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Metabolic effects of low-dose fluconazole in healthy female users and non-users of oral contraceptives.

Abstract：

:1. Azole antifungal agents such as ketoconazole act by inhibiting cytochrome P-450 mediated sterol synthesis in the fungal cell membrane and thus have the potential to interfere with mammalian steroidogenesis. Fluconazole is a novel orally-effective antifungal triazole which has been reported to have more specific effects on the cytochrome P-450 enzymes involved in fungal sterol synthesis. 2. Due to the potential value of systemic antifungal agents in the treatment of infections commonly occurring in women, we assessed the effect of oral fluconazole on the metabolic profile of 18 healthy premenopausal women, 10 of whom were taking combined oral contraceptives (OC). Each woman acted as her own control, being studied both before and 21-28 days after fluconazole therapy (50 mg daily), in the luteal phase of consecutive menstrual cycles. 3. The endocrinological profile included measurement of serum oestradiol, progesterone, testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations, short tetracosactrin adrenal stimulation test and thyroid function tests. Carbohydrate metabolism was investigated by means of an oral glucose tolerance test with measurement of plasma glucose, insulin and C-peptide concentrations. Serum lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins were analysed on samples taken after an overnight fast. 4. Minor biochemical changes associated with fluconazole treatment included increases in serum thyroxine and testosterone concentrations (but not in women taking OC as well as fluconazole) and in insulin and apolipoprotein B levels (but only in women taking OC as well as fluconazole). In general, these changes were small and of no clinical significance with the values remaining within the laboratory normal range. There were no adverse side-effects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) :The metabolic effects of the anti-fungal drug fluconazole were investigated in 18 women, 10 of whom were taking oral contraceptives, to examine whether this steroid antagonist has any effects primarily on hormone systems. The women, aged 29-40, took 50 mg fluconazole orally from Day 1 of their menstrual cycle for 21-28 days. Subjects kept a symptom diary, were tested weekly for hematological and liver function, and were checked for compliance by analyzing blood for drug by GLC. 5 women reported side effects: somnolence, dizziness, fatigue, increased appetite, headache (1) and nausea (1). No effects on liver function or menses were noted. The only significant findings were increases in serum thyroxine and testosterone in fluconazole-only subjects, and increases in insulin and apo-lipoprotein B in fluconazole-oral contraceptive subjects. Pills containing levonorgestrel were used by 9 women, desogestrel by 1. No significant differences were seen in estradiol, progesterone, sex-hormone-binding globulin, thyroid function, cortisol, glucose, C-peptide, cholesterol, triglycerides, lipoproteins. Thus it is unlikely that the short-term use of fluconazole for treatment of superficial mycoses, such as vulvovaginal candidiasis, will adversely affect steroid metabolism in women.

journal_name

Br J Clin Pharmacol

journal_title

British journal of clinical pharmacology

authors

Devenport MH,Crook D,Wynn V,Lees LJ

doi

10.1111/j.1365-2125.1989.tb03449.x

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

1989-06-01 00:00:00

pages

851-9

issue

eissn

0306-5251

issn

1365-2125

journal_volume

pub_type

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Metabolic effects of low-dose fluconazole in healthy female users and non-users of oral contraceptives.