Abstract：
:A significant advantage of a graphene biosensor is that it inherently represents a continuum of independent and aligned sensor-units. We demonstrate a nanoscale version of a micro-physiometer - a device that measures cellular metabolic activity from the local acidification rate. Graphene functions as a matrix of independent pH sensors enabling subcellular detection of proton excretion. Raman spectroscopy shows that aqueous protons p-dope graphene - in agreement with established doping trajectories, and that graphene displays two distinct pKa values (2.9 and 14.2), corresponding to dopants physi- and chemisorbing to graphene respectively. The graphene physiometer allows micron spatial resolution and can differentiate immunoglobulin (IgG)-producing human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells from non-IgG-producing control cells. Population-based analyses allow mapping of phenotypic diversity, variances in metabolic activity, and cellular adhesion. Finally we show this platform can be extended to the detection of other analytes, e.g. dopamine. This work motivates the application of graphene as a unique biosensor for (sub)cellular interrogation.
journal_name
Sci Repjournal_title
Scientific reportsauthors
Paulus GL,Nelson JT,Lee KY,Wang QH,Reuel NF,Grassbaugh BR,Kruss S,Landry MP,Kang JW,Vander Ende E,Zhang J,Mu B,Dasari RR,Opel CF,Wittrup KD,Strano MSdoi
10.1038/srep06865subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-10-31 00:00:00pages
6865issn
2045-2322pii
srep06865journal_volume
4pub_type
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