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and for the development of severe visual loss or vitrectomy (SVLV) in eyes assigned to deferral of photocoagulation in the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS). METHODS:Multivariable Cox models were...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：
更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have investigated the involvement of cell-mediated immune responses to Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in the pathogenesis of HSV-1 induced corneal stromal lesions in mice. Topical corneal (TC) HSV-1 infection induced a vigorous delayed hypersensitivity response, as well as lymphoproliferative and cytotoxic res...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To determine the effect of age on the thickness of individual retinal layers, measured with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), in a population of healthy Caucasians. METHODS:One hundred and twenty subjects with an age ranging between 18 and 81 years were examined with SD-OCT. Mean layer thi...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.13-11913
更新日期：2013-07-22 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To assess the impact of zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) gene mutations associated with posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy 3 (PPCD3) and Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD). METHODS:Thirteen of the 27 previously reported ZEB1 truncating mutations associated with PPCD3 and the six previ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.14-15247
更新日期：2014-09-04 00:00:00
abstract：Purpose:To explore patterns of disease progression in nonneovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) associated with hyperreflective crystalline deposits (HCDs) in the sub-retinal pigment epithelium-basal laminar space. Methods:Retrospective review of medical records, multimodal imaging, and longitudinal eye-tr...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.19-26589
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To reconstruct the role played by vascular endothelium in the elevation of circulating von Willebrand factor (vWf) in diabetic patients with microangiopathy and, specifically, to determine whether storage and synthesis of vWf is altered in diabetic retinal vessels. METHODS:Trypsin digests were prepared from re...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:We investigated the progressive degeneration of retinal and superior collicular functions in a mouse model of sustained ocular hypertension. METHODS:Focal laser illumination and injection of polystyrene microbeads were used to induce chronic ocular hypertension. Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss was characteriz...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.14-15691
更新日期：2015-02-26 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To evaluate the efficiency of mitomycin C (MMC) in limiting the postoperative inflammatory response and scarring after strabismus surgery. METHODS:A prospective, two-stage, masked, controlled trial was conducted. In the first stage, the inflammatory response at the extraocular muscle reattachment site was incr...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Cataract is the most common cause of blindness in the world today, and yet there is no generally accepted treatment other than surgical intervention. Studies in rodent models designed to increase understanding of the molecular basis of cataract have shown that transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta induces morph...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Currently, there are no definitive immunomarkers for epithelial stem cells (corneal and conjunctival) or their poorly understood niche microenvironment. The H2B-GFP/K5tTA mouse enables visualization of label-retaining cells (LRCs), which exhibit the functional marker of stem cell quiescence. We used immunofluor...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.15-18038
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Corneal crystallins are lost from resident cells of the corneal stroma during wound repair, and this is associated with a loss of cell transparency. The goal of this study was to identify factors inducing loss of the corneal crystallin transketolase (TKT). METHODS:A cell culture model of freshly isolated rabbi...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.03-1057
更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to assess qualitatively the expression of adhesion molecules by human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and to study their regulation by inflammatory cytokines. These molecular events and the role played by inflammatory cytokines are important for selective lymphocyte trafficking in...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To improve the interpretation of Heidelberg Retina Flowmeter (HRF; Heidelberg Engineering GmBH, Dosselheim, Germany) flow maps by examining the influence of specific vascular structures and focus depth in the presence and absence of retinal blood flow. METHODS:HRF flow maps were recorded from the inferior reti...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.04-0772
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The adhesion complex of the corneal epithelium consists of the hemidesmosome and its associated structures, such as anchoring filaments, lamina densa of the basement membrane, and anchoring fibrils. It contributes to the adhesion of the corneal epithelium to Bowman's layer. To understand the adhesion complex better, a...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Previous work from the authors' laboratory has shown that Hsp27 is specifically upregulated after retinal ischemic preconditioning (IPC), and this upregulation acts as a key cytoprotective factor in preventing retinal ischemic damage. The regulatory mechanisms involved in the upregulation of Hsp27 after IPC are...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.04-0043
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To improve the 30-year-old "trypsin digestion" procedure for isolation of the complete retinal vasculature, which, in its time, was a revolutionary advance that allowed important discoveries about diabetic retinopathy; to provide a method that will yield more consistent results when applied to retinas represent...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To determine the functional contribution of retinoic acid receptor (RAR)-alpha in the developing murine neural retina, through a phenotypic analysis of the corresponding null mutants. METHODS:RARalpha mutant (Rara(-/-)) mice were compared with wild-type littermates at several stages of pre- and postnatal devel...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.09-3769
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:We described the optical coherence tomography (OCT) features of diabetic macular ischemia (DMI), and correlate these findings with visual acuity (VA). METHODS:Clinical and imaging data were collected from 100 patients with type 2 diabetes. Qualitative grading of DMI severity was determined according to criteri...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.13-12677
更新日期：2014-01-21 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To identify major gangliosides - the sialated glycolipids - of corneal epithelium; to determine which specific gangliosides, if any, are synthesized in a higher amount or are downregulated during corneal epithelial cell migration; and to determine what role, if any, they play in the modulation of corneal epithe...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To investigate the dynamic effect of tear lipocalins (TLs), the major lipid-binding protein in tears, at aqueous-cornea and lipid-aqueous interfaces, and their potential contribution to surface tension in the tear film. METHODS:Human apo- and holo-TLs were applied to the aqueous subphase in a Langmuir trough, ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To determine the efficacy of the M1-selective muscarinic antagonist, pirenzepine, in preventing experimentally induced myopia in a mammalian model, the tree shrew. METHODS:Tree shrews were monocularly deprived (MD) using translucent goggles or negative lenses for a period of 12 days. In two of the MD groups, t...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00
