Abstract：
:Percutaneous electrical stimulation of the motor cortex was used to activate rapidly conducting corticofugal pathways to human abdominal muscles. Following cortical stimulation the response latencies for the abdominal muscles were similar to those for limb muscles which are a similar distance from the motor cortex. Cortically evoked responses recorded from the abdominal muscles had the same latency and similar amplitude during several voluntary tasks including expiration, expulsive manoeuvres and trunk flexion. Responses could also be evoked when the chemical drive to breathe was increased by rebreathing. In addition, the properties of the cortical projection to muscles of the abdominal wall were directly compared with those of the projection to the intrinsic muscles of the hand. The latencies of responses in abdominal muscles and intrinsic muscles of the hand were measured during static contractions over a range of strengths in the same subjects (0-100% maximal voluntary contraction, MVC). For both muscle groups, cortically evoked muscle responses of minimal latency occurred when background contractions reached 10-20% MVC with responses of maximal amplitude at 60% MVC. The variability in latency of fifty consecutive responses were similar for the two muscle groups. Furthermore, post-stimulus time histograms for 4 rectus abdominis motoneurones revealed a brief initial excitatory peak of 1.15 ms duration (range 0.96-1.34 ms) following cortical stimulation. The characteristics of this peak are the same as reported for motoneurones of intrinsic hand muscles. These findings demonstrate a powerful rapidly conducting pathway from the motor cortex to the human abdominal muscles. This pathway has many of the same properties as the monosynaptic corticospinal projection to the distal muscles of the upper limb.
journal_name
Exp Brain Resjournal_title
Experimental brain researchauthors
Plassman BL,Gandevia SCdoi
10.1007/BF00228901subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1989-01-01 00:00:00pages
301-8issue
2eissn
0014-4819issn
1432-1106journal_volume
78pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Pyramidal cell structure varies systematically in occipitotemporal visual areas in monkeys. The dendritic trees of pyramidal cells, on average, become larger, more branched and more spinous with progression from the primary visual area (V1) to the second visual area (V2), the fourth (V4, or dorsolateral DL visual area...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-005-0057-3
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Head-fixed gaze shifts were evoked by electrical stimulation of the deeper layers of the cat superior colliculus (SC). After a short latency, saccades were triggered with kinematics similar to those of visually guided saccades. When electrical stimulation was maintained for more than 150-200 ms, postsaccadic smooth ey...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00230420
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fast cyclic movements and discrete motor acts are controlled differently, presumably because fast cyclic tasks are more automated, thereby depending on different circuits. If fast cyclic movements are made less predictable (e.g., by mixing frequencies), one would predict that their control will be less automated, requ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-013-3686-y
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Evidence suggests that there are positive effects of exercise on learning and memory. Moreover, some studies have demonstrated that forced exercise plays the role of a stressor. This study was aimed at investigating the effects of different timing of exercise and exercise withdrawal on memory, and serum and hippocampa...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-015-4349-y
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have studied the dynamics of human saccades along various cardinal (horizontal and vertical) and oblique directions in two different experimental paradigms yielding fast and slow saccades, respectively. We found that the saturation of vectorial peak velocity with amplitude, which is already well known from earlier ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00228123
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Experimental neurogenic tumors were induced transplacentally in rats by single injections of ethylnitrosourea (ENU). The resulting primary tumors as well as isogenic transplantation tumor lines and clonal cell lines derived therefrom were examined for their content of the brain specific protein 14-3-2 by a quantitativ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00237328
更新日期：1976-05-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Any passive rigid inertial object that we hold in our hand, e.g., a tennis racquet, imposes a field of forces on the arm that depends on limb position, velocity, and acceleration. A fundamental characteristic of this field is that the forces due to acceleration and velocity are linearly separable in the intrinsic coor...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-005-0163-2
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:For a long time, a controversy has been proposed that whether the process of theory of mind is a result of domain-specific or domain-general changes (Wellman in The handbook of childhood cognitive development. Blackwell Publication, New Jersey, 2011). This event-related potential study explored the neural time course ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-013-3661-7
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Little is known about anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) developing when body segments of tiny mass are moved. Thus, APAs in the human upper-limb were investigated during a gentle and small index finger tap (35 mm stroke in 50 ms). This task was fulfilled by ten subjects either with prone or supine hand. EMG was...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-008-1668-2
更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study attempted to demonstrate that the indicator arm influences end point distribution in contralateral multi-joint proprioceptive tasks and also that intrinsic physical characteristics of multi-joint arms (arm stiffness) may predict the error pattern. For this purpose, we carried out two types of contral...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-012-3196-3
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Descending vestibular pathways have been shown to influence recruitment thresholds of alpha motoneurones in both human and cat. However, whereas parallel connections to the fusimotor system have been shown in the cat, such connections have not yet been demonstrated in humans. In the present study we investigated wheth...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-006-0836-5
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The European Resuscitation Guidelines recommend that survivors of cardiac arrest (CA) be resuscitated with 100% O2 and undergo subsequent-post-return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC)-reduction of O2 supply to prevent hyperoxia. Hyperoxia produces a "second neurotoxic hit," which, together with the initial ischemic in...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-020-05746-6
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study represents the first systematic comparison of the relative contributions of auditory and visual feedback to sequence production. Participants learned an isochronous melody that they performed on a keyboard and attempted to perform this sequence at a prescribed rate while auditory and visual feedback were ma...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-012-3289-z
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:X-ray photography was employed to analyse the postural syndromes following unilateral global and selective lesions of the vestibular apparatus in guinea pigs. Following hemilabyrinthectomy, head rotation in the horizontal plane resulted mainly from rotation of the cervical vertebrae whereas lateral head tilt was due t...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00250579
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The size-weight illusion induced by visually perceived sizes was reexamined to investigate whether this illusion is a sensory based or cognitive-based phenomenon. A computer-augmented environment was utilized to manipulate visual size information of target objects independently of their haptic information. Two physica...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-006-0803-1
更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since the moment arms for the elbow-flexor muscles are longest at intermediate positions of the elbow and shorter at the extremes of the range of motion, it was expected that the elbow torque would also show a peak at an intermediate angle provided the activity of the flexor muscles remained constant. We measured the ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study exploited the alterations in pedal speed and joints kinematics elicited by changing crank length (CL) to test how altered task mechanics during cycling will modulate the muscle activation characteristics in human rectus femoris (RF), biceps femoris long head (BF), soleus (SOL) and tibialis anterior (TA). Ki...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-003-1561-y
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We explored the effects of sensory information upon procedural learning using three versions of the serial reaction-time task (SRTT): a standard task where the position of the stimulus cued the response; a non-standard task where the color of the stimulus was related to the correct response; and a combined task where ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s002210000673
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study investigated whether the execution of an accurate pointing response depends on a prior saccade orientation towards the target, independent of the vision of the limb. A comparison was made between the accuracy of sequential responses (in which the starting position of the hand is known and the eye centred on...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00228987
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We tested the hypothesis that some of the electromyographic (EMG) responses elicited in preactivated forearm muscles by transcranial stimulation of the human motor cortex are produced by activity in a disynaptic corticospinal linkage involving propriospinal-like interneurones with cell bodies in the spinal C3-4 segmen...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00229634
更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The excitability of the corticospinal motor pathways to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be differentially modulated by a variety of motor tasks. However, there is emerging evidence that linguistic tasks may alter excitability of the corticospinal motor pathways also. In this study we evaluated the effect o...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-003-1648-5
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Descending projections from the mesencephalon and superior colliculus to the inferior olive were analyzed by an autoradiographic tracing method. Injections of tritium-labelled leucine were placed in regions which had previously been identified as sources of afferents to the olive. These were located adjacent to the ce...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01208593
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study investigates coordination between hand transport and grasp movement components by examining a hypothesis that the hand location, relative to the object, in which aperture closure is initiated remains relatively constant under a wide range of transport speed. Subjects made reach-to-grasp movements to a dowel...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-006-0423-9
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Force and electromyogram (EMG) responses of the medial gastrocnemius muscle were assessed during isometric contractions in 8 decerebrate cat preparations, before and after acute dorsal hemisection of the spinal cord at the T12 level. The measures derived included the relation between static force and mean rectified EM...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00247497
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The survival of grafts of dissociated allogeneic fetal neural dopamine (DA) rich tissue in the striatum has been studied after transplantation between inbred strains of mice differing at defined immunogenetical loci between donor and recipient. Six to 7 weeks and 15 weeks after grafting, surviving grafted DA neurons w...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00253636
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is evidence that men experience more sexual arousal than women but also that women in mid-luteal phase experience more sexual arousal than women outside this phase. Recently, a few functional brain imaging studies have tackled the issue of gender differences as pertaining to reactions to erotica. The question of...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-006-0429-3
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The companion article (Sholomenko et al. 1991) described the brainstem locomoter regions in the bird where direct intracerebral injection of a number of putative excitatory neurochemicals, including cholinergic agonists, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) and Substance P, evoke locomotion. Using the same experimental protoco...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00231753
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The topography of commissural fibers of the prefrontal cortex was studied in the rhesus monkey using autoradiography. Commissural fibers originating in the medial prefrontal and the caudal orbital regions course through the anterior portion of the genu and the rostrum of the corpus callosum, while those from the arcua...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00240516
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper reports an investigation of the magnitude and timing of the stretch reflex over the full range of activation of flexor carpi radialis. While it is well established that the magnitude of the reflex increases with the level of muscle activation, there have been few studies of reflex magnitude above 50% of max...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-004-1848-7
更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We describe the simple-spike activity of Purkinje cells (P cells) in the ventral paraflocculus (VPFL) of behaving monkeys in association with movements of the visual scene that evoke short-latency ocular following responses. One group of P cells discharged maximally for downward motion, and the other for motion toward...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00228385
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
